기독교 상담
성경적 상담
영한 요약 글
오순절 성경학교 세미나1
홍용표 저 역
기독교 상담하면 보수주의 진보주의를 다 망라하나
성경적 상담하면 다분히 보수성을 의미한다.
그러나 둘 다 목회 돌봄 상담 분야에 속한 영역이다.
가. 기독교 상담
기독교 상담 다양한 접근법
VARIED APPROACHES TO CHRISTIAN COUNSELING
상담의 3가지 접근법(애덤스)
Three Approaches to Counseling:
1. 전문지식 Expert Knowledge -- Proponents: Sigmund Freud and F. J. Skinner
2. 일반지식 Common Knowledge -- Proponents: Carl Rogers, O. Hobart & Mowrer
3. 신적 지식 Divine Knowledge -- Proponents: Scripture, God's Revelation
(Dr. Jay Adam's terms)
개리 콜린스 12가지 상담 접근법
개리 콜린스의 책 [사람들이 자라도록 도우라]에 나타난 기독교 상담
In his book Helping People Grow Dr. Gary R. Collins has stated what he
thinks Christian counseling is and he shares the approaches of
various men in the counseling field. Most of these he would consider to be
Christians.
기독교 상담 제목들 headings:
관계 Relationship Counseling-- David Carlson
대화 Tournier's Dialogue Counseling-- written by Gary Collins
성장 Growth Counseling-- Howard Clinebell
거래분석 Transactional Analysis-- H.
가족 Family Counseling-- John A. Larsen
성 Sexual Counseling-- Curtis Wennerdahl
권면 Nouthetic Counseling-- Jay E.
성경 Biblical Counseling-- Lawrence J. Crabb, Jr.
제자도 Discipleship Counseling-- Gary R. Collins
3차원 목회 Three-Dimensional Pastoral Counseling-- Paul L.
사랑치료 Love Therapy-- John W. Drakeford
카토릭 심리분석 Catholic Approaches to Counseling-- Mose J. Glynn and Gary R.
Collins.
Collins's approach is thoroughly eclectic(철저히 분석적).
나. 성경적 상담
Biblical counseling
디모데후서 3장 16-17절 In II Timothy
하나님의 말씀이 구원과 생활에서
거룩하게 한다.
we find the ultimate purpose of the Word of God in the life of every Christian.
Not onl y is the Word of God given to make us wise unto
salvation and to be the instrument God uses to bring this about (I Peter
sanctification in daily life.
성경적/지시적 상담의 성격
누세데오--권면 경고 시정 교훈하다 (롬
nouthetew (νουθετεω), which can be variously
translated as "admonish," "warn," "correct,"
"exhort," or "instruct".
Romans
The Nature of Biblical/Directive Counseling.
A. 권위 Authoritative -- because the Word of God is authoritative.
B. 확신 Assertive-- The counselor should assert Biblical principles and not use questions as a habit or as a softening technique in the presentation of truth. human beings cannot have a true discussion (or dialogue) of the "Thus saith the Lord."
C. 대면 Confrontative -- for it indicates a personal face to face involvement that refuses to avoid the often unpleasant but necessary task of assisting a person who has a problem.
(See J. Adam's book... Manual on counseling, pg 103-111.)
D. 유연 Flexible-- The Christian counselor will range throughout the Word of God and be as flexible as the Scriptures. He will not approach problems from preconceived notions of what is wrong and what to do.
E. 적응 Adaptable-- The Biblical counselor adapts his Biblical principles of counseling to changing and unpredictable circumstances. He has order and structure to his approach,
but is willing to bend his schedule for the good of the counselee. His agenda will fit the need of the person and will work out agreements when there are differing ideas.
F. 비조작 Non-manipulative-- Biblical counselors do not manipulate and control others. They prayerfully analyze the believer's problem according to Scriptural categories and truth
and then point them to God's solutions. They will exhort, encourage, warn, persuade, and use rewards also when helpful. God's Word becomes the motivation and love for God the controlling factor, and not control of the counselee or counselor.
G. 경건 언어 Godly accurate language-- The counselor will help the counselee to relate his language to reality. (Here we see the cognitive aspects.) Exaggerations and generalities should
be examined for what they are and what they are to convey. The counselor will stop and correct crude and vulgar words.
