100만 촛불 대행진 2008년 6월 10일

100만 촛불 대행진 2008년 6월 10일 100만촛불대행진 100만촛불대행진 http://blog.daum.net/361003 Daum blog (blogmaster@daum.net) tag:blog.daum.net,2009:361003 2009-11-07T11:45:27Z south korea tag:blog.daum.net,2009:361003.15710232 100만촛불대행진 2009-11-07T11:45:27Z 2009-11-07T11:45:27Z <H1 id=firstHeading class=firstHeading>South Korea</H1> <DIV id=bodyContent> <H3 id=siteSub>From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</H3> <DIV id=contentSub></DIV> <DIV id=jump-to-nav>Jump to: <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#column-one">navigation</A>, <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#searchInput">search</A></DIV> <TABLE style="WIDTH: 22em; FONT-SIZE: 88%" class="infobox geography vcard"> <TBODY> <TR class=adr> <TH style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.33em; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.2em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.33em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.33em; FONT-SIZE: 1.25em; PADDING-TOP: 0.25em" class="mergedtoprow fn org country-name" colSpan=3 align=middle>Republic of Korea <DIV style="PADDING-TOP: 0.25em">대한민국 大韓民國 Daehan-minguk</DIV></TH></TR> <TR class=mergedtoprow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.5em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0.5em" class=maptable colSpan=3 align=middle> <TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%; BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%" align=center> <TBODY> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 58%; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle" align=middle><A class=image title="Flag of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg"><IMG class=thumbborder alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/125px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" width=125 height=83></A></TD> <TD style="WIDTH: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle" align=middle><A class=image title="Coat of arms of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Korea.svg"><IMG alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Korea.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_South_Korea.svg.png" width=85 height=85></A></TD></TR> <TR> <TD align=middle><A title="Flag of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_South_Korea">Flag</A></TD> <TD align=middle><A title="Coat of arms of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Korea">Coat of arms</A></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.2em" class=anthem colSpan=3><A title="National anthem" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthem">Anthem</A>: <A title=Aegukga href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegukga">Aegukga</A> (애국가) The Patriotic Song </TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.6em; PADDING-LEFT: 0em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; PADDING-TOP: 0.6em" colSpan=3> <DIV class=center> <DIV class=floatnone><A class=image title="Location of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_South_Korea2.svg"><IMG alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Locator_map_of_South_Korea2.svg/250px-Locator_map_of_South_Korea2.svg.png" width=250 height=115></A></DIV></DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 0.3em"></DIV></TD></TR> <TR class=mergedtoprow> <TD colSpan=2><A title="Capital (political)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(political)">Capital</A></TD> <TD><A title=Seoul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul">Seoul</A> <IMG style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; CURSOR: pointer; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class=noprint title="show location on an interactive map" alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Erioll_world.svg/18px-Erioll_world.svg.png" mapparam="37.583333333333336_127_600_400_en_1_en"><A class="external text" href="http://stable.toolserver.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=South_Korea&params=37_35_N_127_0_E_type:country(100,140)" rel=nofollow>37°35′N 127°0′E / 37.583°N 127°E / 37.583; 127</A></TD></TR> <TR> <TH style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle" colSpan=2><A title="Official language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_language">Official languages</A></TH> <TD><A title="Korean language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language">Korean</A></TD></TR> <TR> <TH colSpan=2><A title=Demonym href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonym">Demonym</A></TH> <TD>South Korean, Korean</TD></TR> <TR> <TH colSpan=2><A title=Government href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government">Government</A></TH> <TD><A title="Presidential system" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_system">Presidential</A> <A title=Republic href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic">republic</A></TD></TR> <TR class=mergedrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em"><A title="President of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_South_Korea">President</A></TD> <TD><A title="Lee Myung-bak" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Myung-bak">Lee Myung-bak</A></TD></TR> <TR class=mergedbottomrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em"><A title="Prime Minister of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea">Prime Minister</A></TD> <TD><A title="Chung Un-chan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chung_Un-chan">Chung Un-chan</A></TD></TR> <TR> <TH colSpan=2><A title=Legislature href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislature">Legislature</A></TH> <TD><A title="National Assembly of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_South_Korea">National Assembly</A></TD></TR> <TR> <TH colSpan=3><A title="History of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_South_Korea">Establishment</A></TH></TR> <TR class=mergedrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em">Founding of <A title=Gojoseon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gojoseon">Gojoseon</A></TD> <TD>2333 BC<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-0">[1]</A> </TD></TR> <TR class=mergedrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em"><A title="Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Annexation_Treaty">Japan’s occupation of Korea</A></TD> <TD>August 29, 1910 </TD></TR> <TR class=mergedrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em"><A title="March 1st Movement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_1st_Movement">Independence declared</A></TD> <TD>March 1, 1919 </TD></TR> <TR class=mergedrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em"><A title="Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea">Provisional Government</A></TD> <TD>April 13, 1919 </TD></TR> <TR class=mergedrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em"><A title="Division of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_of_Korea">Liberation</A></TD> <TD>August 15, 1945 </TD></TR> <TR class=mergedrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em"><A title="Constitution of the Republic of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Korea">Constitution</A></TD> <TD>July 17, 1948 </TD></TR> <TR class=mergedbottomrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em"><A title="History of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_South_Korea#First_Republic">Government Proclaimed</A></TD> <TD>August 15, 1948 </TD></TR> <TR class=mergedtoprow> <TH colSpan=3><A title=Area href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area">Area</A></TH></TR> <TR class=mergedrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em">Total</TD> <TD><A class=mw-redirect title="1 E10 m²" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E10_m%C2%B2">100,140 km2</A> (<A title="List of countries and outlying territories by total area" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_area">108th</A>) 38,622 <A title="Square mile" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_mile">sq mi</A> </TD></TR> <TR class=mergedrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em"><A title=Water href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water">Water</A> (<A class=mw-redirect title=Percent href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent">%</A>)</TD> <TD>0.3</TD></TR> <TR class=mergedtoprow> <TH colSpan=3><A title=Population href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population">Population</A></TH></TR> <TR class=mergedrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em"> estimate</TD> <TD>48,379,392 (<A title="List of countries by population" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population">26th</A>)</TD></TR> <TR class=mergedbottomrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em"><A title="Population density" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density">Density</A></TD> <TD>493/km2 (<A class=mw-redirect title="List of countries by population density" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_density">21st</A>) 1,274/sq mi</TD></TR> <TR class=mergedtoprow> <TD colSpan=2><A title="Gross domestic product" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product">GDP</A> (<A title="Purchasing power parity" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity">PPP</A>)</TD> <TD>2008 estimate</TD></TR> <TR class=mergedrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em">Total</TD> <TD>$1.344 trillion<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-imf2-1">[2]</A> (<A title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)">13th</A>)</TD></TR> <TR class=mergedbottomrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em"><A title="Per capita" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita">Per capita</A></TD> <TD>$27,692<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-imf2-1">[2]</A> (<A title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita">32nd</A>)</TD></TR> <TR class=mergedtoprow> <TD colSpan=2><A title="Gross domestic product" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product">GDP</A> (nominal)</TD> <TD>2008 estimate</TD></TR> <TR class=mergedrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em">Total</TD> <TD>$929.124 billion<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-imf2-1">[2]</A> (<A title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)">15th</A>)</TD></TR> <TR class=mergedbottomrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em"><A title="Per capita" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita">Per capita</A></TD> <TD>$19,136.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-imf2-1">[2]</A> (<A title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita">36th</A>)</TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><A title="Gini coefficient" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient">Gini</A> (2007)</TD> <TD>31.3 (low)<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-ciagini-2">[3]</A> </TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><A title="Human Development Index" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index">HDI</A> (2007)</TD> <TD>▲ 0.937<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-3">[4]</A> (very high) (<A title="List of countries by Human Development Index" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index">26th</A>)</TD></TR> <TR> <TH style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle" colSpan=2><A title=Currency href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency">Currency</A></TH> <TD><A title="South Korean won" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korean_won">South Korean won</A> (₩) (<CODE><A title="ISO 4217" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217">KRW</A></CODE>)</TD></TR> <TR class=mergedtoprow> <TH colSpan=2><A title="Time zone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone">Time zone</A></TH> <TD><A title="Korea Standard Time" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Standard_Time">Korea Standard Time</A> (<A title="Coordinated Universal Time" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time">UTC</A>+9)</TD></TR> <TR class=mergedbottomrow> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.6em; WIDTH: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> - </TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em">Summer (<A title="Daylight saving time" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time">DST</A>)</TD> <TD>not observed (<A title="Coordinated Universal Time" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time">UTC</A>+9)</TD></TR> <TR> <TH colSpan=2><A title="Calendar date" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_date">Date formats</A></TH> <TD>yyyy년 mm월 dd일 yyyy/mm/dd (<A title="Common Era" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Era">CE</A>)</TD></TR> <TR> <TH colSpan=2><A title="Right- and left-hand traffic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-_and_left-hand_traffic">Drives on the</A></TH> <TD>right</TD></TR> <TR> <TH colSpan=2><A title="Country code top-level domain" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain">Internet TLD</A></TH> <TD><A title=.kr href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.kr">.kr</A></TD></TR> <TR> <TH colSpan=2><A title="List of country calling codes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_calling_codes">Calling code</A></TH> <TD>82</TD></TR> <TR style="FONT-SIZE: 80%"> <TD align=right>1</TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em" colSpan=2>Mobile phone system CDMA, WCDMA, HSDPA and WiBro</TD></TR> <TR style="FONT-SIZE: 80%" class=mergedbottomrow> <TD align=right>2</TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em" colSpan=2>Domestic power supply 220V/60 Hz, CEE 7/7 sockets</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK) (<A title="Korean language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language">Korean</A>: 대한민국, pronounced <A title="Wikipedia:IPA for Korean" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Korean">[tɛːhanminɡuk̚]</A>  (<A title="Media:Ko pronunciation of dae-han-min-guk.ogg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media:Ko_pronunciation_of_dae-han-min-guk.ogg"><IMG alt="Speaker Icon.svg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/13px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" width=13 height=13></A> <A class=internal title="Ko pronunciation of dae-han-min-guk.ogg" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Ko_pronunciation_of_dae-han-min-guk.ogg">listen</A>)) and often simply referred to as <A title=Korea href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea">Korea</A>, is a country in <A title="East Asia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia">East Asia</A>, located on the southern half of the <A title="Korean Peninsula" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</A>. It is neighbored by <A title="People's Republic of China" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China">China</A> to the west, <A title=Japan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan">Japan</A> to the east, and <A title="North Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea">North Korea</A> to the north. Its capital is <A title=Seoul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul">Seoul</A>, the second largest <A title="List of metropolitan areas by population" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_by_population">metropolitan city</A> in the world<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-4">[5]</A> and a major <A title="Global city" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_city">global city</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-5">[6]</A> South Korea lies in a <A class=mw-redirect title="Temperate climate" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_climate">temperate climate</A> region with a predominantly mountainous terrain. Its territory covers a total area of 100,032 square kilometers and has a population of over 48 million, making it the third most densely populated (significantly sized) country in the world (after Bangladesh and Taiwan).<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-About_Korea-6">[7]</A> Archaeological findings show that the Korean Peninsula was occupied as early as the <A title="Lower Paleolithic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Paleolithic">Lower Paleolithic period</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-7">[8]</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-8">[9]</A> <A class=mw-redirect title="Korean history" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_history">Korean history</A> begins with the founding of <A title=Gojoseon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gojoseon">Gojoseon</A> in 2333 <A class=mw-redirect title=BCE href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCE">BCE</A> by <A title=Dangun href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangun">Dangun</A>. Following the unification of <A title="Three Kingdoms of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea">Three Kingdoms of Korea</A> under <A title=Silla href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silla">Silla</A> 668 <A title="Common Era" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Era">CE</A>, Korea went through the <A title=Goryeo href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goryeo">Goryeo</A> and <A title="Joseon Dynasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseon_Dynasty">Joseon Dynasty</A> as one nation until the end of the <A title="Korean Empire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Empire">Korean Empire</A> in 1910, when Korea was annexed by <A title=Japan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan">Japan</A>. After <A title="Division of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_of_Korea">liberation and division</A> at the end of World War II, the nation was divided into North and South Korea. The latter was established in 1948 as a <A title=Democracy href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy">democracy</A>. A <A title="Korean War" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War">war</A> between the two Koreas ended in an uneasy cease-fire. During a period of military rule, the <A title="Economy of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_South_Korea">South Korean economy</A> grew significantly, and the country was transformed into a <A title="G-20 major economies" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20_major_economies">major economy</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-9">[10]</A> and a <A title="Democracy Index" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_Index">full democracy</A>. South Korea is a <A title="Presidential system" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_system">presidential</A> <A title=Republic href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic">republic</A> consisting of 16 <A title="Administrative divisions of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Korea">administrative divisions</A> and is a <A title="Developed country" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developed_country">developed country</A> with a high <A title="List of countries by Human Development Index" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index">standard of living</A>. It has the fourth largest economy in Asia and the <A title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)">15th largest</A> in the world. The economy is export-driven, with production focusing on <A title=Electronics href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics">electronics</A>, <A title="Automotive industry" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry">automobiles</A>, <A title=Shipbuilding href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipbuilding">ships</A>, <A class=mw-redirect title=Machinery href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machinery">machinery</A>, <A title=Petrochemical href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrochemical">petrochemicals</A> and <A title=Robotics href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics">robotics</A>. South Korea is a member of the <A title="United Nations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations">United Nations</A>, <A class=mw-redirect title=WTO href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTO">WTO</A>, <A class=mw-redirect title=OECD href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OECD">OECD</A> and <A title="G-20 major economies" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20_major_economies">G-20 major economies</A>. It is also a founding member of <A class=mw-redirect title=APEC href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC">APEC</A> and the <A title="East Asia Summit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia_Summit">East Asia Summit</A>, and a <A title="Major non-NATO ally" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally">major non-NATO ally</A> of the <A title="United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States">United States</A>. More recently, South Korea's <A class=mw-redirect title=Cultural href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural">cultural</A> popularity has increased in Asia and beyond, known as the <A class=mw-redirect title="Korean Wave" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Wave">Korean Wave</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-10">[11]</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-11">[12]</A> <TABLE id=toc class=toc> <TBODY> <TR> <TD> <DIV id=toctitle> <H2>Contents</H2>[<A id=togglelink class=internal href="javascript:toggleToc()">hide</A>]</DIV> <UL> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Government">1 Government</A> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#History">2 History</A> <UL> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Before_division">2.1 Before division</A> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#After_division">2.2 After division</A> </LI></UL> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Foreign_relations">3 Foreign relations</A> <UL> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#United_States">3.1 United States</A> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#China">3.2 China</A> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Japan">3.3 Japan</A> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#North_Korea">3.4 North Korea</A> </LI></UL> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Armed_forces">4 Armed forces</A> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Administrative_divisions">5 Administrative divisions</A> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Geography_and_climate">6 Geography and climate</A> <UL> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Climate">6.1 Climate</A> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Environment">6.2 Environment</A> </LI></UL> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Economy">7 Economy</A> <UL> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#High-tech_industries">7.1 High-tech industries</A> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Transportation_and_energy">7.2 Transportation and energy</A> </LI></UL> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Science_and_technology">8 Science and technology</A> <UL> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Aerospace_research">8.1 Aerospace research</A> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Robotics">8.2 Robotics</A> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Biotechnology">8.3 Biotechnology</A> </LI></UL> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Education">9 Education</A> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Demographics">10 Demographics</A> <UL> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Cities_of_South_Korea">10.1 Cities of South Korea</A> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Religion">10.2 Religion</A> </LI></UL> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Culture">11 Culture</A> <UL> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Entertainment">11.1 Entertainment</A> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Cuisine">11.2 Cuisine</A> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Technology_culture">11.3 Technology culture</A> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Art">11.4 Art</A> <LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Architecture">11.5 Architecture</A> </LI></UL> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Sports">12 Sports</A> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#See_also">13 See also</A> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#Notes">14 Notes</A> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#References">15 References</A> <LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#External_links">16 External links</A> </LI></UL></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <SCRIPT type=text/javascript> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </SCRIPT> <H2>[<A title="Edit section: Government" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=1">edit</A>] Government</H2> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Government of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_South_Korea">Government of South Korea</A></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seoul-National.Assembly-02.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Seoul-National.Assembly-02.jpg/180px-Seoul-National.Assembly-02.jpg" width=180 height=120></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seoul-National.Assembly-02.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>The <A title="National Assembly of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_South_Korea">National Assembly of South Korea</A></DIV></DIV></DIV> Like many democracies,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-12">[13]</A> South Korea's government is divided into three branches: <A title="Executive (government)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_(government)">executive</A>, <A title=Judiciary href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary">judicial</A>, and <A title=Legislature href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislature">legislative</A>. The executive and legislative branches operate primarily at the national level, although various ministries in the executive branch also carry out local functions. Local governments are semi-autonomous, and contain executive and legislative bodies of their own. The judicial branch operates at both the national and local levels. South Korea is a constitutional democracy. The South Korean government's structure is determined by the <A title="Constitution of the Republic of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Korea">Constitution of the Republic of Korea</A>. This document has been revised several times since its first promulgation in 1948 (see <A title="History of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_South_Korea">History of South Korea</A>). However, it has retained many broad characteristics; with the exception of the short-lived <A title="Second Republic of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Republic_of_South_Korea">Second Republic of South Korea</A>, the country has always had a presidential system with an independent chief executive.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-13">[14]</A> South Korea has developed a successful <A title="Liberal democracy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_democracy">liberal democracy</A> since the 1960s and the first direct <A title="Elections in South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_South_Korea">election</A> was held in 1948. The <A title="The World Factbook" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Factbook">CIA World Factbook</A> describes South Korea's democracy as a "fully functioning modern democracy".