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  <title>알파코스</title>
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  <id>tag:blog.daum.net,2009:alphacourse</id>
  <updated>2009-11-06T18:42:32Z</updated>

  		<entry>
	    <title>루터교의 에큐메니칼 운동</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://blog.daum.net/alphacourse/11297395"/>
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	    <author>
		    <name>푸르름</name>
	    </author>
	    <updated>2009-11-06T18:42:32Z</updated>
	    <published>2009-11-06T18:42:32Z</published>
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&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;EMBED height=300 type=application/x-shockwave-flash width=400 src=http://vimeo.com/moogaloop.swf?clip_id=7230798&amp;server=vimeo.com&amp;show_title=1&amp;show_byline=1&amp;show_portrait=0&amp;color=&amp;fullscreen=1 wmode=&quot;transparent&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;/EMBED&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.vimeo.com/7230798&quot; target=_blank&gt;http://www.vimeo.com/7230798&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;/EMBED&gt;&lt;EMBED height=361 type=application/x-shockwave-flash width=600 src=http://static.photobucket.com/player.swf?file=http://vid281.photobucket.com/albums/kk240/2008EarthHealing/EHIVid9b-shortEnvirocrisismessageBi.flv allowFullscreen=&quot;true&quot; allowNetworking=&quot;all&quot; wmode=&quot;transparent&quot;&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;TD height=25 vAlign=center align=middle&gt;&lt;FONT color=#4b4b4b size=3 face=&quot;Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;I&gt;Bethel Lutheran Church in Winchester, Virginia presents...&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD vAlign=center align=middle&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.faithdaily.com/interfaith/ifaithimages/ifaithselect.jpg&quot; useMap=#welcome1bc3a2720&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR height=20&gt;
&lt;TD height=20 vAlign=center align=middle&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff size=1 face=Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Swiss,SunSans-Regular&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.newquestfaith.com/&quot; target=_blank&gt;Produced in cooperation with NewQuest Faith | ©2005 NewQuest, Inc. All rights reserved.&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.bethelwinchester.com/interfaith/index.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.bethelwinchester.com/interfaith/index.html&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
	    </content>
	    	</entry>
    	<entry>
	    <title>카톨릭의 유골 숭배</title>
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		<id>tag:blog.daum.net,2009:alphacourse.11297394</id>
	    <author>
		    <name>푸르름</name>
	    </author>
	    <updated>2009-11-06T18:14:25Z</updated>
	    <published>2009-11-06T18:14:25Z</published>
	    <content type="html">
	    	&lt;H2&gt;Rome&lt;/H2&gt;
&lt;DIV class=entry&gt;
&lt;DIV class=snap_preview&gt;
&lt;DIV class=mceTemp&gt;
&lt;H3&gt;&lt;EM&gt;Pope bows before crowned skull of Czech saint&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/H3&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;Pope Benedict XVI has bowed before the skull of the Czech Republic’s patron saint before an open-air mass for the country’s youth.&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://ivarfjeld.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/1049573-svatovaclavska-pou-ve-stare-boleslavi.jpg&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;IMG class=&quot;size-full wp-image-7479&quot; title=1049573-svatovaclavska-pou-ve-stare-boleslavi alt=&quot;The skull of a man who died 1000 year ago is adored and venerated by the Roman Catholics&quot; src=&quot;http://ivarfjeld.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/1049573-svatovaclavska-pou-ve-stare-boleslavi.jpg?w=450&amp;h=318&quot; width=450 height=318&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;WIDTH: 460px&quot; id=attachment_7479 class=&quot;wp-caption aligncenter&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; 
&lt;P class=wp-caption-text&gt;The skull of a man who died 1000 years ago is adored and venerated by the Roman Catholics and the Pope.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://ivarfjeld.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/1049573-svatovaclavska-pou-ve-stare-boleslavi.jpg&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Sunday, The 82-year-old pope visited the Saint Wenceslas Basilica in Stara Bolesav, just outside Prague. There he paid homage to the saint on the anniversary of his murder more than 1,000 years ago.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Saint Wenceslas, who was duke of Bohemia until his death, was murdered by his power-hungry pagan brother Boleslav on September 28th, 935 A.D at the gate of a church that used to stand where the basilica is now.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The pope also venerated the so-called Palladium, a small metal picture of the Virgin Mary with Infant Jesus, which according to legend the saint wore on his neck.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Afterwards Benedict headed to a field to celebrate mass before tens of thousands of pilgrims on the last day of his three-day visit to the former communist country.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Most Czechs are non-Catholics, with Papists making up less than a third of the 10.3-million population, according to Vatican data.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://ivarfjeld.wordpress.com/rome/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://ivarfjeld.wordpress.com/rome/&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
	    </content>
	    	</entry>
    	<entry>
	    <title>200명의 루터교 노르웨이 사제들이 프리메이슨으로 등용되다</title>
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		<id>tag:blog.daum.net,2009:alphacourse.11297393</id>
	    <author>
		    <name>푸르름</name>
	    </author>
	    <updated>2009-11-06T17:23:11Z</updated>
	    <published>2009-11-06T17:23:11Z</published>
	    <content type="html">
	    	&lt;H2&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Permanent Link: 200 Lutheran priests in Norway are hired freemasons in Vatican&amp;nbsp;orders&quot; href=&quot;http://ivarfjeld.wordpress.com/2009/10/20/200-lutheran-priests-in-norway-are-freemasons-promoting-rome/&quot; rel=bookmark&gt;200 Lutheran priests in Norway are hired freemasons in Vatican&amp;nbsp;orders&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/H2&gt;
&lt;DIV class=entry&gt;
&lt;SCRIPT type=text/javascript src=&quot;http://s.wordpress.com/wp-content/plugins/adverts/adsense.js?1&quot;&gt;&lt;/SCRIPT&gt;

&lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;All freemasons are under the secret leadership of the «Black Pope». He is the Jesuit General in Rome. The Church of Norway has 200 priests who are freemasons. 150 of them have reached the eight grade. &lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;DIV style=&quot;WIDTH: 456px&quot; id=attachment_7856 class=&quot;wp-caption aligncenter&quot;&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://ivarfjeld.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/audience_02b.jpg&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;IMG class=&quot;size-full wp-image-7856&quot; title=audience_02b alt=&quot;Adolfo Nicolas is the new Superior General of the Jesuits Roman Catholic. Here together with the «White Pope».&quot; src=&quot;http://ivarfjeld.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/audience_02b.jpg?w=446&amp;h=391&quot; width=446 height=391&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/EM&gt; 
&lt;P class=wp-caption-text&gt;Adolfo Nicolas is the new Superior General of the Jesuit Roman Catholics. Here together with the «White Pope».&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The head of all freemasons are the Jesuit General in Rome. He is also called the «Black Pope», a man who keep a low profile. The mission of the freemasons is to infiltrate all kinds of Protestant Churches. Their task is to bring these Churches back under the control of Rome. If not back to Rome, at least weaken or destroy them.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The leaders of the freemasons are called Grand Masters. Only on this level the link to the Vatican is established and fully known. The Grand Masters takes the orders directly from the Black Pope.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;A few weeks back the a book named «The secrets of the freemasons» were published in Norway. The author Roger Aase worked inside the system for 15 years, and reached the ninth grade, before leaving and exposing this satanic system.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;DIV style=&quot;WIDTH: 141px&quot; id=attachment_7857 class=&quot;wp-caption alignleft&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://ivarfjeld.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/pope_-adolfo-nicolas.jpg&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;IMG class=&quot;size-thumbnail wp-image-7857&quot; title=&quot;ITALY POPE JESUIT&quot; alt=&quot;Black and white heads in the Vatican. &quot; src=&quot;http://ivarfjeld.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/pope_-adolfo-nicolas.jpg?w=131&amp;h=150&quot; width=131 height=150&gt;&lt;/A&gt; 
&lt;P class=wp-caption-text&gt;Black and white heads in the Vatican. &lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Lutheran Christians in Norway are unknowingly supporting priests that have sworn secret oats based on an anti-Christian agenda. The problem is much more serious than earlier known, and are at present destroying the reformed Christian Church of Norway. The Church is approaching the level of Spiritual bankruptcy.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;There are 1200 priest in Norway working in different parishes all over the nation. 200 of them are freemasons, and 150 of these confused and hidden Papal soldiers have reached the eight grade.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Lutheran Christians in Norway have for years swallowed camel after camel. If you are able to stay put in this state controlled Church after this huge camel has been exposed, you will never be able to duck and hide from the coming judgment.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Stand up for the truth. Wake up before its too late.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://ivarfjeld.wordpress.com/2009/10/20/200-lutheran-priests-in-norway-are-freemasons-promoting-rome/&quot; target=_blank&gt;http://ivarfjeld.wordpress.com/2009/10/20/200-lutheran-priests-in-norway-are-freemasons-promoting-rome/&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;CENTER&gt;
&lt;H1&gt;Welcome to The Lutheran Orange Order of Knights Templar &lt;/H1&gt;&lt;B&gt;Fr. Philip Mullen, Grand Preceptor&lt;BR&gt;2095 Langley Avenue&lt;BR&gt;Pensacola, Florida 32504&lt;BR&gt;USA&lt;BR&gt;Telephone (850) 479-3098&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;HR&gt;

&lt;H3&gt;+ Romans 5: 1-2 (KJV) + Here We Stand !&lt;/H3&gt;
&lt;P&gt;SOLEMN AFFIRMATION 
&lt;P&gt;PREAMBLE 
&lt;P&gt;+ In the Name of God: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. Amen! 
&lt;P&gt;The Lutheran Orange Order of Knights Templar is a LOYAL &amp; conservative Orthodox Lutheran Christian Chivalric Order. We were founded on St. Patrick's Day, March 17th, 2007 as The Independent Loyal Orange Association. Our name was amended to The Lutheran Orange Order of Knights Templar, in 2008, to better express what we have continued to be from our foundation. We redress a crying need in our Orange Tradition, for we have returned to the uncompromising integrity of our Evangelical Protestant Christian &amp; Franco-British American Heritage. Moreover, we oppose Freemasonry and all Anti-Christian Lodgery, as well as all other False Religion. We are not a &quot;Lodge&quot;, nor are we a &quot;Secret Society&quot;, nor is membership by Oaths. Our membership is by Subscription, with Donations and Investiture following. As Poor Fellow Knights &amp; Dames of Christ and the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem -- we are structured as Preceptories, under a Grand Preceptory -- our only Grand Master being Christ Himself. Various offices serve our Order as needed. But we have only one rank for adult members (age 12 and over) -- Knight/Dame. Children join the Order under their parent's membership, as Squires/Damsels. 
&lt;P&gt;Firstly, our Order honours Our God and Only Saviour, Jesus Christ. Under God, our Order also honours all true Christian Crusaders, especially the Knights Templar, who have ever fought against the Aggression and Tyranny of the Mohammedan Infidels. Moreover, we honour the Dutch King William III of Orange, who upon being elected to the British Throne (the Glorious Revolution of 1688, and the founding of the original Loyal Orange Association in England) -- was an instrument of the Lord in securing Responsible Constitutional Government Under God (Romans 13:1-6). Good King &quot;Billy&quot; defended our Protestant Faith, God's Law in the Civic Use, and our Civil Liberties under God's Law. King William's Royal Colours were Orange &amp; Purple -- hence our colour usage of orange &amp; purple -- with red, white, and blue. The &quot;Hillbillies&quot; of America's Appalachian Mountains are so named because of their Franco-British (Ulster Scots, English, &amp; French Huguenot) cultural heritage &amp; loyalties. Orange institutions are found in the United Kingdom of Great Britain &amp; Northern Ireland, the British Commonwealth Countries, the Republic of Ireland, the Netherlands, France, Africa, the United States, and other nations. 