하나님 말씀을 사용할 때 내담자에게 적용될 일
As we use the Word of God it becomes to the counselee (II Timothy
1. 교리 Doctrine-- by which we know truth. And
the truth shall set you free (John
2. 책망 Reproof-- by which we compare our lives
with the biblical standard, and become aware of our sinful condition through
conviction. Without conviction there never will be change. This is a convicting
activity which must be pursued when the counselee is unaware of his sin or is
still unrepentant. The Holy Spirit must work the conviction in the life as the
counselor presents the Word of God (James 1: 19-25).
3. 시정 Correction-- by which we recognize the
change needed and begin to bring about that change. Repentance leads to a
change in behavior as a change of mind and will take place through correction
by the Word of God. This activity is "to set straight" in which we
show the counselee how to break sinful habits and how to overcome
failures and weaknesses. This includes reconciliation, restitution and putting on new patterns.
4. 교훈 Instruction-- for the Scriptures would
bring instruction in righteousness. By the Word of God we recognize how far
short we are of God's plan and how sin brings much misery. There will be
instruction concerning putting off the old ways and putting on the new one s and about staying out of sin in the future.
5. 징계 Discipline-- in righteousness. This
structuring activity would involve laying out a personal biblical pattern of
living for the counselee to replace the unbiblical one .
성경공부와 성경적 상담 절차
성경상담은 성경공부와 말씀으로 돌봄과 교역을 포함한다. Biblical counseling involvea regular Bible study, and the ministry
of the Word of God.
1. 성경으로 시작 We must begin with the Scriptures (II Timothy
If the Bible is
the Word of God, and if it is the final word for faith and practice, then it
should reign paramount.
2. 하나님 말씀 알고 심리학 교훈
적적히 평가 We should know the Word of God so well that we can properly eval uate teachings of
psychology in the light of the "thus saith the Lord." We should know
the Scriptures thoroughly and comprehensively.
3. 성경은 행동 교과서 The Bible is the book on Behavior.
1) It instructs us how to live and not live.
2) It shows us what is acceptable behavior and unacceptable behavior. It shows us step-by-step how we can bring about behavior and personality change.
3) The Bible lays the framework for interpersonal relationships. It gives practical advice on solving family, marital, and personal conflicts.
4. 성경의 기초 앎 We must understand Biblical Foundation
Jesus Christ with the Holy Spirit is the center of all Christian counseling. He is the chief Corner Stone. If this statement is true, then who should know more about the human mind, personality, and behavioral change than the Lord? If Jesus Christ is at the center, then He, as Psalm 139 indicates specifically and intricately designed every single person. He is the master designer of every life.
성경적 상담의 가정/전제 사항
The following general presuppositions are very important:
1.성경의 성령감동과 권위
The Bible is the inspired, inherent Word of God, the final authority regarding
faith and practice (II Timothy
2. 인간의 죄 문제
Man's basic problem is a sin problem (Romans 1, Jeremiah
problem is sin and therefore the remedy is Jesus Christ.
3. 인간의 행동 책임
Man is responsible for his actions. God created man to make responsible
choices. God does not excuse man's behavior. Each person is responsible for his
or her actions. God does not look for reasons or excuses, so called. He judges
man squarely on his response to Jesus Christ and the Word of God (James
II
Corinthians
4. 모든 문제는 유기체, 사단, 영 분야
All problems fall into three categories-- organic, satan, or spiritual. one man's or woman's emotions are not an entity in themselves, rather
they are connected to his or her thinking and behavior. Change his or her
thinking and behavior and one will change the
emotions.
5. 영적 죄에서 고통
The Christian counselor should assume the person is suffering from spiritual
maladjustment or sin. The spiritual problem will evidence itself in improper
thinking or improper behavior, and doubtless both are involved, although the
thinking is not as apparent.
6. 성격상 권면적, 약 인식적
Biblical counseling is directive and dimly cognitive in nature. The Bible is a
directive book. Counseling is not just acting as a "sounding board",
but it is warning, challenging, giving advice, guiding, admonishing and even
rebuking.
기타 상세한 전제 사항
Further Presuppositions in Biblical Counseling.
A. 창조주 지탱자 삼위일체 하나님 There is one Triune God as Creator and Sustainer of the universe.
B. 일반계시와 특별계시 He has given general revelation in nature and special revelation in
the Word of God.