<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-ciawfb-14">[15]</A> <H2>[<A title="Edit section: History" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=2">edit</A>] History</H2> <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Before division" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=3">edit</A>] Before division</H3> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="History of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Korea">History of Korea</A></DIV> Korea began with the founding of Joseon (The name <A title=Gojoseon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gojoseon">Gojoseon</A> is almost always used to prevent confusion with another Joseon dynasty founded in 14th century; the prefix Go- means 'old' or 'earlier') in 2333 <A class=mw-redirect title=BCE href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCE">BCE</A> by <A title=Dangun href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangun">Dangun</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-koreashistory-15">[16]</A> Gojoseon expanded until it controlled much of the northern Korean peninsula and parts of <A title=Manchuria href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchuria">Manchuria</A>. After numerous wars with the Chinese <A title="Han Dynasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Dynasty">Han Dynasty</A>, Gojoseon disintegrated, leading to the <A title="Proto-Three Kingdoms of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea">Proto-Three Kingdoms of Korea</A> period. In the early centuries of the Common Era, <A class=mw-redirect title="Buyeo Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_Kingdom">Buyeo</A>, <A title=Okjeo href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okjeo">Okjeo</A>, <A title=Dongye href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongye">Dongye</A>, and the <A title=Samhan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samhan">Samhan</A> confederacy occupied the peninsula and southern Manchuria. Of the various small states, <A title=Goguryeo href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeo">Goguryeo</A>, <A title=Baekje href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekje">Baekje</A>, and <A title=Silla href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silla">Silla</A> grew to control the peninsula as <A title="Three Kingdoms of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea">the Three Kingdoms</A>. The unification of the Three Kingdoms by <A title="Unified Silla" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Silla">Silla</A> in 676 led to the <A title="North South States Period" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_South_States_Period">North South States Period</A>, in which much of the Korean peninsula was controlled by <A title="Unified Silla" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Silla">Unified Silla</A>, while <A title=Balhae href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balhae">Balhae</A> succeeded the northern parts of Goguryeo. In <A title="Unified Silla" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Silla">Unified Silla</A>, poetry and art was encouraged, and Buddhist culture flourished. Relationships between Korea and China remained relatively peaceful during this time. However, Unified Silla weakened under internal strife, and surrendered to <A title=Goryeo href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goryeo">Goryeo</A> in 935. <A title=Balhae href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balhae">Balhae</A>, Silla's neighbor to the north, was formed as a successor state to Goguryeo. During its height, Balhae controlled most of Manchuria and parts of Russia. It fell to the <A title="History of the Khitans" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Khitans">Khitan</A> in 926. <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg/180px-Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg" width=180 height=144></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SelectedTeachingsofBuddhistSagesandSonMasters1377.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title=Jikji href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jikji">Jikji</A>, the earliest known book printed with movable metal type in 1377. Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris.</DIV></DIV></DIV> After the North-South Period, successor states fought for control during the <A title="Later Three Kingdoms" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Later_Three_Kingdoms">Later Three Kingdoms</A> period. The peninsula was soon united by <A title="Taejo of Goryeo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taejo_of_Goryeo">Emperor Taejo</A> of <A title=Goryeo href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goryeo">Goryeo</A>. Like Silla, Goryeo was a highly cultural state and created the <A title=Jikji href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jikji">Jikji</A> in 1377, using the world's oldest movable metal <A title="Printing press" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_press">printing press</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-16">[17]</A> The <A title="Mongol invasions of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Korea">Mongol invasions</A> in the 13th century greatly weakened Goryeo. However, Goryeo continued to rule Korea as a tributary ally to the Mongols. After the fall of the <A class=mw-redirect title="Mongolian Empire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_Empire">Mongolian Empire</A>, Goryeo continued its rule. After severe political strife and continued invasions, Goryeo was replaced by the <A title="Joseon Dynasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseon_Dynasty">Joseon Dynasty</A> in 1388 following a rebellion by General <A title="Taejo of Joseon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taejo_of_Joseon">Yi Seong-gye</A>. King Taejo declared the new name of Korea as Joseon in reference to <A title=Gojoseon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gojoseon">Gojoseon</A>, and moved the capital to <A title=Seoul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul">Seoul</A>. The first 200 years of the Joseon Dynasty was marked by relative peace and saw the creation of <A title=Hangul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul">Hangul</A> by <A class=mw-redirect title="Sejong the Great of Joseon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejong_the_Great_of_Joseon">Sejong the Great</A> in the 14th century and the rise and influence of <A title=Confucianism href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism">Confucianism</A>. <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gyeongbok_Palace_main_attraction.png"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gyeongbok_Palace_main_attraction.png/180px-Gyeongbok_Palace_main_attraction.png" width=180 height=120></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gyeongbok_Palace_main_attraction.png"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title=Gyeongbokgung href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongbokgung">Gyeongbok Palace</A> is the largest of the <A class=mw-redirect title="Five Grand Palaces" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Grand_Palaces">Five Grand Palaces</A> built during the <A title="Joseon Dynasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseon_Dynasty">Joseon Dynasty</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV> Between 1592 and 1598, the <A class=mw-redirect title="Japanese invasions of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea">Japanese invaded Korea</A>. <A title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</A> led the forces and tried to invade <A title=Asia href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia">the Asian continent</A> through Korea, but was eventually repelled with action of the <A title="Righteous army" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Righteous_army">Righteous army</A> and assistance from <A title="Ming Dynasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</A> <A title=China href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China">China</A>. This war also saw the rise of the career of Admiral <A title="Yi Sun-sin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_Sun-sin">Yi Sun-sin</A> and his "<A title="Turtle ship" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_ship">turtle ship</A>". In the 1620s and 1630s Joseon suffered <A title="Manchu invasion of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchu_invasion_of_Korea">invasions by the Manchu</A> who eventually also conquered the Chinese <A title="Ming Dynasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</A>. After <A title="Second Manchu invasion of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Manchu_invasion_of_Korea">invasions from Manchuria</A>, Joseon experienced a nearly 200-year period of peace. Especially, <A title="Yeongjo of Joseon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeongjo_of_Joseon">King Yeongjo</A> and <A title="Jeongjo of Joseon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeongjo_of_Joseon">King Jeongjo</A> led a new renaissance of the Joseon dynasty. During the last years of the Joseon Dynasty, Korea's isolationist policy earned it the name the "<A class=mw-redirect title="Hermit Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_Kingdom">Hermit Kingdom</A>", primarily for protection against Western <A title=Imperialism href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialism">imperialism</A> before it was forced to open trade beginning an era leading into <A title="Korea under Japanese rule" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule">Japanese colonial rule</A>. <H3>[<A title="Edit section: After division" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=4">edit</A>] After division</H3> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="History of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_South_Korea">History of South Korea</A></DIV> Despite the initial plan of a unified Korea in the 1943 <A title="Cairo Declaration" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo_Declaration">Cairo Declaration</A>, escalating <A title="Cold War" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War">Cold War</A> antagonism between the US and Soviet Union eventually led to the establishment of two separate governments supported by foreign powers, each with its own ideology, leading to <A title="Division of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_of_Korea">Korea's division</A> into two political entities: <A title="North Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea">North Korea</A> and South Korea. In the North, a former anti-Japanese guerrilla and communist activist, <A title="Kim Il-sung" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Il-sung">Kim Il-sung</A> gained power through political mobilization of Koreans, and in the South, an exiled and right-wing Korean political leader, <A title="Syngman Rhee" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syngman_Rhee">Syngman Rhee</A>, was installed as president. <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 202px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seoul.Olympic.Stadium.01_copy.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Seoul.Olympic.Stadium.01_copy.jpg/200px-Seoul.Olympic.Stadium.01_copy.jpg" width=200 height=150></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seoul.Olympic.Stadium.01_copy.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>The <A class=mw-redirect title="Seoul Olympic Stadium" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_Olympic_Stadium">Seoul Olympic Stadium</A> viewed from the <A title="Han River (Korea)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_River_(Korea)">Han River</A> that celebrated the <A title="1988 Summer Olympics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics">1988 Summer Olympics</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV> On 25 June 1950, North Korea launched an attempt to unify the country by military force which lead to the <A title="Korean War" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War">Korean War</A>. At the time, the Soviet Union had boycotted the <A title="United Nations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations">United Nations</A> (UN), thus forfeiting their veto rights. This allowed the UN to intervene in a civil war when it became apparent that the superior North Korean forces would unify the entire country. The Soviet Union and <A title="People's Republic of China" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China">China</A> backed North Korea, with the later participation of millions of <A title="People's Liberation Army" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army">Chinese troops</A>. After huge advances on both sides, and massive losses among Korean civilians in both the north and the south, the war eventually reached a stalemate. The 1953 armistice, never signed by South Korea, split the peninsula along the <A title="Korean Demilitarized Zone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone">demilitarized zone</A> near the original demarcation line. No peace treaty was signed, resulting in the two countries remaining technically at war. At least 2.5 million people died during the Korean War.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-17">[18]</A> In 1960, <A title="April Revolution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_Revolution">a student uprising</A> led to the resignation of the autocratic President <A title="Syngman Rhee" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syngman_Rhee">Syngman Rhee</A>. A period of political instability followed, broken by General <A title="Park Chung-hee" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Chung-hee">Park Chung-hee</A>'s <A title="Supreme Council for National Reconstruction" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Council_for_National_Reconstruction">military coup</A> (the "5-16 coup d'état") against the weak and ineffectual government the next year. Park took over as president until his assassination in 1979, overseeing rapid <A title="Export-oriented industrialization" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Export-oriented_industrialization">export-led economic growth</A> as well as severe political repression. Park was heavily criticised as a ruthless military dictator, although the Korean economy developed significantly during his tenure. The years after Park's assassination were marked again by considerable political turmoil as the previously repressed opposition leaders all campaigned to run for president in the sudden political void. In 1980 there was another <A title="Coup d'état" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat">coup d'état</A> by General <A title="Chun Doo-hwan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chun_Doo-hwan">Chun Doo-hwan</A> against the transitional government of Choi Gyu Ha, the interim president and a former prime minister under Park. Chun assumed the presidency. His <A title="Coup d'état of December Twelfth" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_December_Twelfth">seizure of power</A> triggered nationwide protests demanding <A title=Democracy href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy">democracy</A>, in particular in the city of Gwangju, in <A title=Jeollanam-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeollanam-do">Jeollanam-do</A>, where Chun sent special forces to violently suppress the <A title="Gwangju Democratization Movement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangju_Democratization_Movement">Gwangju Democratization Movement</A>. <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 202px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Inside_Seoul_World_Cup_Stadium.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Inside_Seoul_World_Cup_Stadium.jpg/200px-Inside_Seoul_World_Cup_Stadium.jpg" width=200 height=78></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Inside_Seoul_World_Cup_Stadium.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>View of the <A title="Seoul World Cup Stadium" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_World_Cup_Stadium">Seoul World Cup Stadium</A> used during the <A title="2002 FIFA World Cup" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup">2002 FIFA World Cup</A> co-hosted by South Korea and Japan.</DIV></DIV></DIV> Until 1987, Chun and his government held Korea under a despotic rule when Park Jong Chul—a student attending <A title="Seoul National University" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_National_University">Seoul National University</A>—was tortured to death. On 10 June, the Catholic Priests' Association for Justice revealed Park's torture, igniting huge demonstrations around the country. Eventually, Chun's party, the <A title="Democratic Justice Party" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Justice_Party">Democratic Justice Party</A>, and its leader, <A title="Roh Tae-woo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roh_Tae-woo">Roh Tae-woo</A> announced the June 29th Declaration, which included the direct election of the president. Roh went on to win the election by a narrow margin against the two main opposition leaders, <A class=mw-redirect title="Kim Dae-Jung" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Dae-Jung">Kim Dae-Jung</A> and <A class=mw-redirect title="Kim Young-Sam" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Young-Sam">Kim Young-Sam</A>. <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 202px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gangnampicturefromtheoffice.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gangnampicturefromtheoffice.jpg/200px-Gangnampicturefromtheoffice.jpg" width=200 height=118></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gangnampicturefromtheoffice.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>View of <A title=Seoul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul">Seoul</A>'s <A title=Gangnam-gu href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangnam-gu">Gangnam</A> district today. South Korea's economic success is often called the <A title="Miracle on the Han River" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle_on_the_Han_River">Miracle on the Han River</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV> In 1988, Seoul successfully hosted the <A title="1988 Summer Olympics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics">1988 Summer Olympics</A>, and continuing economic development led to membership in the <A title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</A> (OECD) in 1996. As with many of its Asian neighbors, South Korea was adversely affected by the <A title="1997 Asian Financial Crisis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Asian_Financial_Crisis">1997 Asian Financial Crisis</A>, however the country was able to recover and continue its economic growth. In June 2000, as part of president Kim Dae-Jung's <A title="Sunshine Policy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshine_Policy">Sunshine Policy</A>' of engagement, a <A title="Inter-Korean Summit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Korean_Summit">North-South summit</A> took place in <A title=Pyongyang href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongyang">Pyongyang</A>, the capital of North Korea. Later that year, Kim received the <A title="Nobel Peace Prize" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</A> "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular."<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-18">[19]</A> In 2002, South Korea and Japan jointly co-hosted the <A title="2002 FIFA World Cup" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup">2002 FIFA World Cup</A>, however <A title="Japan–Korea relations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_relations">South Korean and Japanese relations</A> later <A title="Japan–Korea disputes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_disputes">soured</A> due to conflicting claims of <A title=Sovereignty href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereignty">sovereignty</A> over the <A title="Liancourt Rocks" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks">Liancourt Rocks</A> (known as Dokdo in Korea and Takeshima in Japan), in what became known as the <A title="Liancourt Rocks dispute" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks_dispute">Liancourt Rocks dispute</A>. <H2>[<A title="Edit section: Foreign relations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=5">edit</A>] Foreign relations</H2> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Foreign relations of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Korea">Foreign relations of South Korea</A></DIV> South Korea maintains diplomatic relations with approximately 170 countries. The country has also been a member of the <A title="United Nations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations">United Nations</A> since 1991, when it became a member state at the same time as North Korea. On January 1, 2007, South Korean Foreign Minister <A title="Ban Ki-moon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</A> assumed the post of <A class=mw-redirect title="United Nations Secretary-General" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Secretary-General">UN Secretary-General</A>. It has also developed links with the <A class=mw-redirect title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</A> as both a member of ASEAN Plus three, a body of observers, and the <A title="East Asia Summit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia_Summit">East Asia Summit</A> (EAS). Beginning in May 2007, South Korea and the <A title="European Union" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union">European Union</A> are negotiating a <A title="European Union-Korea Free Trade Agreement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union-Korea_Free_Trade_Agreement">free trade agreement</A> to reduce trade barriers.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-19">[20]</A> South Korea is also negotiating a Free Trade Agreement with <A title=Canada href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada">Canada</A>,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-20">[21]</A> and another with <A title="New Zealand" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand">New Zealand</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-21">[22]</A> <H3>[<A title="Edit section: United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=6">edit</A>] United States</H3> <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bushes_greet_South_Korean_President_Lee_Myung-bak.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Bushes_greet_South_Korean_President_Lee_Myung-bak.jpg/180px-Bushes_greet_South_Korean_President_Lee_Myung-bak.jpg" width=180 height=132></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bushes_greet_South_Korean_President_Lee_Myung-bak.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title="President of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_South_Korea">President of South Korea</A> <A title="Lee Myung-bak" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Myung-bak">Lee Myung-bak</A>, with former <A title="President of the United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States">U.S. President</A> <A title="George W. Bush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush">George W. Bush</A></DIV></DIV></DIV> The United States engaged in the decolonization of Korea (mainly South, Soviet Union engaged North Korea) from Japan after World War II. After 3 years of military administration by the United States, the South Korean government was established. Upon the onset of the Korean War, the United States Military was sent to South Korea to defend against the invasion by North Korea and later China. Since then, the two nations have had strong economic, diplomatic and military ties, although they have at times disagreed with regards to policies towards North Korea. Currently, the <A class=mw-redirect title="US Eighth Army" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Eighth_Army">U.S. Eighth Army</A>, <A title="Seventh Air Force" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force">Seventh Air Force</A> and <A title="Commander Naval Forces Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commander_Naval_Forces_Korea">U.S. Naval Forces Korea</A> are stationed in South Korea. <H3>[<A title="Edit section: China" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=7">edit</A>] China</H3> Historically, Korea has had relatively close relations with the <A title="Republic of China" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China">Republic of China</A>. Before the formation of South Korea, Korean independence fighters worked with Chinese soldiers during the Japanese occupation. However, after <A title="World War II" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II">World War II</A>, the <A title="People's Republic of China" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China">People's Republic of China</A> embraced <A title=Maoism href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoism">Maoism</A> while South Korea fell under the influence of the United States. The PRC assisted North Korea with manpower and supplies during the <A title="Korean War" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War">Korean War</A>, and in its aftermath the diplomatic relationship between South Korea and the PRC almost completely ceased. Relations thawed gradually and South Korea and the PRC re-established formal diplomatic relations on August 24, 1992. The two countries sought to improve bilateral relations and lifted the forty-year old trade embargo, and<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-autogenerated2-22">[23]</A> South Korean-Chinese relations have improved steadily since 1992.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-autogenerated2-22">[23]</A> The Republic of Korea broke off official relations with the <A title="Republic of China" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China">Republic of China</A> upon gaining official relations with the People's Republic. <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Japan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=8">edit</A>] Japan</H3> <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dokdo_20080628-panorama.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Dokdo_20080628-panorama.jpg/180px-Dokdo_20080628-panorama.jpg" width=180 height=69></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dokdo_20080628-panorama.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title="Liancourt Rocks" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks">Liancourt Rocks</A> has become an issue known as the <A title="Liancourt Rocks dispute" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks_dispute">Liancourt Rocks dispute</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV> Although there were no formal diplomatic ties between South Korea and Japan after the end of World War II, South Korea and Japan signed the <A title="Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_on_Basic_Relations_between_Japan_and_the_Republic_of_Korea">Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea</A> in 1965 to establish diplomatic ties. There is heavy <A title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_Korea">anti-Japanese sentiment in South Korea</A> due to a number of unsettled <A class=mw-redirect title="Japanese-Korean disputes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese-Korean_disputes">Japanese-Korean disputes</A>, many of which stem from the period of <A title="Korea under Japanese rule" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule">Japanese occupation</A>. During <A title="World War II" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II">World War II</A>, more than 100,000 Koreans were forced to serve in the <A title="Imperial Japanese Army" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army">Imperial Japanese Army</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-23">[24]</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-24">[25]</A> Korean women were lured to the war front to serve the Imperial Japanese Army as sexual slaves, called <A title="Comfort women" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comfort_women">comfort women</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-25">[26]</A><A class="external autonumber" href="http://www.comfort-women.org/index.php" rel=nofollow>[3]</A> Longstanding issues such as <A title="Japanese war crimes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes">Japanese war crimes</A> against Korean civilians, the visits by Japanese politicians to the <A title="Yasukuni Shrine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasukuni_Shrine">Yasukuni Shrine</A> honoring Japanese soldiers killed at war (including some class A war criminals), the re-writing of <A title="Japanese history textbook controversies" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_history_textbook_controversies">Japanese textbooks</A> to overlook Japanese aggression during World War II, and the territorial disputes over <A class=mw-redirect title="Dokdo Island" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokdo_Island">Dokdo Island</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-26">[27]</A> continue to trouble Korean-Japanese relations. In response to then-<A title="Prime Minister of Japan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan">Prime Minister</A> <A title="Junichiro Koizumi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junichiro_Koizumi">Junichiro Koizumi</A>'s repeated visits to the Yasukuni Shrine, former <A title="President of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_South_Korea">President</A> Roh Moo-hyun suspended all summit talks between South Korea and Japan. Japan sent much aid to support development of South Korea after the war, but the amount of compensation for colonial suffering was questioned for its legitimacy. The amount of money they paid and the method of distribution to the individual caused protest among those people who suffered from forced labor and abuse.