&lt;P&gt;We are dedicated to promoting our conservative Protestant Christian Heritage; our British American Cultural Heritage; the British Loyalist and Unionist Cause; Responsible Constitutional Government Under God; Good Relations Between the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, the United States, and all Mankind; and Patriotism. We are Pro-Life, Pro-Family, and Pro-Creationist -- in loving service to Persecuted Christians and all the Needy under God. Thus, we specifically affirm and promote the following: 
&lt;P&gt;THE SIX PRECEPTS 
&lt;P&gt;1.) That the 66 Books of the Old &amp; New Testaments which constitute the Holy Bible are the infallible, inerrant, &amp; verbally inspired Word of God. God's Word is the Formal Principle -- the absolute Ruling Rule &amp; Plenary Norm of faith, practice, and all things -- Divinely Preserved in the Masoretic Hebrew &amp; Byzantine Greek TEXTUS RECEPTUS of Christ's One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church (as found in Luther's Bible, the King James Version, &amp; other God-honoured texts of Reformation heritage). Christ's Church also reads the Fourteen Books of the Apocrypha -- they are derived from, in harmony with, and subordinate to the Holy Bible. 
&lt;P&gt;2.) The three ancient Christian Symbols of Faith: the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed, and the Athanasian Creed -- as well as the Unaltered Augsburg Confession of 1530 (the Primary Reformation Symbol), and the other Orthodox Lutheran Symbols of the Orthodox Lutheran Alliance. Vitally important are such Biblical doctrines upheld in these aforementioned Symbols as the following: 
&lt;P&gt;God the Holy Trinity; Man's Total Depravity; Christ's Perfect Humanity &amp; Divinity; Christ's Universal Atonement; Justification by Grace through Faith in Christ alone -- the Material Principle (Romans 1:16-17 &amp; Galatians 2:16-21); God's Word of Law &amp; Gospel; the Holy Ghost &amp; the Means of Grace (i.e., God's Word and the Sacraments of the Gospel); as well as Predestination and Final Perseverance to Eternal Life alone. God's Word and the aforementioned Symbols are also expressed in the five Reformation &quot;Solas&quot; -- that we are saved through Faith Alone, by Grace Alone, by Christ Alone, by God's Word Alone, and all to the Glory of God Alone. 
&lt;P&gt;The aforementioned Orthodox Lutheran Christian Symbols are a Pure Exposition And True Summary of God's Word in regard to the Christian Faith -- and the Protestant Reformers had a most reverent regard for them. 
&lt;P&gt;3.) We reject and condemn all Infidelity (Unbelief), Apostasy, Heresy, Error, and Immorality ancient &amp; modern (Ephesians 5:11). 
&lt;P&gt;4.) We affirm and promote the properly distinct roles, functions, and cooperation between the Divine Institution of Christ's Church and the Divine Institution of the State Under God. We reject &amp; condemn all False Ecumenical relations, and all Anti-Christian Political Parties &amp; Anti-Christian influence in Civil Government. 
&lt;P&gt;5.) Remembering and practicing the Biblical virtues of Faith, Hope, and Charity -- we shall ever promote good relations as law-abiding Protestant Christian citizens, as we lovingly relate to all people. God would have all men to repent and believe the Gospel -- to be saved and enjoy eternal life in Christ Jesus. We are called to be Poor Knights and Dames of Christ, ever engaged in His Holy Crusade to refer precious souls to the Lord -- by His Word of Law and Gospel. Thus, we shall keep every Lord's Day and all Christian Festivals holy -- by ever resorting to God's Word and the Sacraments of the Gospel as the Means of Grace. While we gladly display the Red Cross of St. George on White as our flag &amp; coat of arms -- and vest in our chivalric regalia of solemn black &amp; white habits, orange &amp; purple ribbon collars, and the Holy Crucifix -- our most basic ornament is prayerfully devout and holy lives in God's service, with a firm trust in our Lord and only Saviour Jesus Christ. Likewise our parades, preceptory chapters, and other assemblies shall be opportunities for us to give glory to the Lord -- and thank God for our good heritage. 
&lt;P&gt;With this in mind, all postulants for this Order shall be members in good standing of a local conservative Orthodox Lutheran Christian congregation -- for at least one year before joining the Lutheran Orange Order of Knights Templar as members. Moreover, all postulants and members, if married -- shall be married to a conservative Orthodox Lutheran Christian spouse, with all their children in their minority being conservative Orthodox Lutheran Christians. Postulants shall submit full contact and biographical information (including Name, Address, Telephone Numbers, Dates of Birth &amp; Baptism, References, etc.) as requested, pending background verification, prior to Subscription. The Cyber Preceptory shall exist for subscribed members-at-large, as defined in the Rule (i.e., the By-Laws). All members shall abide by this Solemn Affirmation; the Rule; and the good order of the Preceptory, the Grand Preceptory, and the Officers of the Lutheran Orange Order of Knights Templar under God. 
&lt;P&gt;6.) Without Compromise or False Ecumenism, we are Truly &amp; FRATERNALLY Ecumenical in carefully defined ways with all conservative Protestant Christians. Our cooperation and promotion includes Acceptable Prayer unto God; our Protestant Christian Heritage; our Franco-British American Heritage; the Christian American Revolution; the Franco-British Loyalist Cause; Responsible Constitutional Government Under God (ranging in form from Constitutional Monarchy to Constitutional Republic); Pro-Life, Pro-Family, and Pro-Creationist Causes; Education; Patriotism; Assisting Persecuted Christians; Helping The Needy; as well as other areas of Christian and Civic Life in which the Lutheran Orange Order of Knights Templar is engaged. We invite all conservative Protestant Christian individuals, married couples, and families to join us. 
&lt;P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Click &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.netministries.org/see/churches/ch20800&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;here&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; for Protestant Catholic Christianity! 