C. 성경은 상담에 족한 자료 The Bible is sufficient source for the principles needed to do
Christian counseling.--John
D. 상담자도 성경 문자적 해석자 Counselors as all others must interpret the Scriptures, by the
literal approach--grammatico-historically correct-telically-theologically-and
exegetically correct.--Eph.
E. 인간 하나님의 형상으로 피조 Man was created in God's image as a responsible being.
F. 인간타락과 죄 Man's corrupt nature expresses itself in sinful behavior and living
patterns. Sin results in problems that bring misery.-- Gal.
G. 인간 생각과 행동은 도적적 Human thought and behavior were created to be moral.-- Gen.
H. 불신자는 상담으로 회심되어야 한다 Unbelievers must be converted before they can be counseled. Otherwise they
cannot be changed in counseling so as to please God.
J. 방법은 성경원리와 실천에서 발달 Methodology must grow out of Biblical principles and
practices.
K. 상담 거룩한 생활로 인도하는 말씀사역 True counseling is a ministry of the Word leading to
sanctification.
L. 권징도 상담 Christian discipline is an important factor in biblical
counseling.--Matt.
M. 비기독교인 상담 내용과 방법들이
비판적으로 영입 개탄 Non-Christian content or methods may not be
eclectically incorporated into a Christian system.
상담의 성경적 근거/기초
THE BIBLICAL BASIS OF COUNSELING
A. 구약 교훈 Old Testament Precepts
1. 하나님 상담 유능 God is mighty in counsel-- Jer. 32:19; Ps.
2. 하나님 상담 영원 존속 His counsel shall stand forever--Ps 33:11; Prov.
46:10
3. 하나님 상담 신자 길 지도 His counsel shall direct the path of the believer-- Ps. 73:24;
Prov.
4. 하나님 상담 말씀 통해 옴 The counsel of God comes through the Word -- Ps. 119:24, 105
5. 예수 상담자 The Son of God shall be called-- Counselor-- Isa.
6. 성령 상담자 The Holy Spirit is counselor-- Isa. 40:13
7. 신자는 불경건자 상담대로 살지 않음 The believer is not to walk in the counsel of the ungodly-- Ps.
8. 경건/하나님
경배자 상담/조언 구하는 것 유익 It is good to seek
counsel of godly people-- Prov.
B. 신약 교훈 New Testament Precepts
1. 하나님 상담 불변 God's counsel is immutable-- Heb.
2. 예수 상담자 Christ, the Counselor, prayed the Father to send another Comforter,
the Holy Spirit--Jn.
3. 목사가 신자 상담 Pastors are to counsel their people--I Thess.
4. 신자 서로 상담 Christians are to counsel one another--Ro.
5. 자녀 상담받아야 Children of Christians are to be counseled-- Eph.
6. 성경 상담위해 쓰여 The Scriptures were written for our counsel--Ro.
7. 위로자 권면자 바나바 The word comforter is also translated--encouragement, exhortation
or to comfort, to encourage and to exhort.
8. 권면은사 Exhortation was one of the
"gifts" to the church-- Ro.
9. Paraklesia (meaning to comfort, see # 7 above) is a model for counseling for
the concept is broad enough to support a variety of therapeutic techniques from
crisis intervention to depth therapy by biblical means and methods.
10. The word admonition (nouthesia) is used in -- I Cor.
11. 권고는 성경적 To admonish or to warn (noutheteo) is used eight times as
found in Acts
성경적 상담 장점과 단점
장점
대면 Confrontation means that one
Christian personally gives counsel to another from the Scriptures.
관심 Concern means that
counseling is always done for the benefit of the counselee.
변화 Change means that
Nouthetic counseling is done because there is something in another Christian's
life that fails to meet the biblical requirements and that, therefore, keeps
him from honoring God.
단점
권면 상담은 죄와 마음에만 초점
정신과 뇌 문제를 안 다룸
일반 경험적 접근법들을 경시함
Biblical or Nouthetic counseling is extremely controversial in some Christian
circles, because certain supporters of nouthetics believe that mental illness
is caused by sin, and resulting behavior as sinful. Nouthetics supporters also
are skeptical about the existence of biochemical imbalances in the brain.
Biblical-based therapy tends to focus on the sin and heart issues of the
client, rather than acknowledge any pre-existing medical condition.
Biblical counselors make scientific approaches low.
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다음에는 목회/목양 돌봄 상담을 나눕니다.