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-27">[28]</A> <H3>[<A title="Edit section: North Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=9">edit</A>] North Korea</H3> Both <A title="North Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea">North</A> and South Korea continue to officially claim sovereignty over the entire peninsula and any outlying islands. With longstanding animosity following the <A title="Korean War" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War">Korean War</A> from 1950 to 1953, North Korea and South Korea signed an agreement to pursue peace.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-autogenerated4-28">[29]</A> On October 4, 2007, Roh Moo-Hyun and North Korean leader <A title="Kim Jong-il" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong-il">Kim Jong-il</A> signed an eight-point agreement on issues of permanent peace, high-level talks, economic cooperation, renewal of train services, highway and air travel, and a joint Olympic cheering squad.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-autogenerated4-28">[29]</A> Despite the Sunshine Policy and efforts at reconciliation, the progress was complicated by <A title="North Korean missile tests" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korean_missile_tests">North Korean missile tests</A> in <A title="1993 North Korean missile test" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_North_Korean_missile_test">1993</A>, <A class=mw-redirect title="1998 North Korean missile test" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_North_Korean_missile_test">1998</A>, <A title="2006 North Korean nuclear test" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test">2006</A> and 2009. As of mid 2009<A class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit" rel=nofollow>[update]</A>, relationships between North and South Korea are very tense; North Korea has been reported to have deployed missiles,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-29">[30]</A> ended its former agreements with South Korea,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-30">[31]</A> and threatened South Korea and the United States not to interfere with a satellite launch it had planned.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-31">[32]</A> As of 2009, North and South Korea are still technically at war (having never signed an armistice after the Korean War) and share the world’s most heavily fortified border.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-32">[33]</A> On May 27, 2009, North Korea declared that the ceasefire treaty, signed post Korean War, is no longer valid due to the South Korean government's pledge to "definitely join" the <A title="Proliferation Security Initiative" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proliferation_Security_Initiative">Proliferation Security Initiative</A>. <H2>[<A title="Edit section: Armed forces" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=10">edit</A>] Armed forces</H2> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A class=mw-redirect title="Military of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_South_Korea">Military of South Korea</A></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:070328-M-3378S-004.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/070328-M-3378S-004.jpg/180px-070328-M-3378S-004.jpg" width=180 height=129></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:070328-M-3378S-004.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>ROK Amphibious Task Force conducts amphibious landing</DIV></DIV></DIV> A history of domination by its neighbors and unresolved tension with North Korea have prompted South Korea to pump 2.6% of its GDP and 15% of all government spending into its military, while maintaining compulsory conscription for men. <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-33">[34]</A> Consequently, South Korea has the world's sixth largest number of <A class=mw-redirect title="List of countries by number of total troops" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_total_troops">active troops</A>,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-South_Korea-34">[35]</A> the world's second-largest number of <A class=mw-redirect title="List of countries by size of armed forces" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_size_of_armed_forces">reserve troops</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-South_Korea-34">[35]</A> and the twelfth largest <A title="List of countries by military expenditures" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures">defence budget</A>. The South Korean military consists of the <A title="Republic of Korea Army" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Army">Army</A> (ROKA), the <A title="Republic of Korea Navy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Navy">Navy</A> (ROKN), the <A title="Republic of Korea Air Force" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Air_Force">Air Force</A> (ROKAF), and the <A title="Republic of Korea Marine Corps" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Marine_Corps">Marine Corps</A> (ROKMC), and reserve forces.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-35">[36]</A> Many of these forces are concentrated near the <A title="Korean Demilitarized Zone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone">Korean Demilitarized Zone</A>. All South Korean males are constitutionally required to serve in the military, typically for a period of two years. However, there have been debates about shortening the length of the military services, and even dismissing the mandatory service itself. The government recently allowed some male students who were in the process of earning a university bachelor's degree and master's degree to dismiss the military requirements to allow them to further study and research their fields. Furthermore, Koreans of mixed race are exempt from military duty if they "look distinctively biracial".<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-36">[37]</A> The <A class=mw-redirect title="South Korean army" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korean_army">South Korean army</A> has 2,300 <A title=Tank href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank">tanks</A> in operation,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-37">[38]</A> including the <A class=mw-redirect title=K1A1 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K1A1">K1A1</A> and <A title="K2 Black Panther" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K2_Black_Panther">K2 Black Panther</A>. The <A title="Republic of Korea Navy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Navy">South Korean navy</A> has the world's sixth largest fleet of <A title=Destroyer href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destroyer">destroyers</A>, including the <A title="King Sejong the Great class destroyer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Sejong_the_Great_class_destroyer">King Sejong the Great class destroyer</A>, which has an <A class=mw-redirect title="Aegis combat system" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegis_combat_system">Aegis guided missile</A> system.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-38">[39]</A>. The <A class=mw-redirect title="Republic of Korea Airforce" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Airforce">South Korean airforce</A> operates the ninth largest airforce in the world,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-39">[40]</A> including <A title="United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States">American</A> fighters such as the <A class=mw-redirect title=F-15K href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-15K">F-15K</A>, <A class=mw-redirect title=KF-16 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KF-16">KF-16</A>, and the indigenous <A title="T-50 Golden Eagle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-50_Golden_Eagle">T-50 Golden Eagle</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-40">[41]</A> <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ROKS_Sejong_the_Great_(DDG_991).jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/ROKS_Sejong_the_Great_%28DDG_991%29.jpg/180px-ROKS_Sejong_the_Great_%28DDG_991%29.jpg" width=180 height=140></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ROKS_Sejong_the_Great_(DDG_991).jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title="Republic of Korea Navy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Navy">ROKN</A> guided-missile destroyer Sejong the Great (DDG 991)</DIV></DIV></DIV> From time to time, South Korea has sent its troops overseas to assist American forces. It has participated in most major conflicts that the United States has been involved in the past 50 years. South Korea dispatched 32,000 troops to fight alongside American, <A title=Australia href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia">Australian</A>, <A title=Philippines href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines">Filipino</A>, <A title="New Zealand" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand">New Zealand</A> and <A title="South Vietnam" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnam">South Vietnamese</A> soldiers in the <A title="Vietnam War" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War">Vietnam War</A>, with a peak strength of 50,000. Most recently, South Korea sent 3,300 troops of the <A title="Zaytun Division" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaytun_Division">Zaytun Division</A> to help re-building in northern <A title=Iraq href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq">Iraq</A>, and was the 3rd largest contributor in the <A class=mw-redirect title="Multinational force in Iraq" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_force_in_Iraq">coalition forces</A> after only the US and Britain.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-41">[42]</A> The United States has stationed a substantial contingent of <A title=Troop href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troop">troops</A> in South Korea since the <A title="Korean War" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War">Korean War</A> to defend South Korea in case of a North Korean attack. There are also approximately 29,000 <A title="United States Forces Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Forces_Korea">U.S. Military personnel stationed in Korea</A>,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-42">[43]</A> most of them serving one year of unaccompanied tours. The American troops, which primarily are assigned to the <A title="Eighth United States Army" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_United_States_Army">Eighth United States Army</A> are stationed in installations at <A title=Osan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osan">Osan</A>, Yongsan, <A title=Dongducheon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongducheon">Dongducheon</A>, Sungbuk, and <A title=Daegu href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daegu">Daegu</A>. A still functioning <A title="United Nations Command (Korea)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Command_(Korea)">UN Command</A> is technically the top of the <A title="Chain of command" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_of_command">chain of command</A> of all forces in South Korea, including the US forces and the entire South Korean military. Although, if a sudden escalation of war between North and South Korea were to occur, as of currently, the United States would assume control of the South Korean Army in all military and paramilitary moves. However, in September 2006, the Presidents of the United States and the Republic of Korea agreed that South Korea should assume the lead for its own defense. In early 2007, the U.S. Secretary of Defense and ROK Minister of National Defense determined that South Korea will assume wartime operational control of its forces on April 17, 2012. U.S. Forces Korea will transform into a new jointwarfighting command, provisionally described as Korea Command (KORCOM).<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-43">[44]</A> <H2>[<A title="Edit section: Administrative divisions" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=11">edit</A>] Administrative divisions</H2> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Administrative divisions of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Korea">Administrative divisions of South Korea</A></DIV> <DL> <DD>See also <A title="Special cities of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_cities_of_Korea">Special cities of Korea</A> and <A title="Provinces of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Korea">Provinces of Korea</A> </DD></DL> <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 202px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Provinces_of_South_Korea.svg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Provinces_of_South_Korea.svg/200px-Provinces_of_South_Korea.svg.png" width=200 height=300></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Provinces_of_South_Korea.svg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>Principal divisions of South Korea</DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 202px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Southkoreamap.png"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Southkoreamap.png/200px-Southkoreamap.png" width=200 height=196></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Southkoreamap.png"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>General map of South Korea</DIV></DIV></DIV> The major administrative divisions in South Korea are provinces, metropolitan cities (self-governing cities that are not part of any province), and one special city. <CENTER> <TABLE class=wikitable> <TBODY> <TR> <TH></TH> <TH>Namea</TH> <TH><A title=Hangul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul">hangul</A></TH> <TH><A title=Hanja href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja">hanja</A></TH> <TH><A title=Population href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population">population</A></TH></TR> <TR> <TH colSpan=5>Special cities (Teukbyeolsi)a</TH></TR> <TR> <TD>1</TD> <TD><A title=Seoul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul">Seoul (Special City)</A></TD> <TD>서울특별시</TD> <TD>서울特別市</TD> <TD>10,421,782</TD></TR> <TR> <TH colSpan=32>Metropolitan cities (Gwangyeoksi)a</TH></TR> <TR> <TD>2</TD> <TD><A title=Busan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan">Busan</A></TD> <TD>부산광역시</TD> <TD>釜山廣域市</TD> <TD>3,635,389</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>3</TD> <TD><A title=Incheon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheon">Incheon</A></TD> <TD>인천광역시</TD> <TD>仁川廣域市</TD> <TD>2,628,000</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>4</TD> <TD><A title=Daegu href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daegu">Daegu</A></TD> <TD>대구광역시</TD> <TD>大邱廣域市</TD> <TD>2,512,604</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>5</TD> <TD><A title=Gwangju href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangju">Gwangju</A></TD> <TD>광주광역시</TD> <TD>光州廣域市</TD> <TD>1,415,953</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>6</TD> <TD><A title=Daejeon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daejeon">Daejeon</A></TD> <TD>대전광역시</TD> <TD>大田廣域市</TD> <TD>1,442,857</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>7</TD> <TD><A title=Ulsan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulsan">Ulsan</A></TD> <TD>울산광역시</TD> <TD>蔚山廣域市</TD> <TD>1,087,958</TD></TR> <TR> <TH colSpan=5>Provinces (Do)a</TH></TR> <TR> <TD>8</TD> <TD><A title=Gyeonggi-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeonggi-do">Gyeonggi-do</A></TD> <TD>경기도</TD> <TD>京畿道</TD> <TD>10,415,399</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>9</TD> <TD><A title="Gangwon-do (South Korea)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangwon-do_(South_Korea)">Gangwon-do</A></TD> <TD>강원도</TD> <TD>江原道</TD> <TD>1,592,000</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>10</TD> <TD><A title=Chungcheongbuk-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chungcheongbuk-do">Chungcheongbuk-do</A> (Northern Chungcheong)</TD> <TD>충청북도</TD> <TD>忠淸北道</TD> <TD>1,462,621</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>11</TD> <TD><A title=Chungcheongnam-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chungcheongnam-do">Chungcheongnam-do</A> (Southern Chungcheong)</TD> <TD>충청남도</TD> <TD>忠淸南道</TD> <TD>1,840,410</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>12</TD> <TD><A title=Jeollabuk-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeollabuk-do">Jeollabuk-do</A> (Northern Jeolla)</TD> <TD>전라북도</TD> <TD>全羅北道</TD> <TD>1,890,669</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>13</TD> <TD><A title=Jeollanam-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeollanam-do">Jeollanam-do</A> (Southern Jeolla)</TD> <TD>전라남도</TD> <TD>全羅南道</TD> <TD>1,994,287</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>14</TD> <TD><A title=Gyeongsangbuk-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongsangbuk-do">Gyeongsangbuk-do</A> (Northern Gyeongsang)</TD> <TD>경상북도</TD> <TD>慶尙北道</TD> <TD>2,775,890</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>15</TD> <TD><A title=Gyeongsangnam-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongsangnam-do">Gyeongsangnam-do</A> (Southern Gyeongsang)</TD> <TD>경상남도</TD> <TD>慶尙南道</TD> <TD>2,970,929</TD></TR> <TR> <TH colSpan=5>Special self-governing province (Teukbyeoljachi-do)a</TH></TR> <TR> <TD>16</TD> <TD><A title=Jeju-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju-do">Jeju-teukbyeoljachido</A></TD> <TD>제주특별자치도</TD> <TD>濟州特別自治道</TD> <TD>560,000</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></CENTER> a <A class=mw-redirect title="Revised Romanisation of Korean" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Romanisation_of_Korean">Revised Romanisation</A>. <H2>[<A title="Edit section: Geography and climate" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=12">edit</A>] Geography and climate</H2> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Geography of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_South_Korea">Geography of South Korea</A></DIV> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="National parks of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_parks_of_South_Korea">National parks of South Korea</A></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_Korea_Topography.png"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/South_Korea_Topography.png/180px-South_Korea_Topography.png" width=180 height=209></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_Korea_Topography.png"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title=Topography href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topography">Topography</A> of South Korea</DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Boseong-Green.tea-09.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Korea-Boseong-Green.tea-09.jpg/180px-Korea-Boseong-Green.tea-09.jpg" width=180 height=120></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Boseong-Green.tea-09.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title=Boseong href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boseong">Boseong</A> tea field.</DIV></DIV></DIV> South Korea occupies the southern portion of the <A title="Korean Peninsula" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</A>, which extends some 680 miles (1,100 km) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the <A title="Yellow Sea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Sea">Yellow Sea</A> to the west, and the <A title="Sea of Japan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_of_Japan">Sea of Japan</A> (East Sea) to the east. Its southern tip lies on the <A title="Korea Strait" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Strait">Korea Strait</A> and the <A title="East China Sea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_China_Sea">East China Sea</A>. The country's total area is 38,622.57 square miles (100,032.00 km2).<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-44">[45]</A> South Korea can be divided into four general regions: an eastern region of high mountain ranges and narrow <A class=mw-redirect title="Coastal plains" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plains">coastal plains</A>; a western region of broad coastal plains, <A title="Drainage basin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin">river basins</A>, and rolling hills; a southwestern region of mountains and valleys; and a southeastern region dominated by the broad basin of the <A title="Nakdong River" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakdong_River">Nakdong River</A>. South Korea's terrain is mostly mountainous, most of which is not <A title="Arable land" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_land">arable</A>. <A title=Lowland href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowland">Lowlands</A>, located primarily in the west and southeast, constitute only 30% of the total land area. About three thousand islands, mostly small and uninhabited, lie off the western and southern coasts of South Korea. <A title=Jeju-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju-do">Jeju-do</A> is located about 100 kilometers (about 60 mi) off the southern coast of South Korea. It is the country's largest island, with an area of 1,845 square kilometres (712 sq mi). Jeju is also the site of South Korea's highest point: <A title=Hallasan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallasan">Hallasan</A>, an extinct <A title=Volcano href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano">volcano</A>, reaches 1,950 meters (6,398 ft) above sea level. The most eastern islands of South Korea include <A title=Ulleungdo href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulleungdo">Ulleungdo</A> and <A title="Liancourt Rocks" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks">Liancourt Rocks</A> (Dokdo in Korean), while <A title=Marado href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marado">Marado</A> and <A title="Socotra Rock" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socotra_Rock">Socotra Rock</A> are the southernmost islands of South Korea. South Korea has 20 national parks and some popular nature places like <A title=Boseong href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boseong">Boseong</A> Tea Field, <A title="Suncheon Ecological Park" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suncheon_Ecological_Park">Suncheon Bay Ecological Park</A> in <A class=mw-redirect title="South Jeolla" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Jeolla">South Jeolla</A> province. <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Climate" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=13">edit</A>] Climate</H3> <TABLE style="BORDER-BOTTOM: silver 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center; BORDER-LEFT: silver 1px solid; WIDTH: 19.5em; FLOAT: right; CLEAR: right; BORDER-TOP: silver 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: silver 1px solid" class=infobox cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TH colSpan=12>Seoul</TH></TR> <TR> <TH style="FONT-SIZE: 90%" colSpan=12>Climate chart</TH></TR> <TR> <TD> <TABLE style="BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none; TEXT-ALIGN: center; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: none; MARGIN: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-TOP-STYLE: none; FLOAT: right; CLEAR: right; FONT-SIZE: 90%; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: none" class=infobox cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>J</TD> <TD>F</TD> <TD>M</TD> <TD>A</TD> <TD>M</TD> <TD>J</TD> <TD>J</TD> <TD>A</TD> <TD>S</TD> <TD>O</TD> <TD>N</TD> <TD>D</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: -1px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 0.46em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">23</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 6.58em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.58em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 8.16em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">1</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 5.08em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">-7</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: -1px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 0.5em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">25</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 7em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.6em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 8.6em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">3</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 5.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">-5</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: -1px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 0.94em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">47</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 8em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 2em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 10em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">10</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 6.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">0</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: -1px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 1.88em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">94</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 9.4em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 2em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 11.4em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">17</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 7.9em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">7</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: -1px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 1.84em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">92</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 10.6em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 2em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 12.6em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">23</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 9.1em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">13</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: -1px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 2.68em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">134</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 11.4em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.8em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 13.2em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">26</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 9.9em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">17</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: -1px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 7.38em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">369</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 12.4em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.4em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 13.8em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">29</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 10.9em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">22</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: -1px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 5.88em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">294</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 12.4em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.6em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 14em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">30</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 10.9em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">22</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: -1px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 3.38em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">169</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 11.4em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.8em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 13.2em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">26</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 9.9em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">17</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: -1px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 1em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">50</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 10em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 2em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 12em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">20</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 8.