&lt;P&gt;Click &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.orange-pages.fsnet.co.uk/&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;here &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;for an Orange Website in the United Kingdom, which will reveal our respective differences -- as well as our agreements! &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;
&lt;HR&gt;

&lt;H3&gt;+ Subscription&lt;/H3&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I,____________________, being a conservative Orthodox Lutheran Christian (not a Freemason, or a member of any other Anti-Christian Organisation); a member in good standing of a conservative Orthodox Lutheran Christian congregation for at least one year; with my spouse (if any) and children (if any in their minority, under my custody) conservative Orthodox Lutheran Christians -- do completely and without reservation subscribe to, agree with, and will promote the aforementioned Solemn Affirmation of The Lutheran Orange Order of Knights Templar. In this way I am loyally promoting our conservative Protestant Christian Chivalric Heritage, all Christian Good Works, the Christian American Revolution, our Franco-British American Heritage, Franco-British American Loyalism, Patriotism, our Civil Laws, and our Civil Liberties under God. So Help Me God, through our Lord and Only Saviour Jesus Christ! + Amen! &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;HR&gt;

&lt;CENTER&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;For information contact: &lt;A href=&quot;mailto:frphilipmullen@yahoo.com&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;frphilipmullen@yahoo.com&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Last Update: Mon Nov 02 17:55:53 2009 (CST)&lt;BR&gt;This page has been accessed: &lt;B&gt;2998&lt;/B&gt; times.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;To apply for a FREE Web page like this for your charity or ministry &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.netministries.org/qualify.htm&quot; target=_top&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Click Here.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;This Web page is sponsored by &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.netministries.org/index.html&quot; target=_top&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Net Ministries&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;.&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.netministries.org/index.html&quot; target=_top&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 hspace=4 alt=&quot;[Net Ministries Home]&quot; align=absMiddle src=&quot;http://www.netministries.org/art/minilogo.gif&quot; width=124&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.netministries.org/see/charmin/cm09358&quot; target=_blank&gt;http://www.netministries.org/see/charmin/cm09358&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;H2 class=date-header&gt;Sunday, December 31, 2006&lt;/H2&gt;&lt;!-- Begin .post --&gt;
&lt;DIV class=post&gt;&lt;A name=116758677424949348&gt;&lt;/A&gt;
&lt;H3 class=post-title&gt;A former Swedish Lutheran tells his story &lt;/H3&gt;
&lt;DIV class=post-body&gt;
&lt;DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV style=&quot;CLEAR: both&quot;&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=justify&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;From the December 2006 issue of &quot;The Angelus&quot;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;EM&gt;In October 2006, The Angelus covered the conversion of a Lutheran pastor (Sten Sandmark) and his associate (Joacim Svensson) in Sweden. Joacim is now studying at St. Mary's College in St. Mary's, Kansas, ... in preparation to enter the seminary. We asked him some questions about his conversion and his thoughts and impressions about the Faith.&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Joacim, the story of a conversion in our days of crisis is so extraordinary, I hardly know where to begin. Tell us about your family background and religious upbringing.&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;I had no religion in my upbringing whatsoever. I was confirmed in the Lutheran Church when I was 14, and that was a path to belief in Christ.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;What led you to getting &quot;confirmed&quot;?&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;I just felt it was the right thing to do–and it was almost a calling. There were about 200 of us that were confirmed that year. And I was the only one of 200 who remained…Lutheran.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;How does Sweden fare in religious practice?&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Among the 9 million Swedes, 7 million are Lutherans. It was a National Church for 500 years (from c. 1520) until 2000. In reality, about 700,000 Lutherans are practicing their faith.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Why did it stop being a national church?&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;There was a separation that was agreed to by both Church and State. The Church wanted to be more liberated because the politicians, the Social Democratic party, ruled the Church. In 1958, the Lutheran Church decided to have women priests. All the professors, bishops, etc., were against it, but the politicians forced it.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Was there a schism?&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;No, there wasn't a problem; the &quot;hard-liners&quot; were marginalized. In the beginning they allowed those priests who didn't want to work with women priestesses to be left alone. Now, not anymore. Now every priest has to work with a woman priestess, and so now you have to sign a paper that you accept working with women priests. Homosexual couples will soon follow.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;So five years ago there was resistance, at least token, to these reforms–and now?&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Well, the bishops are all Social Democrats. If a bishop said he didn't want to ordain a woman, he was removed; and they would find a priest willing to ordain women, and so they would consecrate him. Remember, 500 years of Church and State joined meant that the political influence in the hierarchy was (and is) enormous. Most of the bishops and priests are Freemasons. In the population of the Lutheran Church, there has been a drop of one million members in the last 15-20 years, and there will be more and more as time goes on.&lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV align=justify&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://rorate-caeli.blogspot.com/2006/12/former-swedish-lutheran-tells-his.html&quot; target=_blank&gt;http://rorate-caeli.blogspot.com/2006/12/former-swedish-lutheran-tells-his.html&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;H1 align=center&gt;5.RELATIONSHIP TO THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH &lt;/H1&gt;&lt;!-- Horizontal Line Tag --&gt;
&lt;HR SIZE=15&gt;

&lt;P&gt;Ninety-six per cent of the respondents of the Freemason survey were members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. One per cent were Orthodox, and three per cent were not members of any church or religious community. Given that 83% of all Finnish men are members of the Church, the corresponding figure for Freemasons may be regarded as high.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Freemasons also had stronger ties with the Church than the average member. Of those Freemasons who were members of the Church, 30%&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Figure 13.&lt;/B&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;I&gt;The figure itself will come soon...&lt;/I&gt; &lt;BR&gt;Attitudes to withdrawal from the Church among those Freemasons to whom Freemasonry var very important/not very important. Freemason survey 1993. N=848. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;felt that they could not leave the Church under any circumstances (male average 23%), while 43% had never considered withdrawing their membership (average 29%). Seventeen per cent had contemplated withdrawal (average 12%), and a further four per cent had done so frequently (average 10%); but only 1 % of Freemasons considered it likely that they would in fact leave the Church at some point (average 5%). When making comparisons with the average population, one should, however, bear in mind that the likelihood of withdrawal is at its highest among the younger generations, and it is also the case among Freemasons that loyalty to the Church appears to be at its lowest in the youngest age group (those under 49), where 8% had frequently considered withdrawal and 2% regarded it as a probable outcome for themselves.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Church loyalty is strongest among those Freemasons for whom Freemasonry is important, whose expectations of Freemasonry have been fulfilled very well, and who consider Freemasonry an important part of their lives.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The main reasons among Freemasons for continued membership of the Church were the fact that the Church teaches the right values to children and the young (89%), their desire to avail themselves of Church ceremonies (88%), and the position of the Church as part of the Finnish way of life (87%). The Church's role in helping the third-world poor was the only factor among those listed to which Freemasons attached less importance than men on average (48% as against 60%). By comparison with the average male respondent, Freemasons attached far greater importance to the position of the Church as part of the Finnish way of life and to their own desire to support the Church and Christian values. Other factors which were of noticeably greater importance to Freemasons than to other men were the Chuch's role in supporting the position of the family in society, the fact that the Christian faith answers questions concerning the purpose of human life, and the fact that Church membership offers one a feeling of security.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Those respondents who considered Freemasonry a very important part of their lives also attached greater importance to all the various reasons for Church membership than did those to whom Freemasonry was not important.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Figure 14.&lt;/B&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;I&gt;The figure itself will come soon...&lt;/I&gt; &lt;BR&gt;Freemason survey and Gallup Ecclesiastica: the proportion of those (male) respondents who were members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church and regarded certain factors as very or fairly important grounds for continued membership.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Sixty-nine per cent of Freemasons felt that the Church provides competent answers to the spiritual problems of human life, and 67% also believed that the Church has valid answers to questions of morality. Both percentages were far higher than the corresponding average figures for Finnish men. Forty-four per cent of Freemasons felt that the Church provides competent answers to family problems (male average 22%), but only 13% commended the Church for its ability to deal with the social problems of today. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;!-- Link Tag --&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.ttg.sci.fi/heino/chapt6.html&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;IMG hspace=5 alt=&quot;Next page&quot; align=right src=&quot;http://www.ttg.sci.fi/gifs/bumore.gif&quot; height=20&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;!