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">10</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: -1px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 1.06em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">53</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 8.6em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.6em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 10.2em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">11</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 7.1em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">3</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: -1px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 0.42em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">21</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 7.2em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.6em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 8.8em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">4</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: right; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 5.7em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: -0.4em">-4</DIV></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; COLOR: red; PADDING-TOP: 2px" colSpan=12>average max. and min. temperatures in °C</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 2px" colSpan=12>precipitation totals in mm</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; PADDING-TOP: 2px" colSpan=12>source: <A class="external text" href="http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/k/KO47108.html" rel=nofollow>climate-charts.com</A></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=12> <DIV style="BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: none; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-TOP-STYLE: none; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: none" id=NavFrame1 class="NavFrame collapsed"> <DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; FONT-WEIGHT: bold" class=NavHead>Imperial conversion<A id=NavToggle1 class=NavToggle href="javascript:toggleNavigationBar(1);">[show]</A></DIV> <DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; DISPLAY: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal" class=NavContent> <TABLE style="BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none; TEXT-ALIGN: center; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: none; MARGIN: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-TOP-STYLE: none; FLOAT: right; CLEAR: right; FONT-SIZE: 90%; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: none" class=infobox cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD>J</TD> <TD>F</TD> <TD>M</TD> <TD>A</TD> <TD>M</TD> <TD>J</TD> <TD>J</TD> <TD>A</TD> <TD>S</TD> <TD>O</TD> <TD>N</TD> <TD>D</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 0.46em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">0.9</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 6.58em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.58em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 8.16em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">33</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 5.08em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">19</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 0.5em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">1</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 7em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.6em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 8.6em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">37</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 5.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">23</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 0.94em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">1.9</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 8em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 2em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 10em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">50</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 6.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">32</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 1.88em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">3.7</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 9.4em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 2em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 11.4em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">63</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 7.9em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">45</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 1.84em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">3.6</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 10.6em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 2em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 12.6em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">73</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 9.1em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">55</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 2.68em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">5.3</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 11.4em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.8em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 13.2em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">79</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 9.9em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">63</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 7.38em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">15</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 12.4em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.4em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 13.8em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">84</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 10.9em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">72</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 5.88em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">12</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 12.4em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.6em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 14em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">86</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 10.9em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">72</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 3.38em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">6.7</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 11.4em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.8em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 13.2em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">79</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 9.9em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">63</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 1em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">2</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 10em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 2em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 12em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">68</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 8.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">50</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 1.06em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">2.1</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 8.6em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.6em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 10.2em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">52</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 7.1em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">37</DIV></DIV></TD> <TD> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 100; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 17em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 1; BORDER-BOTTOM: #abc 1px dotted; POSITION: absolute; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 6em; BORDER-TOP: #cba 1px dotted; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LEFT: 0px"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 3; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 1.2em; BOTTOM: 2em; BACKGROUND: #ace; HEIGHT: 0.42em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.2em"> </DIV> <DIV style="POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: blue; LEFT: 0px">0.8</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 0.8em; BOTTOM: 7.2em; BACKGROUND: #e44; HEIGHT: 1.6em; OVERFLOW: hidden; LEFT: 0.4em"> </DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 8.8em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">39</DIV> <DIV style="Z-INDEX: 4; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 1.6em; BOTTOM: 5.7em; HEIGHT: 1.5em; COLOR: red; LEFT: 0px">25</DIV></DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; COLOR: red; PADDING-TOP: 2px" colSpan=12>average max. and min. temperatures in °F</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 2px" colSpan=12>precipitation totals in inches</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> South Korea has a <A title="Humid continental climate" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_continental_climate">humid continental climate</A> and a <A title="Humid subtropical climate" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate">humid subtropical climate</A>, and is affected by the <A title="East Asian monsoon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_monsoon">East Asian monsoon</A>, with <A title="Precipitation (meteorology)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)">precipitation</A> heavier in summer during a short rainy season called <A title="East Asian rainy season" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_rainy_season">jangma</A> (<A class=extiw title=ko:장마 href="http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%A7%88">장마</A>), which begins end of June through the end of July. Winters can be cold: in Seoul, the average January temperature range is −7 °<A title=Celsius href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius">C</A> to 1 °C (19 °<A title=Fahrenheit href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit">F</A> to 33 °F), and the average August temperature range is 22 °C to 30 °C (71 °F to 86 °F). Winter temperatures are higher along the southern coast and considerably lower in the mountainous interior. Rainfall is concentrated in the summer months of June through September. The southern coast is subject to late summer <A title="Tropical cyclone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone">typhoons</A> that bring strong winds and heavy rains. The average annual <A title="Precipitation (meteorology)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)">precipitation</A> varies from 1,370 millimeters (54 <A title=Inch href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inch">inches</A>) in Seoul to 1,470 millimeters (58 inches) in <A title=Busan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan">Busan</A>. There are occasional typhoons that bring high winds and floods. <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Environment" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=14">edit</A>] Environment</H3> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Environment of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_of_South_Korea">Environment of South Korea</A></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg/180px-Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg" width=180 height=109></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Seoul-Cheonggyecheon-2008-01.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title=Cheonggyecheon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheonggyecheon">Cheonggyecheon</A>, a stream running through Seoul, was restored after being paved over for a motorway.</DIV></DIV></DIV> During the first 20 years of South Korea's growth surge, little effort was made to preserve the environment.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-74.125.155.132-45">[46]</A> Unchecked industrialization has resulted in deforestation and the ongoing destruction of wetlands such as the Songdo Tidal Flat.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-46">[47]</A> However, there have been recent efforts to balance these problems, including a government run $84 billion five-year <A title="Green growth" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_growth">green growth</A> project that aims to boost energy efficiency and green technology.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-uk.news.yahoo.com-47">[48]</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-48">[49]</A> The Green based economic strategy is a comprehensive overhaul of South Korea’s economy, equaling at nearly two percent of the national GDP.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-uk.news.yahoo.com-47">[48]</A> The initiative includes greening such as a nation wide bike network, solar and wind energy, lowering oil dependent vehicles, backing daylight savings and extensive usage of environmentally friendly technologies such as LED in electronics and lighting.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-49">[50]</A> The country, already the world's most wired plans to build a nation wide next generation internet 10 times faster than broadband to reduce energy usage.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-50">[51]</A> The Seoul's <A title="Tap water" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_water">tap water</A> recently became safe to drink, with city offials branding it "Arisu" in a bid to convince the public.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-51">[52]</A> Efforts have also been made with <A title=Afforestation href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afforestation">afforestation</A> projects. Another multi-billion dollar project was the restoration of <A title=Cheonggyecheon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheonggyecheon">Cheonggyecheon</A>, a stream running through central Seoul that had earlier been paved over by a motorway.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-52">[53]</A>) One major challenge is air quality, with acid rain, sulphur oxides and annual yellow dust storms being particular problems.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-74.125.155.132-45">[46]</A> It is acknowledged that much of these difficulties are a result of South Korea's proximity to China, which is a major air polluter.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-74.125.155.132-45">[46]</A> South Korea is a member of <A title="Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_on_Environmental_Protection_to_the_Antarctic_Treaty">Antarctic-Environmental Protocol</A>, <A title="Antarctic Treaty System" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System">Antarctic Treaty</A>, <A title="Convention on Biological Diversity" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_Biological_Diversity">Biodiversity Treaty</A>, <A title="Kyoto Protocol" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</A> (forming the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG), regarding <A class=mw-redirect title=UNFCCC href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNFCCC">UNFCCC</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-53">[54]</A>, with <A title=Mexico href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico">Mexico</A> and <A title=Switzerland href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland">Switzerland</A>), <A title="United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_to_Combat_Desertification">Desertification</A>, <A title=CITES href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CITES">Endangered Species</A>, <A title="Environmental Modification Convention" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_Modification_Convention">Environmental Modification</A>, <A title="Basel Convention" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel_Convention">Hazardous Wastes</A>, <A title="United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea">Law of the Sea</A>, <A title="Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_for_the_Prevention_of_Marine_Pollution_by_Dumping_from_Ships_and_Aircraft">Marine Dumping</A>, <A title="Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty">Nuclear Test Ban</A>, <A title="Montreal Protocol" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Protocol">Ozone Layer Protection</A>, <A title="MARPOL 73/78" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL_73/78">Ship Pollution</A>, <A title="International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Tropical_Timber_Agreement,_1983">Tropical Timber 83</A>, <A title="International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Tropical_Timber_Agreement,_1994">Tropical Timber 94</A>, <A title="Ramsar Convention" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention">Wetlands</A>, and <A title="International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Convention_for_the_Regulation_of_Whaling">Whaling</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-54">[55]</A> <H2>[<A title="Edit section: Economy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=15">edit</A>] Economy</H2> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Economy of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_South_Korea">Economy of South Korea</A></DIV> <DIV class="rellink boilerplate seealso">See also: <A title="List of South Korean regions by GDP" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Korean_regions_by_GDP">List of South Korean regions by GDP</A></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Teheran_Ave_night.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Teheran_Ave_night.jpg/180px-Teheran_Ave_night.jpg" width=180 height=272></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Teheran_Ave_night.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A class=mw-redirect title=Teheranro href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheranro">Teheran Street</A> in the <A class=mw-redirect title="Gangnam district" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangnam_district">Gangnam district</A> of <A title=Seoul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul">Seoul</A>, also colloquially known as Teheran Valley, is one of the most business centered streets in South Korea.</DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_Korea%27s_GDP_(nominal)_growth_from_1960_to_2007.png"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/South_Korea%27s_GDP_%28nominal%29_growth_from_1960_to_2007.png/180px-South_Korea%27s_GDP_%28nominal%29_growth_from_1960_to_2007.png" width=180 height=108></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_Korea%27s_GDP_(nominal)_growth_from_1960_to_2007.png"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>South Korea's nominal GDP growth from 1960 to 2007, in billions of US dollars. The Koreans termed this rapid growth the <A title="Miracle on the Han River" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle_on_the_Han_River">Miracle on the Han River</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:09_Hyundai_Genesis.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/09_Hyundai_Genesis.jpg/180px-09_Hyundai_Genesis.jpg" width=180 height=99></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:09_Hyundai_Genesis.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title="Hyundai Kia Automotive Group" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundai_Kia_Automotive_Group">Hyundai Kia Automotive Group</A> is the world's fourth largest automaker in terms of units sold.</DIV></DIV></DIV> South Korea had the world's second-fastest growing economy from 1960 to 1990.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-55">[56]</A> Korea's transformation into a <A title="Developed country" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developed_country">developed country</A> during this time was termed the <A title="Miracle on the Han River" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle_on_the_Han_River">Miracle on the Han River</A>, and South Korea was considered one of the <A title="Four Asian Tigers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Asian_Tigers">Four Asian Tigers</A>. The growth surge was initially achieved by paying low wages to manufacture labour-intensive goods, aimed at export.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-56">[57]</A> South Korea is a member of the <A class=mw-redirect title=OECD href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OECD">OECD</A>, and is classified as a <A title="High income economy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_income_economy">high-income economy</A> by the <A title="World Bank Group" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank_Group">World Bank</A> and an <A title="Developed country" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developed_country">advanced economy</A> by the <A class=mw-redirect title=IMF href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMF">IMF</A> and <A class=mw-redirect title=CIA href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA">CIA</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-qq-57">[58]</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-cia-58">[59]</A> and a <A title="Developed market" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developed_market">developed market</A> by the <A title="FTSE Group" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTSE_Group">FTSE Group</A>. However, it is still considered an emerging market by <A class=mw-redirect title=MSCI href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSCI">MSCI</A> due to "lack of full convertibility of the won, the rigidity of the identification system, and anti-competitive practices".<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-59">[60]</A> Today, the South Korean economy is dominated by large business groups known as <A title=Chaebol href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaebol">Chaebol</A>. These include companies such as <A class=mw-redirect title=Samsung href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung">Samsung</A>, <A class=mw-redirect title=LG href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG">LG</A>, <A title="Hyundai Kia Automotive Group" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundai_Kia_Automotive_Group">Hyundai-Kia</A> and <A title="SK Group" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK_Group">SK</A>. The Chaebol are government-supported powerful global multinationals owning numerous international enterprises. The Korean word means "business family" or "monopoly" and is often used the way "conglomerate" is used in English.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-60">[61]</A> Despite lacking <A class=mw-redirect title="Natural resources" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resources">natural resources</A> and having the <A title="List of countries and outlying territories by total area" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_area">smallest territory</A> among the <A title="G-20 major economies" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20_major_economies">G-20 major economies</A>, the <A class=mw-redirect title="South Korean economy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korean_economy">South Korean economy</A> is the <A title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)">fourth largest</A> in Asia and 15th largest in the world. Like <A title="West Germany" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany">West Germany</A> and <A title=Japan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan">Japan</A>, rapid <A class=mw-redirect title=Industrialization href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialization">industrialization</A> since the 1960s has made South Korea one of the world's top ten <A title="List of countries by exports" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_exports">exporters</A>. It is the seventh largest <A title="List of the largest trading partners of the United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_the_United_States">trading partner of the United States</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-61">[62]</A> and the eighth largest trading partner of the European Union.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-62">[63]</A> In 2009, South Korea was ranked as the most <A title="Global Innovation Index" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index">innovative</A> country in the world among major economies by the <A title="Boston Consulting Group" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Consulting_Group">BCG</A> and <A title="National Association of Manufacturers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Manufacturers">NAM</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-63">[64]</A> South Korea is the world's largest <A title=Shipbuilding href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipbuilding">shipbuilder</A>,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-shipbuilding1-64">[65]</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-shipbuilding2-65">[66]</A> and one of the world's top five <A title=Automobile href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile">automobile</A> manufacturing nations.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-66">[67]</A> South Korea is also dominant in crude oil imports,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-67">[68]</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-68">[69]</A> refined oil exports,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-69">[70]</A> and the building construction industry.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-70">[71]</A> Its capital, Seoul, has been listed as one of the world's top ten <A class=mw-redirect title=Financial href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial">financial</A> and <A title="Commercial district" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_district">commercial</A> cities by <A title=Forbes href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes">Forbes</A> and <A class=mw-redirect title=Mastercard href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastercard">Mastercard</A>,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-71">[72]</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-72">[73]</A> and is the center of the service industry in South Korea<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-73">[74]</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-74">[75]</A> In 2008, <A class=mw-redirect title="Free Trade Agreement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Trade_Agreement">Free Trade Agreements</A> with the <A title="United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States">US</A> (also known as <A class=mw-redirect title="U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.-Korea_Free_Trade_Agreement">KORUS FTA</A>) and <A class=mw-redirect title=EU href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU">EU</A> were carried out.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-75">[76]</A> At that time, Korea's GDP (PPP) per capita was estimated at $27,646.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-76">[77]</A> <H3>[<A title="Edit section: High-tech industries" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=16">edit</A>] High-tech industries</H3> <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:479563754_8ef9e978a7.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/479563754_8ef9e978a7.jpg/180px-479563754_8ef9e978a7.jpg" width=180 height=135></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:479563754_8ef9e978a7.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>South Korea is the world's largest maker of <A class=mw-redirect title=LCD href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCD">LCD</A>, <A title="Plasma display" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_display">Plasma display</A>, <A class=mw-redirect title=OLED href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED">OLED</A> and <A title="Cathode ray tube" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube">CRT displays</A>,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-77">[78]</A> led by <A title="LG Display" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG_Display">LG Display</A> and <A title="Samsung Group" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Group">Samsung SDI</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV> South Korea has a <A class=mw-redirect title=High-tech href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-tech">high-tech</A> <A title=Infrastructure href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure">infrastructure</A>,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-78">[79]</A> with the world's highest <A class=mw-redirect title="Broadband internet access" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband_internet_access">broadband internet access</A> per capita,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-79">[80]</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-80">[81]</A> and the fastest average <A title=Internet href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet">Internet</A> connections.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-81">[82]</A> In consumer electronics, South Korea is the world's largest <A class=mw-redirect title=LCD href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCD">LCD</A>, <A class=mw-redirect title=OLED href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED">OLED</A>, <A title=CRT href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRT">CRT</A> and <A title="Plasma display" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_display">plasma display</A> maker.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-82">[83]</A> The South Korean companies <A class=mw-redirect title=Samsung href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung">Samsung</A> and <A title="LG Group" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG_Group">LG</A> are among the top three manufacturers of <A class=mw-redirect title=Televisions href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisions">televisions</A> <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-83">[84]</A> and <A class=mw-redirect title="Mobile phones" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones">mobile phones</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-84">[85]</A> South Korea also exports <A class=mw-redirect title="Radioactive isotope" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_isotope">radioactive isotope</A> production equipment for medical and industrial use to countries such as Russia, Japan and Turkey.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-85">[86]</A> The government is also investing in the <A title=Robotics href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics">robotics</A> industry.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-autogenerated5-86">[87]</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-autogenerated3-87">[88]</A> There are also plans to develop other sectors, including <A title="Financial services" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_services">financial services</A>, <A title=Biotechnology href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology">biotechnology</A> and <A title=Aerospace href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospace">aerospace</A> industries. South Korea was the first country to start <A title="Digital Multimedia Broadcasting" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Multimedia_Broadcasting">Digital Multimedia Broadcasting</A> in 2005<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-88">[89]</A> and <A title=WiBro href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiBro">wireless broadband Internet</A> in 2006 and <A title=Nation href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation">nation-wide</A> 100 Mbit/s <A class=mw-redirect title=Fibre-optic href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre-optic">fibre-optic</A> broadband network, which is being upgraded to 1 Gbit/s by 2013.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-89">[90]</A> <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Transportation and energy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=17">edit</A>] Transportation and energy</H3> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main articles: <A title="Transport in South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_South_Korea">Transport in South Korea</A> and <A title="Nuclear power in South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_South_Korea">Nuclear power in South Korea</A></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Incheon_International_Airpot_(interesting_architecture).jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Incheon_International_Airpot_%28interesting_architecture%29.jpg/180px-Incheon_International_Airpot_%28interesting_architecture%29.jpg" width=180 height=120></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Incheon_International_Airpot_(interesting_architecture).jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title="Incheon International Airport" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheon_International_Airport">Incheon International Airport</A>, rated the best airport worldwide consecutively since 2005 by <A title="Airports Council International" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airports_Council_International">Airports Council International</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-airport.kr-90">[91]</A></DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rainbow_fountain_Seoul.JPG"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Rainbow_fountain_Seoul.JPG/180px-Rainbow_fountain_Seoul.JPG" width=180 height=123></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rainbow_fountain_Seoul.JPG"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title="Banpo Bridge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banpo_Bridge">Banpo Bridge</A>, a gigantic rainbow fountain with nearly 10,000 <A class=mw-redirect title=LED href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED">LED</A> nozzles pumping out 190 tonnes of water every minute over <A title="Han River (Korea)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_River_(Korea)">Han River</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Expressbusterminalsubwaystation.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Expressbusterminalsubwaystation.jpg/180px-Expressbusterminalsubwaystation.jpg" width=180 height=119></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Expressbusterminalsubwaystation.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>An Express Bus Terminal on <A title="Seoul Subway Line 9" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_Subway_Line_9">Seoul Subway Line 9</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV> South Korea has a technologically advanced transportation network consisting of high-speed railways, highways, bus routes, ferry services, and air routes that criss-cross the country. <A title="Korea Expressway Corporation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Expressway_Corporation">Korea Expressway Corporation</A> operates the toll highways and service amenities en route. <A title=Korail href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korail">Korail</A> provides frequent train service to all major South Korean cities. Two rail lines, <A title="Gyeongui Line" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongui_Line">Gyeongui</A> and <A title="Donghae Bukbu Line" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donghae_Bukbu_Line">Donghae Bukbu Line</A>, to <A title="North Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea">North Korea</A> are now being reconnected. The Korean <A title="High-speed rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail">high-speed rail</A> system, <A title="Korea Train Express" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Train_Express">KTX</A>, provides high-speed service along <A title="Gyeongbu Line" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongbu_Line">Gyeongbu</A> and <A title="Honam Line" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honam_Line">Honam Line</A>. Major cities—including Seoul,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-91">[92]</A> Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Daejeon and Gwangju—have subway systems. Metropolitan Cities (gwangyeoksi, self-governing cities that are not incorporated into any province) have express bus terminals. Construction of South Korea's largest airport, <A title="Incheon International Airport" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheon_International_Airport">Incheon International Airport</A>, was completed in 2001. By 2007, the airport was serving 30 million passengers a year.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-92">[93]</A> The airport has been selected as the "Best Airport Worldwide" for four consecutive years since 2005 by <A title="Airports Council International" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airports_Council_International">Airports Council International</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-airport.kr-90">[91]</A> Other international airports include <A title="Gimpo International Airport" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimpo_International_Airport">Gimpo</A>, <A title="Gimhae International Airport" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimhae_International_Airport">Busan</A> and <A title="Jeju International Airport" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_International_Airport">Jeju</A>. There are also seven domestic airports, and a large number of <A class=mw-redirect title=Heliports href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliports">heliports</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-93">[94]</A> <A title="Korean Air" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Air">Korean Air</A>, founded in 1962, served 21,640,000 passengers, including 12,490,000 international passengers in 2008.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-94">[95]</A> A second carrier, <A title="Asiana Airlines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiana_Airlines">Asiana Airlines</A>, established in 1988, also serves domestic and international traffic. Combined, South Korean airlines currently serve 297 international routes.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-95">[96]</A> Smaller airliners, such as <A title="Hansung Airlines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hansung_Airlines">Hansung Airlines</A> and <A title="Jeju Air" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_Air">Jeju Air</A>, provide domestic service with lower fares. South Korea is the world's sixth largest <A title="Nuclear power" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power">nuclear power</A> producer and the second-largest in Asia.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-96">[97]</A> <A title="Nuclear power in South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_South_Korea">Nuclear power in South Korea</A> supplies 45% of electricity production and research is very active with investigation into a variety of advanced reactors, including a small modular reactor, a liquid-metal fast/<A title="Nuclear transmutation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_transmutation#Transmutation_of_nuclear_wastes">transmutation</A> reactor and a high-temperature <A title=Hydrogen href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen">hydrogen</A> generation design. Fuel production and waste handling technologies have also been developed locally. It is also a member of the <A title=ITER href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITER">ITER</A> project. <DIV style="CLEAR: both"></DIV> <H2>[<A title="Edit section: Science and technology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=18">edit</A>] Science and technology</H2> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Science and technology in Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Korea">Science and technology in Korea</A></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_astronaut-Yi_Soyeon-02.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Korean_astronaut-Yi_Soyeon-02.jpg/180px-Korean_astronaut-Yi_Soyeon-02.jpg" width=180 height=240></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_astronaut-Yi_Soyeon-02.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A class=mw-redirect title="Yi So-yeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_So-yeon">Yi So-yeon</A>, South Korea's first <A title="Spaceflight participant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceflight_participant">spaceflight participant</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-97">[98]</A></DIV></DIV></DIV> <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Aerospace research" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=19">edit</A>] Aerospace research</H3> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute">Korea Aerospace Research Institute</A></DIV> South Korea has launched two satellites, <A title=Arirang-1 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arirang-1">Arirang-1</A> in 1999 and <A title=Arirang-2 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arirang-2">Arirang-2</A> in 2006, as part of its space partnership with <A title=Russia href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia">Russia</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-98">[99]</A> <A title="Naro Space Center" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naro_Space_Center">Naro Space Center</A>, the first <A title=Spaceport href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceport">spaceport</A> of South Korea, was completed in 2008 at <A title=Goheung href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goheung">Goheung</A>, <A title=Jeollanam-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeollanam-do">Jeollanam-do</A>. The <A class=mw-redirect title="Korea Space Launch Vehicle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Space_Launch_Vehicle">Korea Space Launch Vehicle</A> was launched from Naro in the 2009 but failed.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-99">[100]</A> In April 2008, <A class=mw-redirect title="Yi So-yeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_So-yeon">Yi So-yeon</A> became the first Korean to fly in space, aboard the Russian <A title="Soyuz TMA-12" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-12">Soyuz TMA-12</A>. <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Einstein-Hubo.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Einstein-Hubo.jpg/180px-Einstein-Hubo.jpg" width=180 height=282></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Einstein-Hubo.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>Albert HUBO,developed by <A title=KAIST href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KAIST">KAIST</A>, can make expressive gestures with its 5 separate fingers.</DIV></DIV></DIV> <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Robotics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=20">edit</A>] Robotics</H3> <A title=Robotics href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics">Robotics</A> has been included in the list of main national R&D projects in Korea since 2003.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-100">[101]</A> In 2009, the government announced plans to build robot-themed parks in <A title="Incheon Free Economic Zone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheon_Free_Economic_Zone">Incheon</A> and <A title=Masan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masan">Masan</A> with a mix of public and private funding.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-101">[102]</A> In 2005, <A class=mw-redirect title="Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Advanced_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology">Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology</A> developed the world's second walking <A title="Humanoid robot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanoid_robot">humanoid robot</A>, <A title=HUBO href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HUBO">HUBO</A>. A team in the <A class=new title="Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korea_Institute_of_Industrial_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1">Korea Institute of Industrial Technology</A> developed the first Korean <A title=Android href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android">android</A>, <A title=EveR-1 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EveR-1">EveR-1</A> in May 2006. EveR-1 has been succeeded by more complex models with improved movement and vision. Next models are scheduled to be completed by 2010. <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Biotechnology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=21">edit</A>] Biotechnology</H3> Since the 1980s, the Korean government has actively invested in the development of a domestic <A title=Biotechnology href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology">biotechnology</A> industry, and the sector is projected to grow to $6.5 billion by 2010.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-102">[103]</A> Medical sector accounts for a large part of the production, including production of <A title="Hepatitis A vaccine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A_vaccine">hepatitis vaccines</A> and <A title=Antibiotic href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic">antibiotics</A>. Recently, research and development in <A title=Genetic href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic">genetics</A> and <A title=Cloning href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning">cloning</A> has received increasing attention, with the first successful cloning of a dog, <A title=Snuppy href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snuppy">Snuppy</A>, and the cloning of two females of an endangered species of wolves by the <A title="Seoul National University" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_National_University">Seoul National University</A> in 2007.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-103">[104]</A> The rapid growth of the industry has resulted in significant voids in regulation of ethics, as was highlighted by the <A title="Hwang Woo-Suk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwang_Woo-Suk#Controversies">scientific misconduct</A> case involving <A title="Hwang Woo-Suk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwang_Woo-Suk">Hwang Woo-Suk</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-104">[105]</A> <H2>[<A title="Edit section: Education" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=22">edit</A>] Education</H2> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Education in South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_South_Korea">Education in South Korea</A></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Underwood_hall.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Underwood_hall.jpg/180px-Underwood_hall.jpg" width=180 height=135></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Underwood_hall.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title="Yonsei University" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yonsei_University">Yonsei University</A>, Seoul</DIV></DIV></DIV> Education in South Korea is regarded as being crucial to one's success and competition is consequently very heated and fierce. In the 2006 results of the <A class=mw-redirect title=OECD href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OECD">OECD</A> <A title="Programme for International Student Assessment" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_for_International_Student_Assessment">Programme for International Student Assessment</A>, South Korea came first in <A title="Problem solving" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_solving">problem solving</A>, third in <A title=Mathematics href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics">mathematics</A> and eleventh in <A title=Science href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science">science</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-105">[106]</A>[<A title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources">unreliable source?</A>] A centralised administration in South Korea oversees the process for the education of children from kindergarten to the third and final year of high school. South Korea has adopted a new educational program to increase the number of their foreign students through the year 2010. According to Ministry of Education, Science and Technology estimate, by that time, the number of scholarships for foreign students in South Korea will be doubled, and the number of foreign students will reach 100,000.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-106">[107]</A> The school year is divided into two semesters, the first of which begins in the beginning of March and ends in mid-July, the second of which begins in late August and ends in mid-February.The schedules are not uniformly standardized and vary from school to school. <H2>[<A title="Edit section: Demographics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=23">edit</A>] Demographics</H2> <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gangnammediapolls.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Gangnammediapolls.jpg/180px-Gangnammediapolls.jpg" width=180 height=173></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gangnammediapolls.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>A view of <A title=Gangnam-gu href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangnam-gu">Gangnam-gu</A> in <A title=Seoul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul">Seoul</A>, the world's second-largest <A title="List of metropolitan areas by population" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_by_population">metropolitan area</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main articles: <A title="Demographics of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Korea">Demographics of South Korea</A> and <A title=Koreans href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreans">Koreans</A></DIV> South Korea is noted for its population density, which at 487 per square kilometer is more than 10 times the global average. Most South Koreans live in urban areas, due to rapid migration from the countryside during the country's quick economic expansion in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-107">[108]</A> The capital city of <A title=Seoul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul">Seoul</A> is also the country's largest city and chief industrial center. According to 2005 census, Seoul had a population of 9.8 million inhabitants. The <A title="Seoul National Capital Area" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_National_Capital_Area">Seoul National Capital Area</A> has 24.5 million inhabitants making it the world's second largest metropolitan area. Other major cities include <A title=Busan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan">Busan</A> (3.5 million), <A title=Incheon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheon">Incheon</A> (2.5 million), <A title=Daegu href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daegu">Daegu</A> (2.5 million), <A title=Daejeon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daejeon">Daejeon</A> (1.4 million), <A title=Gwangju href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangju">Gwangju</A> (1.4 million) and <A title=Ulsan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulsan">Ulsan</A> (1 million).<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-108">[109]</A> The population has also been shaped by international migration. Following the <A title="Division of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_of_Korea">division of the Korean peninsula</A> after World War II, about four million people from North Korea crossed the border to South Korea. This trend of net entry reversed over the next forty years due to emigration, especially to the <A title="United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States">United States</A> and <A title=Canada href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada">Canada</A>. South Korea’s total population in 1960 was 25 million.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-109">[110]</A> The current population of South Korea is roughly 49,540,000.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-110">[111]</A> South Korea is a homogeneous society with an absolute majority of the population of <A title=Koreans href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreans">Korean</A> ethnicity.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-111">[112]</A> Although small, the percentage of non-Koreans has been increasing. As of 2009<A class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit" rel=nofollow>[update]</A>, South Korea had 1,106,884 foreign residents, more than double the 2006 total. <A class=mw-redirect title="Chinese people in South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people_in_South_Korea">Migrants from the People's Republic of China (PRC)</A> make up 56.5% of the total; however, many of them are <A title="Koreans in China" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreans_in_China">Joseonjok</A>, PRC citizens of Korean ethnicity.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-ChosunIlbo20090806-112">[113]</A> The roughly 33,000 <A title="Mongolians in South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolians_in_South_Korea">Mongolian immigrants</A> are believed to be the largest community of Mongolian citizens residing abroad.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-TaipeiTimes-113">[114]</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-Seabreeze-114">[115]</A> Another notable group is women from <A title="Southeast Asia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</A> who comprised 41% of new marriages with Korean farmers in 2006.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-115">[116]</A> There are also 31,000 <A title="United States Forces Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Forces_Korea">US military</A> personnel.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-116">[117]</A> South Korea's birthrate is the world's lowest.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-117">[118]</A> If this continues, its population is expected to decrease by 13 percent to 42.3 million in 2050,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-118">[119]</A> South Korea's annual birthrate is approximately 9 births per 1000 people.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-119">[120]</A> The average <A title="Life expectancy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancy">Life expectancy</A> in 2008 was 79.10 years,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-120">[121]</A> which is 40th in the world.