-- Link Tag --&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.ttg.sci.fi/heino/main.html&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;IMG hspace=5 alt=&quot;Back to article's coverpage&quot; align=right src=&quot;http://www.ttg.sci.fi/gifs/buhome.gif&quot; height=20&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.ttg.sci.fi/heino/chapt4.html&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;IMG hspace=5 alt=&quot;Previous page&quot; align=right src=&quot;http://www.ttg.sci.fi/gifs/bureturn.gif&quot; height=20&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.ttg.sci.fi/heino/chapt5.html&quot; target=_blank&gt;http://www.ttg.sci.fi/heino/chapt5.html&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN: 0px 2px 0px 6px&quot; align=left&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT style=&quot;BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffe430&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT color=#544b33&gt;&lt;B&gt;Pike&lt;/B&gt;’s right-hand man was &lt;B&gt;Phileas Walder&lt;/B&gt;, from Switzerland, who was a former Lutheran minister, a Masonic leader, occultist, and spiritualist. &lt;U&gt;Pike&lt;/U&gt; also worked closely with &lt;B&gt;Giusseppe Mazzini&lt;/B&gt; of Italy (1805-1872) who was a 33&lt;SUP&gt;rd&lt;/SUP&gt; degree Mason, who became head of &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/esp_sociopol_illuminati.htm&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT style=&quot;BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffe430&quot; color=#544b33&gt;&lt;U&gt;the Illuminati&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT style=&quot;BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffe430&quot; color=#544b33&gt; in 1834, and &lt;B&gt;who founded the Mafia in 1860.&lt;/B&gt; Together with &lt;U&gt;Mazzini&lt;/U&gt;, &lt;U&gt;Lord Henry Palmerston&lt;/U&gt; of England (1784-1865, 33&lt;SUP&gt;rd&lt;/SUP&gt; degree Mason), and &lt;U&gt;Otto von Bismarck&lt;/U&gt; from Germany (1815-1898, 33&lt;SUP&gt;rd&lt;/SUP&gt; degree Mason), &lt;B&gt;Albert Pike&lt;/B&gt; intended to use the Palladian Rite to create a Satanic umbrella group that would tie all Masonic groups together. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;U&gt;Albert Pike&lt;/U&gt; died on April 2, 1891, and was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery, although the corpse of &lt;B&gt;Pike&lt;/B&gt; currently lies in the headquarters of the Council of the 33&lt;SUP&gt;rd&lt;/SUP&gt; degree of the &lt;I&gt;Scottish Rite of Freemasonry&lt;/I&gt; in Washington, D.C. (see &lt;I&gt;The Deadly Deception&lt;/I&gt;, by &lt;B&gt;Jim Shaw&lt;/B&gt; - former 33&lt;SUP&gt;rd&lt;/SUP&gt; degree Mason and Past Master of all Scottish Rite bodies.)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT style=&quot;BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffe430&quot; color=#544b33&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT style=&quot;BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffe430&quot; color=#544b33&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT style=&quot;BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffe430&quot; color=#544b33&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT style=&quot;BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffe430&quot; color=#544b33&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN: 0px 2px 0px 6px&quot; class=post-body align=left&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN: 0px 2px 0px 6px&quot; class=post-body align=left&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/sociopol_vril07a.htm&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/sociopol_vril07a.htm&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
	    </content>
	    	</entry>
    	<entry>
	    <title>경건주의</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://blog.daum.net/alphacourse/11297392"/>
		<id>tag:blog.daum.net,2009:alphacourse.11297392</id>
	    <author>
		    <name>푸르름</name>
	    </author>
	    <updated>2009-11-06T08:47:34Z</updated>
	    <published>2009-11-06T08:47:34Z</published>
	    <content type="html">
	    	&lt;H1 id=firstHeading class=firstHeading&gt;Pietism&lt;/H1&gt;
&lt;H3 id=siteSub&gt;From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;/H3&gt;
&lt;DIV id=contentSub&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV id=jump-to-nav&gt;Jump to: &lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#column-one&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;navigation&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, &lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#searchInput&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;search&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;!-- start content --&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;WIDTH: 242px&quot; class=thumbinner&gt;&lt;A class=image href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Philipp_Jacob_Spener.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;IMG class=thumbimage alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Philipp_Jacob_Spener.jpg/240px-Philipp_Jacob_Spener.jpg&quot; width=240 height=299&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; 
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&lt;DIV class=magnify&gt;&lt;A class=internal title=Enlarge href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Philipp_Jacob_Spener.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;IMG alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; width=15 height=11&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;I&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Philipp Jakob Spener&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Jakob_Spener&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Philipp Jakob Spener&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; (1635-1705) known as the &quot;Father of Pietism&quot;.&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Pietism&lt;/B&gt; was a movement within &lt;A title=Lutheranism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheranism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, lasting from the late 17th century to the mid-18th century and later. It proved to be very influential throughout &lt;A title=Protestantism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Protestantism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; and &lt;A title=Anabaptist href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaptist&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Anabaptism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, inspiring not only &lt;A title=Anglicanism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicanism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Anglican&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; priest &lt;A title=&quot;John Wesley&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wesley&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;John Wesley&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; to begin the &lt;A title=Methodism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Methodist movement&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, but also &lt;A title=&quot;Alexander Mack&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Mack&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Alexander Mack&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; to begin the &lt;A title=&quot;Schwarzenau Brethren&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Brethren&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; movement. The Pietist movement combined the Lutheranism of the time with the &lt;A title=Calvinism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Reformed&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, and especially &lt;A title=Puritan href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritan&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Puritan&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, emphasis on individual &lt;A title=Piety href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piety&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;piety&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, and a vigorous &lt;A title=Christianity href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Christian&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; life.&lt;SUP id=cite_ref-0 class=reference&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#cite_note-0&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;[&lt;/SPAN&gt;1&lt;SPAN&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SUP&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;TABLE id=toc class=toc&gt;
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&lt;H2&gt;Contents&lt;/H2&gt;&lt;SPAN class=toctoggle&gt;[&lt;A id=togglelink class=internal href=&quot;javascript:toggleToc()&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;hide&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-1&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#Forerunners&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;1&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Forerunners&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-2&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#Etymology&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;2&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Etymology&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-3&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#History&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;3&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;History&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; 
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-4&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#Founding&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;3.1&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Founding&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-5&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#Early_leaders&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;3.2&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Early leaders&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-6&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#Later_history&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;3.3&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Later history&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-7&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#Radical_Pietism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;3.4&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Radical Pietism&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-8&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#Reformed_Pietism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;3.5&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Reformed Pietism&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-9&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#W.C3.BCrttemberg_Pietism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;3.6&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Württemberg Pietism&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-10&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#Descendants&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;3.7&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Descendants&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-11&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#See_also&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;4&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;See also&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-12&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#References&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;5&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;References&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-13&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#Further_reading&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;6&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Further reading&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-14&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#External_links&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;7&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;External links&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;H2&gt;&lt;SPAN class=editsection&gt;[&lt;A title=&quot;Edit section: Forerunners&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietism&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;edit&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN id=Forerunners class=mw-headline&gt;Forerunners&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/H2&gt;