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-121">[122]</A> <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Cities of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=24">edit</A>] Cities of South Korea</H3> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="List of cities in South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_South_Korea">List of cities in South Korea</A></DIV> <DIV class="rellink boilerplate seealso">See also: <A title="Eight Provinces of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Provinces_of_Korea">Eight Provinces of Korea</A> and <A title="List of regions of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Korea">List of regions of Korea</A></DIV> The figure below lists the twenty largest cities within administrative city limits; the figures below only include long-term residents. <TABLE style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; WIDTH: 97%; FONT-SIZE: 90%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 10px" class=infobox> <TBODY> <TR> <TH style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5" colSpan=11 align=middle>Largest cities of South Korea</TH></TR> <TR> <TH rowSpan=13> <A class=image title=Seoul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gangnampicturefromtheoffice.jpg"><IMG class=thumbborder alt=Seoul src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gangnampicturefromtheoffice.jpg/102px-Gangnampicturefromtheoffice.jpg" width=102 height=60></A> <A title=Seoul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul">Seoul</A> <A class=image title=Busan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Busan_Skyline.JPG"><IMG class=thumbborder alt=Busan src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Busan_Skyline.JPG/100px-Busan_Skyline.JPG" width=100 height=64></A> <A title=Busan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan">Busan</A> <A class=image title=Incheon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Incheon_Skyline_03-08-2009.jpg"><IMG class=thumbborder alt=Incheon src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7f/Incheon_Skyline_03-08-2009.jpg/102px-Incheon_Skyline_03-08-2009.jpg" width=102 height=68></A> <A title=Incheon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheon">Incheon</A> </TH> <TH style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5" align=middle></TH> <TH style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5" align=middle><A title="List of cities in South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_South_Korea">Cities</A></TH> <TH style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5" align=middle><A title="Administrative divisions of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Korea">Provincial level divisions</A></TH> <TH style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5" colSpan=2 align=middle>Population</TH> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5" align=middle></TD> <TH style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5" align=middle><A title="List of cities in South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_South_Korea">Cities</A></TH> <TH style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5" align=middle><A title="Administrative divisions of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Korea">Provincial level divisions</A></TH> <TH style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5" align=middle>Population</TH> <TH rowSpan=13> <DIV style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="noprint plainlinks navbar"><A title="Template:Largest cities of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_South_Korea">view</A> • <A title="Template talk:Largest cities of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_South_Korea">talk</A> • <A class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Largest_cities_of_South_Korea&action=edit" rel=nofollow>edit</A></DIV> <A class=image title=Daejeon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Daegu_Skyline.jpg"><IMG class=thumbborder alt=Daejeon src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Daegu_Skyline.jpg/102px-Daegu_Skyline.jpg" width=102 height=68></A> <A title=Daegu href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daegu">Daegu</A> <A class=image title=Daejeon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Daejeon_Skyline.jpg"><IMG class=thumbborder alt=Daejeon src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Daejeon_Skyline.jpg/102px-Daejeon_Skyline.jpg" width=102 height=67></A> <A title=Daejeon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daejeon">Daejeon</A> <A class=image title=Gwangju href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gwangju_Skyline.jpg"><IMG class=thumbborder alt=Gwangju src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gwangju_Skyline.jpg/100px-Gwangju_Skyline.jpg" width=100 height=67></A> <A title=Gwangju href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangju">Gwangju</A> </TH></TR> <TR> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>1</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Seoul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul">Seoul</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Seoul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul">Seoul</A></TD> <TD align=right>10,456,034</TD> <TD> </TD> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>11</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Bucheon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucheon">Bucheon</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Gyeonggi-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeonggi-do">Gyeonggi-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>854,348</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>2</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Busan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan">Busan</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Busan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan">Busan</A></TD> <TD align=right>3,596,076</TD> <TD> </TD> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>12</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Yongin href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongin">Yongin</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Gyeonggi-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeonggi-do">Gyeonggi-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>677,665</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>3</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Incheon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheon">Incheon</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Incheon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheon">Incheon</A></TD> <TD align=right>2,741,217</TD> <TD> </TD> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>13</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Ansan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansan">Ansan</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Gyeonggi-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeonggi-do">Gyeonggi-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>670,884</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>4</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Daegu href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daegu">Daegu</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Daegu href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daegu">Daegu</A> & <A title=Gyeongsangbuk-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongsangbuk-do">Gyeongsangbuk-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>2,512,601</TD> <TD> </TD> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>14</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Cheongju href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheongju">Cheongju</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Chungcheongbuk-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chungcheongbuk-do">Chungcheongbuk-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>628,150</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>5</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Daejeon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daejeon">Daejeon</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Daejeon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daejeon">Daejeon</A> & <A title=Chungcheongnam-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chungcheongnam-do">Chungcheongnam-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>1,494,951</TD> <TD> </TD> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>15</TD> <TD align=left><A title="Anyang, Gyeonggi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyang,_Gyeonggi">Anyang</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Gyeonggi-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeonggi-do">Gyeonggi-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>625,426</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>6</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Gwangju href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangju">Gwangju</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Gwangju href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangju">Gwangju</A></TD> <TD align=right>1,434,625</TD> <TD> </TD> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>16</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Jeonju href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeonju">Jeonju</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Jeollabuk-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeollabuk-do">Jeollabuk-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>623,060</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>7</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Ulsan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulsan">Ulsan</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Ulsan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulsan">Ulsan</A></TD> <TD align=right>1,126,879</TD> <TD> </TD> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>17</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Pohang href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohang">Pohang</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Gyeongsangbuk-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongsangbuk-do">Gyeongsangbuk-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>508,051</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>8</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Suwon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suwon">Suwon</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Gyeonggi-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeonggi-do">Gyeonggi-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>1,090,678</TD> <TD> </TD> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>18</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Cheonan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheonan">Cheonan</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Chungcheongnam-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chungcheongnam-do">Chungcheongnam-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>506,788</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>9</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Seongnam href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seongnam">Seongnam</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Gyeonggi-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeonggi-do">Gyeonggi-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>958,349</TD> <TD> </TD> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>19</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Changwon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changwon">Changwon</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Gyeongsangnam-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongsangnam-do">Gyeongsangnam-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>504,118</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>10</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Goyang href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goyang">Goyang</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Gyeonggi-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeonggi-do">Gyeonggi-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>950,750</TD> <TD> </TD> <TD style="BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0" align=middle>20</TD> <TD align=left><A title=Gimhae href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimhae">Gimhae</A></TD> <TD align=left><A title=Gyeongsangnam-do href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongsangnam-do">Gyeongsangnam-do</A></TD> <TD align=right>436,640</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Religion" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=25">edit</A>] Religion</H3> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Religion in South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea">Religion in South Korea</A></DIV> <DIV class=tright> <TABLE style="BORDER-BOTTOM: silver 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: silver 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.4em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em; FLOAT: right; CLEAR: right; FONT-SIZE: 90%; BORDER-TOP: silver 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: silver 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 0.4em" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0> <TBODY> <TR style="BACKGROUND: #ddd"> <TH colSpan=5 align=middle><BIG>South Korea religiosity</BIG></TH></TR> <TR style="HEIGHT: 4px; FONT-SIZE: 90%"> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 4px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; PADDING-TOP: 0px">religion</TD> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 4px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" align=right></TD> <TD style="WIDTH: 100px"></TD> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 4px; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" align=right>percent</TD> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 4px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" align=right></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="MIN-WIDTH: 8em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2>No religion(Inc.Atheism)</TD> <TD style="BORDER-LEFT: silver 1px solid; WIDTH: 100px; BORDER-RIGHT: silver 1px solid"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 46.5%; BACKGROUND: lightgrey; OVERFLOW: hidden">  </DIV></TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2 align=right>46.5%</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="MIN-WIDTH: 8em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2>Buddhism</TD> <TD style="BORDER-LEFT: silver 1px solid; WIDTH: 100px; BORDER-RIGHT: silver 1px solid"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 22.8%; BACKGROUND: blue; OVERFLOW: hidden">  </DIV></TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2 align=right>22.8%</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="MIN-WIDTH: 8em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2>Protestantism</TD> <TD style="BORDER-LEFT: silver 1px solid; WIDTH: 100px; BORDER-RIGHT: silver 1px solid"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 18.3%; BACKGROUND: green; OVERFLOW: hidden">  </DIV></TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2 align=right>18.3%</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="MIN-WIDTH: 8em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2>Roman Catholic Church</TD> <TD style="BORDER-LEFT: silver 1px solid; WIDTH: 100px; BORDER-RIGHT: silver 1px solid"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 10.9%; BACKGROUND: yellow; OVERFLOW: hidden">  </DIV></TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2 align=right>10.9%</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="MIN-WIDTH: 8em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2>Islam</TD> <TD style="BORDER-LEFT: silver 1px solid; WIDTH: 100px; BORDER-RIGHT: silver 1px solid"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 0.4%; BACKGROUND: purple; OVERFLOW: hidden">  </DIV></TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2 align=right>0.4%</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="MIN-WIDTH: 8em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2>Other religions</TD> <TD style="BORDER-LEFT: silver 1px solid; WIDTH: 100px; BORDER-RIGHT: silver 1px solid"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 0.4%; BACKGROUND: black; OVERFLOW: hidden">  </DIV></TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2 align=right>0.4%</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="MIN-WIDTH: 8em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2>Won Buddhism</TD> <TD style="BORDER-LEFT: silver 1px solid; WIDTH: 100px; BORDER-RIGHT: silver 1px solid"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 0.3%; BACKGROUND: violet; OVERFLOW: hidden">  </DIV></TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2 align=right>0.3%</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="MIN-WIDTH: 8em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2>Confucianism</TD> <TD style="BORDER-LEFT: silver 1px solid; WIDTH: 100px; BORDER-RIGHT: silver 1px solid"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 0.2%; BACKGROUND: orange; OVERFLOW: hidden">  </DIV></TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2 align=right>0.2%</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="MIN-WIDTH: 8em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2>Cheondoism</TD> <TD style="BORDER-LEFT: silver 1px solid; WIDTH: 100px; BORDER-RIGHT: silver 1px solid"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 0.1%; BACKGROUND: red; OVERFLOW: hidden">  </DIV></TD> <TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0.4em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.4em" colSpan=2 align=right>0.1%</TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; PADDING-LEFT: 4px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; PADDING-TOP: 4px" colSpan=5></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seokguram_Buddha.JPG"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Seokguram_Buddha.JPG/180px-Seokguram_Buddha.JPG" width=180 height=245></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seokguram_Buddha.JPG"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>The <A title=Seokguram href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seokguram">Seokguram</A> <A title=Grotto href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotto">Grotto</A> in <A title=Bulguksa href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulguksa">Bulguksa</A> temple, <A class=mw-redirect title="UNESCO World Heritage Site" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</A></DIV></DIV></DIV> Just under half of South Koreans profess no religious beliefs. Those who do are mostly <A title=Christianity href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity">Christian</A> or <A title="Korean Buddhism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Buddhism">Buddhist</A>, along with minor traditional religions practiced in small regions. Other religions include <A title="Islam in Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Korea">Islam</A> and various <A title="New religious movement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_religious_movement">new religious movements</A> such as <A class=mw-redirect title=Jeungism href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeungism">Jeungism</A>, <A class=new title="Daesunism (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daesunism&action=edit&redlink=1">Daesunism</A>, <A title=Cheondoism href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheondoism">Cheondoism</A> and <A class=mw-redirect title=Wonbuddhism href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonbuddhism">Wonbuddhism</A>. <A title=Christianity href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity">Christianity</A> is South Korea's largest religion, accounting for more than half of all South Korean religious adherents. There are approximately 15 million Christians<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-AFP_religion-122">[123]</A> in South Korea today, with more than two-thirds of <A class=mw-redirect title=Christians href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christians">Christians</A> belonging to the <A class=mw-redirect title=Protestant href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant">Protestant</A> group, while about 15% belong to the <A title=Catholic href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic">Catholic</A> group. The largest Christian church in South Korea, <A title="Yoido Full Gospel Church" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoido_Full_Gospel_Church">Yoido Full Gospel Church</A>, is located in Seoul. Roman Catholicism has been the fastest growing denomination in South Korea since the late 1980s.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-123">[124]</A> South Korea is also the second-largest missionary-sending nation.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-124">[125]</A> Buddhism was introduced to Korea from <A title=China href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China">China</A> in the year 372.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-125">[126]</A> According to the national census as of 2005, South Korea has over 10.7 million Buddhists.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-AFP_religion-122">[123]</A><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-126">[127]</A> Today, about 90% of Korean Buddhists belong to <A title="Jogye Order" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogye_Order">Jogye Order</A>. Most of the <A title="National Treasures of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Treasures_of_South_Korea">National Treasures of South Korea</A> are Buddhist artifacts. Along with <A title=Neo-Confucianism href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Confucianism">Neo-Confucianism</A>, Buddhism was also a state religion during the periods from <A title="Three Kingdoms of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea">Three Kingdoms of Korea</A> to <A title=Goryeo href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goryeo">Goryeo</A> before suppression under the Joseon Dynasty.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-127">[128]</A> There are an estimated 45,000 Muslim Koreans, in addition to some 100,000 foreign workers from Muslim countries,<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-128">[129]</A> particularly <A title=Bangladesh href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh">Bangladesh</A> and <A title=Pakistan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan">Pakistan</A>.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-129">[130]</A> <H2>[<A title="Edit section: Culture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=26">edit</A>] Culture</H2> <TABLE class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content"> <TBODY> <TR> <TD class=mbox-image> <DIV style="WIDTH: 52px"><IMG alt="Question book-new.svg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width=50 height=39></DIV></TD> <TD class=mbox-text>This section does not <A title="Wikipedia:Citing sources" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources">cite</A> any <A title=Wikipedia:Verifiability href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</A>. Please help <A class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit" rel=nofollow>improve this article</A> by adding citations to <A title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources">reliable sources</A>. Unsourced material may be <A title="Template:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_needed">challenged</A> and <A title=Wikipedia:Verifiability href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence">removed</A>. (July 2009)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 232px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seoul-Gyeongbokgung-02.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Seoul-Gyeongbokgung-02.jpg/230px-Seoul-Gyeongbokgung-02.jpg" width=230 height=173></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seoul-Gyeongbokgung-02.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>The <A title=Dancheong href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancheong">Dancheong</A> of <A title=Gyeongbokgung href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongbokgung">Gyeongbokgung</A>, <A title=Seoul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul">Seoul</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main articles: <A title="Culture of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea">Culture of Korea</A> and <A class=mw-redirect title="South Korean culture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korean_culture">South Korean culture</A></DIV> South Korea shares its traditional culture with <A title="North Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea">North Korea</A>, but the two Koreas have developed distinct contemporary forms of culture since the peninsula was divided in 1945. Historically, while the culture of Korea has been heavily influenced by that of neighbouring China, it has nevertheless managed to develop a unique and distinct cultural identity from its larger neighbour.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-Fairbank_et_al.-130">[131]</A> The South Korean <A class=mw-redirect title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (South Korea)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(South_Korea)">Ministry of Culture and Tourism</A> actively encourages the traditional arts, as well as modern forms, through funding and education programs.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-131">[132]</A> The industrialization and urbanization of South Korea have brought many changes to the way <A class=mw-redirect title="Korean people" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_people">Korean people</A> live. Changing economics and lifestyles have led to a concentration of population in major cities, especially the capital Seoul, with multi-generational households separating into <A title="Nuclear family" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_family">nuclear family</A> living arrangements. There were 8 <A class=mw-redirect title="UNESCO World Heritage Sites" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</A> in South Korea and recently <A title="Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Tombs_of_the_Joseon_Dynasty">Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty</A> was added, with a total of 9. <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Entertainment" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=27">edit</A>] Entertainment</H3> In addition to domestic consumption, South Korean mainstream culture, including televised drama, films, and popular music, also generates significant exports to various parts of the world. This phenomenon, often called "<A class=mw-redirect title=Hallyu href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallyu">Hallyu</A>" or the "Korean Wave", has swept many countries in Asia and other parts of the world. Until the 1990s, <A title=Trot href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trot">trot</A> and <A title=Ballad href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballad">ballads</A> dominated Korean popular music. The emergence of the rap group <A class=mw-redirect title="Seo Taiji and Boys" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seo_Taiji_and_Boys">Seo Taiji and Boys</A> in 1992 marked a turning point for Korean popular music, also known as <A class=mw-redirect title=K-Pop href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-Pop">K-Pop</A>, as the group incorporated elements of American popular musical genres of <A class=mw-redirect title="Rap music" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rap_music">rap</A>, <A title="Rock music" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_music">rock</A>, and <A title=Techno href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno">techno</A> into its music. Hip hop, dance and ballad oriented acts have become dominant in the Korean popular music scene, though trot is still popular among older Koreans. Many K-Pop stars and groups are also well known abroad, especially in Asia. Since the success of the film <A title="Shiri (film)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiri_(film)">Shiri</A> in 1999, <A class=mw-redirect title="Korean film" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_film">Korean film</A> has begun to gain recognition internationally. Domestic film has a dominant share of the market, partly due to the existence of <A title="Screen quotas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_quotas">screen quotas</A> requiring cinemas to show Korean films at least 73 days a year. <A title="Korean drama" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_drama">Korean television shows</A>, especially the short form dramatic mini-series called "dramas", have also become popular outside of Korea, becoming another driving trend for the Korean Wave in Asia. The trend has generated internationally known Korean stars and has boosted the image of Korean popular culture. The dramas are popular mostly in Asia, but also within Asian-American communities in North America, Australia, Europe, and elsewhere. The stories have a wide range, but the most prominent among the export dramas have been romance dramas, such as <A class=mw-redirect title="Autumn Fairy Tale" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autumn_Fairy_Tale">Autumn Fairy Tale</A>, <A title="Winter Sonata" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Sonata">Winter Sonata</A>, <A title="Full House (2004 TV series)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_House_(2004_TV_series)">Full House (2004 TV series)</A>, <A title="All About Eve (TV series)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_About_Eve_(TV_series)">All About Eve</A>, and historical/fantasy dramas, such as <A title="Dae Jang Geum" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dae_Jang_Geum">Dae Jang Geum</A>, <A title="The Legend (TV series)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legend_(TV_series)">The Legend</A> and <A class=mw-redirect title=Goong href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goong">Goong</A>. <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Cuisine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=28">edit</A>] Cuisine</H3> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Korean cuisine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_cuisine">Korean cuisine</A></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_fruit_punch-Sujeonggwa-02.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Korean_fruit_punch-Sujeonggwa-02.jpg/180px-Korean_fruit_punch-Sujeonggwa-02.jpg" width=180 height=240></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_fruit_punch-Sujeonggwa-02.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title=Sujeonggwa href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujeonggwa">Sujeonggwa</A></DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DCNM12.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/DCNM12.jpg/180px-DCNM12.jpg" width=180 height=120></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DCNM12.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title=Bulgogi href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi">Bulgogi</A>, a traditional Korean barbecue made of either beef or pork</DIV></DIV></DIV> Korean cuisine, hanguk yori (한국요리, 韓國料理), or hansik (한식, 韓食), has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Ingredients and dishes vary by province. There are many significant regional dishes that have proliferated in different variations across the country in the present day. The <A title="Korean royal court cuisine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_royal_court_cuisine">Korean royal court cuisine</A> once brought all of the unique regional specialties together for the royal family. Meals consumed both by the royal family and ordinary Korean citizens have been regulated by a unique culture of etiquette. Korean cuisine is largely based on <A title=Rice href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice">rice</A>, <A title=Noodle href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noodle">noodles</A>, <A title=Tofu href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu">tofu</A>, vegetables, fish and meats. Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes, <A title=Banchan href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banchan">banchan</A> (반찬), which accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice. Every meal is accompanied by numerous banchan. <A title=Kimchi href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi">Kimchi</A>, a fermented, usually spicy vegetable dish is commonly served at every meal and is one of the best known Korean dishes. Korean cuisine usually involves heavy seasoning with <A title="Sesame oil" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame_oil">sesame oil</A>, <A title=Doenjang href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doenjang">doenjang</A> (된장), a type of (<A title="Fermented bean paste" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermented_bean_paste">fermented soybean paste</A>), <A title="Soy sauce" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_sauce#Korean_soy_sauce">soy sauce</A>, salt, garlic, ginger, and <A title=Gochujang href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gochujang">gochujang</A> (고추장), a hot pepper paste. Soups are also a common part of a Korean meal and are served as part of the main course rather than at the beginning or the end of the meal. Soups known as <A title=Guk href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guk">guk</A> (국) are often made with meats, shellfish and vegetables. Similar to guk, tang (탕) has less water, and is more often served in restaurants. Another type is <A title=Jjigae href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jjigae">jjigae</A> (찌개), a <A title=Stew href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stew">stew</A> that is typically heavily seasoned with chili pepper and served boiling hot. <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Technology culture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=29">edit</A>] Technology culture</H3> <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean.culture-PC.bang-01.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Korean.culture-PC.bang-01.jpg/180px-Korean.culture-PC.bang-01.jpg" width=180 height=135></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean.culture-PC.bang-01.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title="PC bang" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_bang">PC bang</A></DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DMB_Korea.JPG"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/DMB_Korea.JPG/180px-DMB_Korea.JPG" width=180 height=135></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DMB_Korea.JPG"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title="Digital Multimedia Broadcasting" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Multimedia_Broadcasting">Digital Multimedia Broadcasting</A> (DMB) on a mobile phone</DIV></DIV></DIV> In recent years <A title="Video game culture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_culture">online games</A> have become a significant part of Korean culture. <A title=StarCraft href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StarCraft">StarCraft</A>, the <A title="Real-time strategy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_strategy">real-time strategy game</A> is by far the most popular televised game in South Korea. Game tournaments, recorded in places like the <A title="COEX Mall" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COEX_Mall">COEX Mall</A> are often broadcast live on TV stations such as <A title=MBCGame href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBCGame">MBCGame</A> and <A title=Ongamenet href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongamenet">Ongamenet</A>. Professional StarCraft players can command considerable salaries in South Korea as members of pro-gaming teams that are sponsored primarily by cell phone providers. PC games are usually played in <A title="PC bang" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_bang">PC bangs</A> which are basically internet cafes, dedicated to LAN games of popular titles like <A class=mw-redirect title="Kart Rider" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kart_Rider">Kart Rider</A>, <A class=mw-redirect title="Maple Story" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple_Story">Maple Story</A>, <A title="World of Warcraft" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_of_Warcraft">World of Warcraft</A>, <A title="Mabinogi (video game)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabinogi_(video_game)">Mabinogi</A> and <A title="Lineage (video game)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineage_(video_game)">Lineage</A>. South Korean corporations <A class=mw-redirect title=Samsung href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung">Samsung</A> and <A class=mw-redirect title=LG href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG">LG</A> are the second- and third-largest cell phone companies in the world, and South Korean consumers change their phones on average every 11 months. An estimated 90% of South Koreans own <A class=mw-redirect title="Mobile phones" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones">mobile phones</A> and use them not only for calling and messaging but also for watching <A title="Digital Multimedia Broadcasting" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Multimedia_Broadcasting">Digital Multimedia Broadcasting</A> (DMB) or viewing websites. Over one million DMB phones have been sold and the three major wireless communications providers <A title="SK Telecom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK_Telecom">SK Telecom</A>, <A title=KTF href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTF">KTF</A>, and <A title="LG Telecom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG_Telecom">LG Telecom</A> provide coverage in all major cities and other areas. <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goryeo_Celadon_.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Goryeo_Celadon_.jpg/180px-Goryeo_Celadon_.jpg" width=180 height=233></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goryeo_Celadon_.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>The Cheongja unhak sanggam mun maebyeong from the <A title=Goryeo href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goryeo">Goryeo</A> Dynasty.</DIV></DIV></DIV> <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Art" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=30">edit</A>] Art</H3> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Korean art" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_art">Korean art</A></DIV> Korean art has been highly influenced by <A class=mw-redirect title="Buddhism in Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Korea">Buddhism</A> and <A title="Korean Confucianism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Confucianism">Confucianism</A>. There are well-known <A title="Korean pottery and porcelain" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_pottery_and_porcelain">Korean pottery and porcelain</A> like <A title="Joseon white porcelain" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseon_white_porcelain">Baekja</A> and <A title=Buncheong href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buncheong">Buncheong</A>. Also <A title="Korean tea ceremony" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_tea_ceremony">Korean tea ceremony</A>, <A title=Pansori href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansori">Pansori</A>, <A title=Talchum href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talchum">Talchum</A> and <A title=Buchaechum href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchaechum">Buchaechum</A> are popular Korean performing arts. <A title=Hanbok href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok">Hanbok</A> is the traditional Korean dress. Nowadays, people wear it during traditional festivals and celebrations. It has many germants like <A title="Dopo (clothing)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopo_(clothing)">Dopo (clothing)</A>, <A title=Durumagi href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durumagi">Durumagi</A> and <A title=Jeogori href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeogori">Jeogori</A>, so it is worn as semi-formal or formal wear. <H3>[<A title="Edit section: Architecture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=31">edit</A>] Architecture</H3> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Architecture of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_South_Korea">Architecture of South Korea</A></DIV> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Korean architecture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_architecture">Korean architecture</A></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Deoksugungpalacefromthebuilding.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Deoksugungpalacefromthebuilding.jpg/180px-Deoksugungpalacefromthebuilding.jpg" width=180 height=120></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Deoksugungpalacefromthebuilding.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>Modern skyline of <A title=Seoul href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul">Seoul</A> and the <A title=Deoksugung href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoksugung">Deoksugung</A> palace.</DIV></DIV></DIV> Pre-modern Korean architecture may be divided into two main styles: these used in palace and temple structures, and these used in the houses of common people, which consisted of local variations. Korean's ancient architects adopted the bracket system and is characterized by thatched roofs and heated floors called ondol. People of the upper classes built bigger houses with tiled roofs. The roofs were elegantly curved and accentuated with slightly uplifting eaves. There still are many sites like <A title="Hahoe Folk Village" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hahoe_Folk_Village">Hahoe Folk Village</A>, <A title="Yangdong Village of Gyeongju" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangdong_Village_of_Gyeongju">Yangdong Village of Gyeongju</A> and <A title="Korean Folk Village" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Folk_Village">Korean Folk Village</A> where the traditional Korean architecture is preserved. <H2>[<A title="Edit section: Sports" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=32">edit</A>] Sports</H2> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Sport in South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_South_Korea">Sport in South Korea</A></DIV> <DIV class="thumb tright"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 182px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hapkido4.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Hapkido4.jpg/180px-Hapkido4.jpg" width=180 height=135></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hapkido4.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV><A title=Hapkido href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapkido">Hapkido</A> tournament</DIV></DIV></DIV> The <A title="Martial arts" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_arts">martial art</A> <A title=Taekwondo href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo">taekwondo</A> originated in Korea. In the 1950s and 60s, modern rules were standardised, and Taekwondo became an official <A title="Olympic Games" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games">Olympic sport</A> in 2000. Other Korean martial arts include <A title=Taekkyeon href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekkyeon">taekkyeon</A>, <A title=Hapkido href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapkido">hapkido</A>, <A class=mw-redirect title="Tang soo do" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_soo_do">tang soo do</A>, <A class=mw-redirect title="Kuk sool won" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuk_sool_won">kuk sool won</A>, <A title=Kumdo href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumdo">kumdo</A> and <A title=Subak href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak">subak</A>. <A title=Baseball href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball">Baseball</A> was first introduced to Korea in 1905 and has since become the most popular spectator sport in South Korea.<A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_note-132">[133]</A> The first South Korean professional sports league was the <A title="Korea Baseball Organization" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Baseball_Organization">Korea Baseball Organization</A>, established in 1982. South Korea finished third during the <A title="2006 World Baseball Classic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_World_Baseball_Classic">2006 World Baseball Classic</A> and second during the <A title="2009 World Baseball Classic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_World_Baseball_Classic">2009 World Baseball Classic</A>. In the 2008 Olympics held in Beijing, South Korea won the gold medal in baseball. <DIV class="thumb tleft"> <DIV style="WIDTH: 202px" class=thumbinner><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_Peace_Gate,_Olympic_Park,_Seoul.jpg"><IMG class=thumbimage alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/World_Peace_Gate%2C_Olympic_Park%2C_Seoul.jpg/200px-World_Peace_Gate%2C_Olympic_Park%2C_Seoul.jpg" width=200 height=150></A> <DIV class=thumbcaption> <DIV class=magnify><A class=internal title=Enlarge href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_Peace_Gate,_Olympic_Park,_Seoul.jpg"><IMG alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width=15 height=11></A></DIV>World Peace Gate at <A title="Olympic Park, Seoul" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Park,_Seoul">Olympic Park, Seoul</A></DIV></DIV></DIV> In 1988, South Korea hosted the <A title="1988 Summer Olympics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics">Summer Olympics in Seoul</A>, coming fourth with 12 gold medals, 10 silver medals and 11 bronze medals. South Korea regularly performs well in <A title=Archery href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery">archery</A>, <A title=Shooting href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting">shooting</A>, <A title="Table tennis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis">table tennis</A>, <A title=Badminton href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton">badminton</A>, <A title="Short track speed skating" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating">short track speed skating</A>, <A title="Team handball" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_handball">handball</A>, <A title=Hockey href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey">hockey</A>, <A title="Freestyle wrestling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling">freestyle wrestling</A>, <A title=Baseball href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball">baseball</A>, <A title=Judo href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo">judo</A>, taekwondo, and <A title="Olympic weightlifting" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting">weightlifting</A>. South Korea also hosted the <A title="Asian Games" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Games">Asian Games</A> in 1986 (Seoul) and 2002 (Busan), and will host again in 2014 (Incheon). It also hosted the <A title="Asian Winter Games" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Winter_Games">Asian Winter Games</A> in 1999, the Winter <A title=Universiade href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiade">Universiade</A> in 1997 and the Summer Universiade in 2003. In the <A title="2002 FIFA World Cup" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup">2002 FIFA World Cup</A>, jointly hosted by South Korea and Japan, the <A class=mw-redirect title="South Korean national football team" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korean_national_football_team">national football team</A> became the first team in the <A title="Asian Football Confederation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation">Asian Football Confederation</A> to reach the semi-finals. In 2010, South Korea will host their first <A title="Formula One" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One">Formula One</A> race to be staged at the <A title="Korean International Circuit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_International_Circuit">Korean International Circuit</A> in <A title=Yeongam href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeongam">Yeongam</A>, about 400 kilometres (250 mi) south of Seoul. In 2011, the South Korean city of Daegu will host the <A title="2011 World Championships in Athletics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_World_Championships_in_Athletics">2011 IAAF World Championships in Athletics</A>. <H2>[<A title="Edit section: See also" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=33">edit</A>] See also</H2> <DIV class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <A title="Outline of South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_South_Korea">Outline of South Korea</A></DIV> <UL> <LI><A title="Index of South Korea-related articles" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_South_Korea-related_articles">Index of South Korea-related articles</A> <LI><A title="Invest KOREA" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invest_KOREA">Invest KOREA</A> Korea's national investment promotion agency </LI></UL> <H2>[<A title="Edit section: Notes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=34">edit</A>] Notes</H2> <DIV style="column-count: 3; -moz-column-count: 3" class="references-small references-column-count references-column-count-3"> <OL class=references> <LI id=cite_note-0><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-0">^</A> According to Oral Tradition Savada, Andrea Matles. South Korea: A Country Study. Area handbook series. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. Washington, D.C.:1992. p109 <LI id=cite_note-imf2-1>^ <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-imf2_1-0">a</A> <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-imf2_1-1">b</A> <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-imf2_1-2">c</A> <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-imf2_1-3">d</A> "<A class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=542&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=45&pr.y=7" rel=nofollow>South Korea</A>". International Monetary Fund. <A class="external free" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=542&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=45&pr.y=7" rel=nofollow>http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=542&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=45&pr.y=7</A>. 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Retrieved 2009-03-08.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=&rft.date=3+March+2009&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F7931670.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-32><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-32">^</A> <A class="external free" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/asiapcf/06/03/koreas.agree/index.html" rel=nofollow>http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/asiapcf/06/03/koreas.agree/index.html</A> <LI id=cite_note-33><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-33">^</A> <<A class="external free" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/rok/budget.htm" rel=nofollow>http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/rok/budget.htm</A> <LI id=cite_note-South_Korea-34>^ <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-South_Korea_34-0">a</A> <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-South_Korea_34-1">b</A> "<A class="external text" href="http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/060626_asia_balance_powers.pdf" rel=nofollow>South Korea's Armed Forces, CSIS (Page 24)</A>". 2006-07-25. <A class="external free" href="http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/060626_asia_balance_powers.pdf" rel=nofollow>http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/060626_asia_balance_powers.pdf</A>.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=South+Korea%27s+Armed+Forces%2C+CSIS+%28Page+24%29&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2006-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csis.org%2Fmedia%2Fcsis%2Fpubs%2F060626_asia_balance_powers.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-35><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-35">^</A> GlobalSecurity on Military of Republic of Korea <A class="external free" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/rok/index.html" rel=nofollow>http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/rok/index.html</A> <LI id=cite_note-36><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-36">^</A> <A class="external free" href="http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/10/116_52759.html" rel=nofollow>http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/10/116_52759.html</A> <LI id=cite_note-37><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-37">^</A> Cordesman, Anthony H.; Kleiber, Martin (26 June 2006) (PDF). <A class="external text" href="http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/060626_asia_balance_powers.pdf" rel=nofollow>The Asian Conventional Military Balance in 2006: Overview of major Asian Powers</A>. 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Retrieved 2009-02-14.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Asian+Conventional+Military+Balance+in+2006%3A+Overview+of+major+Asian+Powers&rft.aulast=Cordesman&rft.aufirst=Anthony+H.&rft.au=Cordesman%2C%26%2332%3BAnthony+H.&rft.au=Kleiber%2C+Martin&rft.date=26+June+2006&rft.pub=Center+for+Strategic+and+International+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csis.org%2Fmedia%2Fcsis%2Fpubs%2F060626_asia_balance_powers.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-38><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-38">^</A> "<A class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/05/25/asia/AS-GEN-SKorea-Aegis-Destroyer.php" rel=nofollow>South Korea launches first Aegis-equipped destroyer</A>". 24 May 2007. <A class="external free" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/05/25/asia/AS-GEN-SKorea-Aegis-Destroyer.php" rel=nofollow>http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/05/25/asia/AS-GEN-SKorea-Aegis-Destroyer.php</A>. 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"<A class="external text" href="http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/01/205_34171.html" rel=nofollow>US Pilots Test Fly T-50 Trainer</A>". <A title="The Korea Times" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Korea_Times">The Korea Times</A>. <A class="external free" href="http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/01/205_34171.html" rel=nofollow>http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/01/205_34171.html</A>. 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Retrieved 2009-06-07.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=South+Korean+Military+Doctrine&rft.atitle=&rft.date=02+March+2009&rft.pub=Global+Security&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fworld%2Frok%2Fdoctrine.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-44><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-44">^</A> The estimated area rises steadily from year to year, possibly due to land reclamation. "<A class="external text" href="http://kosis.nso.go.kr/cgi-bin/sws_999.cgi?ID=DT_1A1&IDTYPE=3&A_LANG=1&FPUB=3&SELITEM=" rel=nofollow>행정구역(구시군)별 국토적</A>". Korea Statistical Information Service. <A class="external free" href="http://kosis.nso.go.kr/cgi-bin/sws_999.cgi?ID=DT_1A1&IDTYPE=3&A_LANG=1&FPUB=3&SELITEM=" rel=nofollow>http://kosis.nso.go.kr/cgi-bin/sws_999.cgi?ID=DT_1A1&IDTYPE=3&A_LANG=1&FPUB=3&SELITEM=</A>. 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Newsworld. <A class="external free" href="http://www.newsworld.co.kr/cont/0609/42.htm" rel=nofollow>http://www.newsworld.co.kr/cont/0609/42.htm</A>.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Seoul+City+holds+2nd+Arisu+Festival+to+show+tap+water+is+safe+to+drink&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Newsworld&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsworld.co.kr%2Fcont%2F0609%2F42.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-52><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-52">^</A> <A class="external text" href="http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/initiatives/inti_02cheon.htm" rel=nofollow>Seoul Metropolitan Government – "A Clean, Attractive & Global City, Seoul!"</A> <LI id=cite_note-53><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-53">^</A> <A class="external free" href="http://unfccc.int/parties_and_observers/parties/negotiating_groups/items/2714.php" rel=nofollow>http://unfccc.int/parties_and_observers/parties/negotiating_groups/items/2714.php</A> <LI id=cite_note-54><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-54">^</A> <IMG alt=PD-icon.svg src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" width=15 height=15> This article incorporates <A title="Copyright status of work by the U.S. government" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_status_of_work_by_the_U.S._government">public domain material</A> from <A class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html" rel=nofollow>websites or documents</A> of the <A class=mw-redirect title="CIA World Factbook" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook">CIA World Factbook</A>. <LI id=cite_note-55><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-55">^</A> Pecotich, Anthony; Shultz, Clifford J. (2006). <A class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=zdqAakpAeloC&pg=PA328&lpg=PA328&dq=south+korea+fastest+growing+economy+20th+century&source=web&ots=UUvZrK4buo&sig=cvQaMFViBSklOtjirClbbGjgPKY&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result" rel=nofollow>Handbook of Markets and Economies</A>. M.E. Sharpe. <A title="International Standard Book Number" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</A> <A title=Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0972-4 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0972-4">978-0-7656-0972-4</A>. <A class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=zdqAakpAeloC&pg=PA328&lpg=PA328&dq=south+korea+fastest+growing+economy+20th+century&source=web&ots=UUvZrK4buo&sig=cvQaMFViBSklOtjirClbbGjgPKY&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result" rel=nofollow>http://books.google.com/books?id=zdqAakpAeloC&pg=PA328&lpg=PA328&dq=south+korea+fastest+growing+economy+20th+century&source=web&ots=UUvZrK4buo&sig=cvQaMFViBSklOtjirClbbGjgPKY&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result</A>. 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Source: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. <LI id=cite_note-110><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-110">^</A> "<A class="external text" href="http://ups.kosis.kr/upload/Magazine/NEW/AC/AC10_2008.xls" rel=nofollow>2008년 12월 31일 기준 주민등록인구 및 세대</A>". Korea National Statistical Office. <A class="external free" href="http://ups.kosis.kr/upload/Magazine/NEW/AC/AC10_2008.xls" rel=nofollow>http://ups.kosis.kr/upload/Magazine/NEW/AC/AC10_2008.xls</A>. 