&lt;DIV&gt;
&lt;TABLE style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.4em; WIDTH: 173px; FONT-SIZE: 85%&quot; class=infobox&gt;
&lt;TBODY&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TH style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; PADDING-LEFT: 6px; PADDING-RIGHT: 6px; FONT-SIZE: 160%; PADDING-TOP: 6px&quot; colSpan=2&gt;&lt;A title=Lutheranism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheranism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; colSpan=2&gt;&lt;A class=image href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LutherRose.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;IMG alt=LutherRose.jpg src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/LutherRose.jpg/125px-LutherRose.jpg&quot; width=125 height=123&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; colSpan=2&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Luther rose&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther_rose&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Luther's Seal&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD colSpan=2&gt;
&lt;TABLE style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #d3d3d3 1px solid&quot; id=collapsibleTable0 class=&quot;collapsible collapsed&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
&lt;TBODY&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TH style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: #d3d3d3 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: #d3d3d3 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; BACKGROUND: #e6e6fa; BORDER-TOP: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #d3d3d3 1px solid&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN class=collapseButton&gt;[&lt;A id=collapseButton0 href=&quot;javascript:collapseTable(0);&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;show&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Book of Concord&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Concord&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Book of Concord&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR style=&quot;DISPLAY: none&quot;&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Apostles' Creed&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed#The_Lutheran_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Apostles' Creed&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Nicene Creed&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Creed&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Nicene Creed&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Athanasian Creed&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasian_Creed&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Athanasian Creed&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Augsburg Confession&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg_Confession&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Augsburg Confession&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Apology of the Augsburg Confession&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Apology of the Augsburg Confession&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Luther's Small Catechism&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther%27s_Small_Catechism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Luther's Small Catechism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Luther's Large Catechism&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther%27s_Large_Catechism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Luther's Large Catechism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Smalcald Articles&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalcald_Articles&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Smalcald Articles&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatise_on_the_Power_and_Primacy_of_the_Pope&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Formula of Concord&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_of_Concord&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Formula of Concord&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD colSpan=2&gt;
&lt;TABLE style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #d3d3d3 1px solid&quot; id=collapsibleTable1 class=&quot;collapsible collapsed&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
&lt;TBODY&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TH style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: #d3d3d3 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: #d3d3d3 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; BACKGROUND: #e6e6fa; BORDER-TOP: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #d3d3d3 1px solid&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN class=collapseButton&gt;[&lt;A id=collapseButton1 href=&quot;javascript:collapseTable(1);&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;show&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;Word &amp; &lt;A title=Sacrament href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrament#Lutheran_teaching&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Sacrament&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR style=&quot;DISPLAY: none&quot;&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Justification (theology)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justification_(theology)#Lutheranism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Justification&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Law and Gospel&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_and_Gospel&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Law and Gospel&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Sola gratia&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sola_gratia&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Sola gratia&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Sola scriptura&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sola_scriptura&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Sola scriptura&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=Baptism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism#Protestant_Reformation&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Baptism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Infant baptism&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_baptism#Lutherans&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Infant Baptism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Eucharistic theology&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucharistic_theology#Lutherans&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lord's Supper&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Eucharist in the Lutheran Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Lutheran_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Eucharist&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Sacramental union&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramental_union&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Sacramental union&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Confession in the Lutheran Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confession_in_the_Lutheran_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Confession&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=Absolution href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolution#Lutheranism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Absolution&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Scholastic Lutheran Christology&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholastic_Lutheran_Christology&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Christology&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=Sanctification href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctification#Lutheranism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Sanctification&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Doctrine of the two kingdoms&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrine_of_the_two_kingdoms&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Two Kingdoms&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Priesthood of all believers&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priesthood_of_all_believers&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Priesthood of all believers&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Divine Providence&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Providence#Lutheran_theology&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Divine Providence&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Theology of the Cross&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theology_of_the_Cross&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Theology of the Cross&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD colSpan=2&gt;
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&lt;TBODY&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TH style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: #d3d3d3 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: #d3d3d3 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; BACKGROUND: #e6e6fa; BORDER-TOP: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #d3d3d3 1px solid&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN class=collapseButton&gt;[&lt;A id=collapseButton2 href=&quot;javascript:collapseTable(2);&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;show&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;Hymnody &amp; Music&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR style=&quot;DISPLAY: none&quot;&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;A Mighty Fortress Is Our God&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Mighty_Fortress_Is_Our_God&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;A Mighty Fortress Is Our God&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Christ lag in Todesbanden&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_lag_in_Todesbanden&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Christ Jesus Lay in Death's Strong Bands&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;God's Word Is Our Great Heritage&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%27s_Word_Is_Our_Great_Heritage&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;God's Word Is Our Great Heritage&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;How Great Thou Art (hymn)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_Great_Thou_Art_(hymn)&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;How Great Thou Art&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wie_sch%C3%B6n_leuchtet_der_Morgenstern&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;How