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CIA – The World Factbook. <LI id=cite_note-ChosunIlbo20090806-112><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-ChosunIlbo20090806_112-0">^</A> "<A class="external text" href="http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/08/06/2009080600243.html" rel=nofollow>More Than 1 Million Foreigners Live in Korea</A>", Chosun Ilbo, 2009-08-06, <A class="external free" href="http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/08/06/2009080600243.html" rel=nofollow>http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/08/06/2009080600243.html</A>, retrieved 2009-10-18<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+Than+1+Million+Foreigners+Live+in+Korea&rft.jtitle=Chosun+Ilbo&rft.date=2009-08-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.chosun.com%2Fsite%2Fdata%2Fhtml_dir%2F2009%2F08%2F06%2F2009080600243.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-TaipeiTimes-113><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-TaipeiTimes_113-0">^</A> "<A class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2003/10/13/2003071505" rel=nofollow>Mongolians, Koreans share ancient bonds</A>", Taipei Times, 2003-10-13, <A class="external free" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2003/10/13/2003071505" rel=nofollow>http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2003/10/13/2003071505</A>, retrieved 2007-08-17<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mongolians%2C+Koreans+share+ancient+bonds&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.date=2003-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Fworld%2Farchives%2F2003%2F10%2F13%2F2003071505&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-Seabreeze-114><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-Seabreeze_114-0">^</A> "<A class="external text" href="http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200503/200503290013.html" rel=nofollow>Sea Breeze Helps Korea's Mongolians Speak with One Voice</A>", The Chosun Ilbo, 2005-03-29, <A class="external free" href="http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200503/200503290013.html" rel=nofollow>http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200503/200503290013.html</A>, retrieved 2007-09-05<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sea+Breeze+Helps+Korea%27s+Mongolians+Speak+with+One+Voice&rft.jtitle=The+Chosun+Ilbo&rft.date=2005-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.chosun.com%2Fw21data%2Fhtml%2Fnews%2F200503%2F200503290013.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-115><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-115">^</A> <A class="external text" href="http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2880519" rel=nofollow>INSIDE JoongAng Daily</A> <LI id=cite_note-116><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-116">^</A> US military figures as of 2005, from <A class="external autonumber" href="http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/troopMarch2005.xls" rel=nofollow>[2]</A> (<A title="Microsoft Excel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel">Excel</A> file) Tim Kane Global US Troop Deployment, 1950–2003 <LI id=cite_note-117><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-117">^</A> <A class="external text" href="http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/05/113_45496.html" rel=nofollow>South Korea's birthrate world’s lowest - koreatimes.co.kr</A> <LI id=cite_note-118><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-118">^</A> <A class="external text" href="http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2006/aug/06082802.html" rel=nofollow>South Korea: Lowest Birthrate in the World - LifeSiteNews.com</A> <LI id=cite_note-119><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-119">^</A> "<A class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/KS.htm" rel=nofollow>South Korea</A>". <A class=mw-redirect title="CIA World Factbook" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook">CIA World Factbook</A>. 26 June 2009. <A class="external free" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/KS.htm" rel=nofollow>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/KS.htm</A>. Retrieved 4 July 2009.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=South+Korea&rft.atitle=%5B%5BCIA+World+Factbook%5D%5D&rft.date=26+June+2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2FKS.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-120><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-120">^</A> <A class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2102.html" rel=nofollow>CIA – The World Factbook 2008</A> – Rank Order – Life expectancy at birth <LI id=cite_note-121><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-121">^</A> <A class="external free" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html" rel=nofollow>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html</A> <LI id=cite_note-AFP_religion-122>^ <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-AFP_religion_122-0">a</A> <A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-AFP_religion_122-1">b</A> <A title="Agence France-Presse" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</A> (2009-01-31). "<A class="external text" href="http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/World/Story/STIStory_267202.html" rel=nofollow>S. Korea president faces protests from Buddhists</A>". <A title="The Straits Times" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times">The Straits Times</A>. <A class="external free" href="http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/World/Story/STIStory_267202.html" rel=nofollow>http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/World/Story/STIStory_267202.html</A>. Retrieved 2009-01-31.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=S.+Korea+president+faces+protests+from+Buddhists&rft.atitle=%5B%5BThe+Straits+Times%5D%5D&rft.aulast=%5B%5BAgence+France-Presse%5D%5D&rft.au=%5B%5BAgence+France-Presse%5D%5D&rft.date=2009-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2FBreaking%252BNews%2FWorld%2FStory%2FSTIStory_267202.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-123><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-123">^</A> Kim, Andrew Eungi (2000). "<A class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2096/is_2000_Spring-Summer/ai_63300897" rel=nofollow>Christianity, Shamanism, and Modernization in South Korea</A>". CBS Interactive. <A class="external free" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2096/is_2000_Spring-Summer/ai_63300897" rel=nofollow>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2096/is_2000_Spring-Summer/ai_63300897</A>. Retrieved 2009-02-13.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Christianity%2C+Shamanism%2C+and+Modernization+in+South+Korea&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Eungi&rft.au=Kim%2C%26%2332%3BAndrew+Eungi&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=CBS+Interactive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m2096%2Fis_2000_Spring-Summer%2Fai_63300897&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-124><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-124">^</A> Moll, Rob (2009-03-01). "<A class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2006/003/16.28.html" rel=nofollow>Missions Incredible</A>". Christianity Today. Christianity Today International. <A class="external free" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2006/003/16.28.html" rel=nofollow>http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2006/003/16.28.html</A>. Retrieved 2009-02-17.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Missions+Incredible&rft.atitle=Christianity+Today&rft.aulast=Moll&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft.au=Moll%2C%26%2332%3BRob&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft.pub=Christianity+Today+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fct%2F2006%2F003%2F16.28.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-125><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-125">^</A> "<A class="external text" href="http://www.buddhismtoday.com/english/world/country/027-korea.htm" rel=nofollow>Buddhism in Korea</A>". Korean Buddhism Magazine, Seoul. 1997. <A class="external free" href="http://www.buddhismtoday.com/english/world/country/027-korea.htm" rel=nofollow>http://www.buddhismtoday.com/english/world/country/027-korea.htm</A>. Retrieved 2009-02-17.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Buddhism+in+Korea&rft.atitle=&rft.date=1997&rft.pub=Korean+Buddhism+Magazine%2C+Seoul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhismtoday.com%2Fenglish%2Fworld%2Fcountry%2F027-korea.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-126><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-126">^</A> "<A class="external text" href="http://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108411.htm" rel=nofollow>International Religious Freedom Report 2008 - Korea, Republic of</A>". <A title="United States Department of State" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State">United States Department of State</A>. 2009-09-19. <A class="external free" href="http://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108411.htm" rel=nofollow>http://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108411.htm</A>. Retrieved 2009-02-17.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=International+Religious+Freedom+Report+2008+-+Korea%2C+Republic+of&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2009-09-19&rft.pub=%5B%5BUnited+States+Department+of+State%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2008%2F108411.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-127><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-127">^</A> <A class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/subdivisions/koreanzen.shtml" rel=nofollow>BBC – Korean Zen Buddhism</A> <LI id=cite_note-128><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-128">^</A> <A class="external text" href="http://www.islamawareness.net/Asia/KoreaSouth/ks_news002.html" rel=nofollow>Islam takes root and blooms</A> <LI id=cite_note-129><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-129">^</A> "<A class="external text" href="http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200809/200809110016.html" rel=nofollow>Korea’s Muslims Mark Ramadan</A>". <A title="The Chosun Ilbo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chosun_Ilbo">The Chosun Ilbo</A>. September 11, 2008. <A class="external free" href="http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200809/200809110016.html" rel=nofollow>http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200809/200809110016.html</A>. Retrieved 2008-10-09.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Korea%E2%80%99s+Muslims+Mark+Ramadan&rft.atitle=&rft.date=September+11%2C+2008&rft.pub=%5B%5BThe+Chosun+Ilbo%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.chosun.com%2Fw21data%2Fhtml%2Fnews%2F200809%2F200809110016.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-Fairbank_et_al.-130><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-Fairbank_et_al._130-0">^</A> John K. Fairbank, Edwin O. Reischauer & Albert M. Craig (1978). East Asia: Tradition & Transformation. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. <A title="International Standard Book Number" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</A> <A title=Special:BookSources/039525812X href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/039525812X">039525812X</A>.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+Asia%3A+Tradition+%26+Transformation&rft.aulast=John+K.+Fairbank%2C+Edwin+O.+Reischauer+%26+Albert+M.+Craig&rft.au=John+K.+Fairbank%2C+Edwin+O.+Reischauer+%26+Albert+M.+Craig&rft.date=1978&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company%2C+Boston&rft.isbn=039525812X&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-131><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-131">^</A> "<A class="external text" href="http://www.mct.go.kr/english/section/bureau/cultural_1.jsp" rel=nofollow>Associated Organisations</A>". MCT Website. <A class="external free" href="http://www.mct.go.kr/english/section/bureau/cultural_1.jsp" rel=nofollow>http://www.mct.go.kr/english/section/bureau/cultural_1.jsp</A>. Retrieved 2006-04-11.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Associated+Organisations&rft.atitle=MCT+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mct.go.kr%2Fenglish%2Fsection%2Fbureau%2Fcultural_1.jsp&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  See also "<A class="external text" href="http://www.kcaf.or.kr/ehome3/mission.htm" rel=nofollow>Mission and Goal</A>". Korea Cultural Administration website. <A class="external free" href="http://www.kcaf.or.kr/ehome3/mission.htm" rel=nofollow>http://www.kcaf.or.kr/ehome3/mission.htm</A>. Retrieved 2006-04-11.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Mission+and+Goal&rft.atitle=Korea+Cultural+Administration+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcaf.or.kr%2Fehome3%2Fmission.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI id=cite_note-132><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea#cite_ref-132">^</A> KOIS (2003), p.632. </LI></OL></DIV> <H2>[<A title="Edit section: References" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=35">edit</A>] References</H2> <DIV class=references-small> <UL> <LI>Cumings, Bruce (1997). Korea's place in the sun. New York: W.W. Norton. <A title="International Standard Book Number" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</A> <A title=Special:BookSources/0-393-31681-5 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-31681-5">0-393-31681-5</A>.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korea%27s+place+in+the+sun&rft.aulast=Cumings%2C+Bruce&rft.au=Cumings%2C+Bruce&rft.date=1997&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.isbn=0-393-31681-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI>KOIS (<A class=new title="Korea Overseas Information Service (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korea_Overseas_Information_Service&action=edit&redlink=1">Korea Overseas Information Service</A>) (2003). Handbook of Korea, 11th ed.. Seoul: <A title="Hollym (publishing house)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollym_(publishing_house)">Hollym</A>. <A title="International Standard Book Number" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</A> <A title=Special:BookSources/1-56591-212-8 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56591-212-8">1-56591-212-8</A>.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Korea%2C+11th+ed.&rft.aulast=KOIS+%28%5B%5BKorea+Overseas+Information+Service%5D%5D%29&rft.au=KOIS+%28%5B%5BKorea+Overseas+Information+Service%5D%5D%29&rft.date=2003&rft.place=Seoul&rft.pub=%5B%5BHollym+%28publishing+house%29%7CHollym%5D%5D&rft.isbn=1-56591-212-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI>Nahm, Andrew C. (1996). Korea: A history of the Korean people (2nd ed.). Seoul: Hollym. <A title="International Standard Book Number" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</A> <A title=Special:BookSources/1-56591-070-2 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56591-070-2">1-56591-070-2</A>.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korea%3A+A+history+of+the+Korean+people+%282nd+ed.%29&rft.aulast=Nahm%2C+Andrew+C.&rft.au=Nahm%2C+Andrew+C.&rft.date=1996&rft.place=Seoul&rft.pub=Hollym&rft.isbn=1-56591-070-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI>Yang, Sung Chul (1999). The North and South Korean political systems: A comparative analysis (rev. ed.). Seoul: Hollym. <A title="International Standard Book Number" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</A> <A title=Special:BookSources/1-56591-105-9 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56591-105-9">1-56591-105-9</A>.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+North+and+South+Korean+political+systems%3A+A+comparative+analysis+%28rev.+ed.%29&rft.aulast=Yang%2C+Sung+Chul&rft.au=Yang%2C+Sung+Chul&rft.date=1999&rft.place=Seoul&rft.pub=Hollym&rft.isbn=1-56591-105-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI>Yonhap News Agency (2004). Korea Annual 2004. Seoul: Author. <A title="International Standard Book Number" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</A> <A title=Special:BookSources/89-7433-070-9 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/89-7433-070-9">89-7433-070-9</A>.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korea+Annual+2004&rft.aulast=Yonhap+News+Agency&rft.au=Yonhap+News+Agency&rft.date=2004&rft.place=Seoul&rft.pub=Author&rft.isbn=89-7433-070-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI>Dennis Hart (2003). From Tradition to Consumption: Constructing a Capitalist Culture in South Korea. Seoul: Author. <A title="International Standard Book Number" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</A> <A title=Special:BookSources/89-88095-44-8 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/89-88095-44-8">89-88095-44-8</A>.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Tradition+to+Consumption%3A+Constructing+a+Capitalist+Culture+in+South+Korea&rft.aulast=Dennis+Hart&rft.au=Dennis+Hart&rft.date=2003&rft.place=Seoul&rft.pub=Author&rft.isbn=89-88095-44-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  <LI><A title="Michael Breen (author)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Breen_(author)">Michael Breen</A> (2004). <A title="The Koreans (book)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Koreans_(book)">The Koreans: Who They Are, What They Want, Where Their Future Lies</A>. St. Martin's Griffin. <A title="International Standard Book Number" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</A> <A title=Special:BookSources/0312326092 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0312326092">0312326092</A>.<SPAN class=Z3988 title=ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5B%5BThe+Koreans+%28book%29%7CThe+Koreans%3A+Who+They+Are%2C+What+They+Want%2C+Where+Their+Future+Lies%5D%5D&rft.aulast=%5B%5BMichael+Breen+%28author%29%7CMichael+Breen%5D%5D&rft.au=%5B%5BMichael+Breen+%28author%29%7CMichael+Breen%5D%5D&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Griffin&rft.isbn=0312326092&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:South_Korea>  </LI></UL></DIV> <H2>[<A title="Edit section: External links" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&action=edit&section=36">edit</A>] External links</H2> <DIV style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #aaa 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: #aaa 1px solid; MARGIN: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 0.5em; BORDER-TOP: #aaa 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #aaa 1px solid" class="noprint tright portal"> <TABLE style="LINE-HEIGHT: 110%; BACKGROUND: #f9f9f9; FONT-SIZE: 85%"> <TBODY> <TR> <TD><A class=image href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korea_gyeongbokgung.jpg"><IMG alt="Korea gyeongbokgung.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Korea_gyeongbokgung.jpg/21px-Korea_gyeongbokgung.jpg" width=21 height=28></A></TD> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.2em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.2em; PADDING-TOP: 0px"><A title=Portal:Korea href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Korea">Korea portal</A></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <TABLE style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #aaa 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: #aaa 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f9f9f9; BORDER-TOP: #aaa 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #aaa 1px solid" class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small"> <TBODY> <TR> <TD class=mbox-image><A title="Search Wikimedia Commons" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea"><IMG alt="Search Wikimedia Commons" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width=40 height=54></A></TD> <TD class=mbox-text><A title="Wikimedia Commons" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons">Wikimedia Commons</A> has media related to: <A class=extiw title="commons:South Korea" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/South_Korea">South Korea</A></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <DIV style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 1em; PADDING-LEFT: 1em; PADDING-RIGHT: 1em; FONT-SIZE: 90%; PADDING-TOP: 0.5em" class="infobox sisterproject"> <DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"> Find more about South Korea on Wikipedia's <A title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects">sister projects</A>:</DIV><A title="Search Wiktionary" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea"><IMG alt="Search Wiktionary" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/25px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" width=25 height=27></A> <A class=extiw title="wikt:Special:Search/South Korea" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea">Definitions</A> from Wiktionary <A title="Search Wikibooks" href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea"><IMG alt="Search Wikibooks" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" width=25 height=25></A> <A class=extiw title="b:Special:Search/South Korea" href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea">Textbooks</A> from Wikibooks <A title="Search Wikiquote" href="http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea"><IMG alt="Search Wikiquote" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" width=25 height=30></A> <A class=extiw title="q:Special:Search/South Korea" href="http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea">Quotations</A> from Wikiquote <A title="Search Wikisource" href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea"><IMG alt="Search Wikisource" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/25px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" width=25 height=26></A> <A class=extiw title="s:Special:Search/South Korea" href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea">Source texts</A> from Wikisource <A title="Search Commons" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea"><IMG alt="Search Commons" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width=25 height=34></A> <A class=extiw title="commons:Special:Search/South Korea" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea">Images and media</A> from Commons <A title="Search Wikinews" href="http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea"><IMG alt="Search Wikinews" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" width=25 height=14></A> <A class=extiw title="n:Special:Search/South Korea" href="http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea">News stories</A> from Wikinews <A title="Search Wikiversity" href="http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea"><IMG alt="Search Wikiversity" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg/25px-Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg.png" width=25 height=23></A> <A class=extiw title="v:Special:Search/South Korea" href="http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/South_Korea">Learning resources</A> from Wikiversity </DIV> <UL> <LI><A class="external text" href="http://www.visitkorea.or.kr/intro.html" rel=nofollow>The Official Korea Tourism Guide Site</A> <LI><A class="external text" href="http://www.korea.net/" rel=nofollow>Korea.net: Gateway to Korea</A> <LI><A class="external text" href="http://www.nso.go.kr/eng2006/emain/index.html" rel=nofollow>Korea National Statistical Office</A> <LI><A class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/nations/Korea" rel=nofollow>South South Korea</A> in <A title="Encyclopædia Britannica" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</A> <LI><A class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ks.html" rel=nofollow>South Korea</A> entry at <A title="The World Factbook" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Factbook">The World Factbook</A> <LI><A class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/krtoc.html" rel=nofollow>A Country Study: South Korea</A> in the <A title="Library of Congress" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress">Library of Congress</A> <LI><A class="external text" href="http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Asia/South_Korea//" rel=nofollow>South Korea</A> at the <A title="Open Directory Project" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Directory_Project">Open Directory Project</A> <LI><A class="external text" href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Korea__South/" rel=nofollow>South Korea</A> at the <A title="Yahoo! Directory" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_Directory">Yahoo! Directory</A> <LI><A class="external text" href="http://www.turbomaps.com.ar/english/southkorea.php" rel=nofollow>Main cities of South Korea</A>, satellite views and geographical coordinates </LI></UL> <TABLE class=navbox cellSpacing=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; PADDING-TOP: 2px"> <TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%; BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%" id=collapsibleTable0 class="nowraplinks collapsible {{{state}}}" cellSpacing=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TH class=navbox-title colSpan=2>[<A id=collapseButton0 href="javascript:collapseTable(0);">hide</A>] <DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; WIDTH: 6em; FLOAT: left"> <DIV style="BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: none; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP-STYLE: none; BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; FONT-SIZE: xx-small; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: none; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="noprint plainlinks navbar"><A title="Template:Korea topics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Korea_topics">v</A> • <A title="Template talk:Korea topics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Korea_topics">d</A> • <A class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Korea_topics&action=edit" rel=nofollow>e</A></DIV></DIV><A title=Korea href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea">Korea</A> <A title="Index of Korea-related articles" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Korea-related_articles">topics</A></TH></TR> <TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"> <TD></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="BACKGROUND: lavender; FONT-SIZE: 100%; FONT-WEIGHT: bold" class=navbox-abovebelow colSpan=2><A title="North Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea"><IMG class=thumbborder alt="North Korea" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" width=22 height=11></A> <A title="North Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea">North Korea</A> · <A title="South Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea"><IMG class=thumbborder alt="South Korea" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" width=22 height=15></A> South Korea</TD></TR> <TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"> <TD></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colSpan=2> <DIV style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.25em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.25em; PADDING-TOP: 0em"></DIV> <TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" id=collapsibleTable1 class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" cellSpacing=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TH style="BACKGROUND: #eee" class=navbox-title colSpan=2>[<A id=collapseButton1 href="javascript:collapseTable(1);">show</A>] <DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; WIDTH: 6em; FLOAT: left"> </DIV><A title="History of Korea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Korea">History</A></TH></TR> <TR style="DISPLAY: none; HEIGHT: 2px"> <TD></TD></TR> <TR style="DISPLAY: none"> <TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.25em; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.4em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0.25em" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colSpan=2> <DIV style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.25em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.25em; PADDING-TOP: 0em"> <A title="Timeline of Korean history" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Korean_history">Timeline</A> · <A class=mw-redirect title="List of Korean monarchs" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Korean_monarchs">List of monarchs</A> · <A title="Military history o