Lovely Shines the Morning Star&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Es ist ein Ros entsprungen&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es_ist_ein_Ros_entsprungen&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lo, How a Rose E'er Blooming&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Allein zu dir, Herr Jesu Christ&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allein_zu_dir,_Herr_Jesu_Christ&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;In Thee alone, O Christ, my Lord&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ach_Gott,_vom_Himmel_sieh_darein&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;O Lord, Look Down from Heaven&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Now Thank We All Our God&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now_Thank_We_All_Our_God&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Now Thank We All Our God&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;O Sacred Head, Now Wounded&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Sacred_Head,_Now_Wounded&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;O Sacred Head, Now Wounded&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Passion Hymns&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passion_Hymns&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Passion Hymns&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Passion music&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passion_music&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Passion music&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme (chorale)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wachet_auf,_ruft_uns_die_Stimme_(chorale)&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Wake, Awake, for Night is Flying&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Johann Sebastian Bach&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann Sebastian Bach&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Dieterich Buxtehude&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieterich_Buxtehude&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Dieterich Buxtehude&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Johann Crüger&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Cr%C3%BCger&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann Crüger&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Paul Gerhardt&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Gerhardt&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Paul Gerhardt&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Johann Heermann&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Heermann&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann Heermann&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Felix Mendelssohn&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Felix Mendelssohn&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Johann Pachelbel&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Pachelbel&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann Pachelbel&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Hallgrímur Pétursson&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallgr%C3%ADmur_P%C3%A9tursson&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Hallgrímur Pétursson&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Michael Praetorius&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Praetorius&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Michael Praetorius&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Johann von Rist&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_von_Rist&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann von Rist&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Johann Walter&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Walter&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann Walter&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Catherine Winkworth&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Winkworth&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Catherine Winkworth&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=Cantata href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantata&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Cantata&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=Chorale href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorale&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Chorale&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Chorale prelude&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorale_prelude&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Chorale prelude&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
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&lt;TBODY&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TH style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: #d3d3d3 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: #d3d3d3 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; BACKGROUND: #e6e6fa; BORDER-TOP: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #d3d3d3 1px solid&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN class=collapseButton&gt;[&lt;A id=collapseButton3 href=&quot;javascript:collapseTable(3);&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;show&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Lutheranism by region&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism_by_region&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Globally&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;International Lutheran Council&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Lutheran_Council&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;International Lutheran Council&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Lutheran World Federation&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_World_Federation&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheran World Federation&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;List of Lutheran denominations&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lutheran_denominations&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;List of Lutheran church-bodies&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
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&lt;TH style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: #d3d3d3 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: #d3d3d3 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; BACKGROUND: #e6e6fa; BORDER-TOP: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #d3d3d3 1px solid&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN class=collapseButton&gt;[&lt;A id=collapseButton4 href=&quot;javascript:collapseTable(4);&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;show&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;History of Lutheranism&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Lutheranism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;History&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Protestant Reformation&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Protestant Reformation&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Martin Luther&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther#The_start_of_the_Reformation&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;The start of the Reformation&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Reformation in Denmark&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation_in_Denmark&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Reformation in Denmark&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Religion in Finland&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Finland#The_Reformation&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Reformation in Finland&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;History of Germany&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Germany#Reformation_and_Thirty_Years_War&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Reformation in Germany&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Religion in Iceland&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Iceland#The_Reformation&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Reformation in Iceland&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Religion in Norway&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Norway#Religion_from_the_reformation_until_1964&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Reformation in Norway&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Religion in Sweden&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden#The_Protestant_Reformation&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Reformation in Sweden&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Lutheran Orthodoxy&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Orthodoxy&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheran Orthodoxy&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=Gnesio-Lutherans href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnesio-Lutherans&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Gnesio-Lutherans&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;STRONG class=selflink&gt;Pietism&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=Laestadianism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laestadianism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Laestadianism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Old Lutherans&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Lutherans&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Old Lutherans&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=Neo-Lutheranism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Lutheranism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Neo-Lutheranism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;High Church Lutheranism&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Church_Lutheranism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;High Church Lutheranism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Confessional Lutheran&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessional_Lutheran&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Confessional Lutherans&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TH style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: #d3d3d3 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: #d3d3d3 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; BACKGROUND: #e6e6fa; BORDER-TOP: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #d3d3d3 1px solid&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN class=collapseButton&gt;[&lt;A id=collapseButton5 href=&quot;javascript:collapseTable(5);&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;show&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;Missionaries&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;John Campanius&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Campanius&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;John Campanius&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Ziegenbalg&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Hans Egede&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Egede&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Hans Egede&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Paul Henkel&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Henkel&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Paul Henkel&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;John Christian Frederick Heyer&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Christian_Frederick_Heyer&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;John Christian Frederick Heyer&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Wilhelm Sihler&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Sihler&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Wilhelm Sihler&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;F. C. D. Wyneken&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._C._D._Wyneken&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;F. C. D. Wyneken&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Paludan_Smith_Schreuder&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Lars Olsen Skrefsrud&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_Olsen_Skrefsrud&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lars Olsen Skrefsrud&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Ingwer_Nommensen&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Onesimos Nesib&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onesimos_Nesib&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Onesimos Nesib&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Paul Olaf Bodding&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Olaf_Bodding&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Paul Olaf Bodding&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Johann Flierl&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Flierl&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann Flierl&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Walter A. Maier&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_A._Maier&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Walter A. Maier&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Christian Keyser&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Keyser&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Christian Keyser&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;
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&lt;TH style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: #d3d3d3 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: #d3d3d3 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; BACKGROUND: #e6e6fa; BORDER-TOP: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #d3d3d3 1px solid&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN class=collapseButton&gt;[&lt;A id=collapseButton6 href=&quot;javascript:collapseTable(6);&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;show&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;Theologians&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Martin Luther&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Martin Luther&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; 
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;Wife: &lt;A title=&quot;Katharina Luther&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharina_Luther&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Katharina Luther&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Philipp Melanchthon&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Melanchthon&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Philipp Melanchthon&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Johannes Bugenhagen&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Bugenhagen&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johannes Bugenhagen&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Johannes Brenz&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Brenz&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johannes Brenz&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Justus Jonas&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justus_Jonas&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Justus Jonas&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Lucas Cranach the Elder&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas_Cranach_the_Elder&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lucas Cranach the Elder&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Hans Tausen&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Tausen&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Hans Tausen&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Laurentius Petri&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurentius_Petri&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Laurentius Petri&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Olaus Petri&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaus_Petri&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Olaus Petri&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Matthias Flacius&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Flacius&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Matthias Flacius&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Johann Gerhard&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Gerhard&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann Gerhard&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Abraham Calovius&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Calovius&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Abraham Calovius&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Johannes Andreas Quenstedt&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Quenstedt&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johannes Andreas Quenstedt&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Johann Wilhelm Baier&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Baier&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann Wilhelm Baier&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;David Hollatz (dogmatician)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hollatz_(dogmatician)&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;David Hollaz&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Henry Muhlenberg&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Muhlenberg&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Henry Muhlenberg&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Lars Levi Læstadius&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_Levi_L%C3%A6stadius&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lars Levi Læstadius&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Charles Porterfield Krauth&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Porterfield_Krauth&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Charles Porterfield Krauth&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;C. F. W. Walther&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._F._W._Walther&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;C. F. W. Walther&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A title=Portal:Lutheranism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Lutheranism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheranism portal&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;As forerunners of the Pietists in the strict sense, certain voices had been heard bewailing the shortcomings of the Church and advocating a revival of practical and devout Christianity. Amongst them were &lt;A title=&quot;Christian mysticism&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_mysticism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Christian mystic&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;A title=&quot;Jakob Böhme&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Jakob Böhme&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; (Behmen); &lt;A title=&quot;Johann Arndt&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Arndt&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann Arndt&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, whose work, &lt;I&gt;True Christianity&lt;/I&gt;, became widely known and appreciated; &lt;A title=&quot;Heinrich Müller&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_M%C3%BCller&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Heinrich Müller&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, who described the &lt;A title=&quot;Baptismal font&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptismal_font&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;font&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, the &lt;A title=Pulpit href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulpit&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;pulpit&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, the &lt;A title=Confession href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confession&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;confessional&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; and the &lt;A title=Altar href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altar&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;altar&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; as &quot;the four dumb idols of the Lutheran Church&quot;; theologian &lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Johann Valentin Andrea&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Valentin_Andrea&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann Valentin Andrea&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, court chaplain of the landgrave of Hesse; &lt;A class=new title=&quot;Schuppius (page does not exist)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schuppius&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Schuppius&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, who sought to restore to the Bible its place in the pulpit; and &lt;A class=new title=&quot;Theophilus Grossgebauer (page does not exist)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theophilus_Grossgebauer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Theophilus Grossgebauer&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; (d. 1661) of Rostock, who from his pulpit and by his writings raised what he called &quot;the alarm cry of a watchman in &lt;A title=Zion href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zion&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Sion&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;.&quot;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Pietism did not die out in the 18th century, but was alive and active in the Evangelischer Kirchenverein des Westens (later &lt;A title=&quot;Evangelical Church in Germany&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Germany&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;German Evangelical Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; and still later the Evangelical and &lt;A title=&quot;Reformed churches&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformed_churches&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Reformed Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;.) The church president from 1901 to 1914 was a pietist named Dr. Jakob Pister. A discussion of some of the earlier pietist influence in the Evangelical and Reformed church can be found in Dunn et al., &quot;A History of the Evangelical and Reformed Church&quot; Christian Education Press, Philadelphia, 1962. Further commentary can be found by Rev. Dr. Carl Viehe under Pietism, Illinois Trails, Washington County. Some vestiges of Pietism were still present in 1957 at the time of the formation of the United Church of Christ.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;H2&gt;&lt;SPAN class=editsection&gt;[&lt;A title=&quot;Edit section: Etymology&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietism&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;edit&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN id=Etymology class=mw-headline&gt;Etymology&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/H2&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;I&gt;Pietist&lt;/I&gt; was a pejorative term given to the adherents of the movement by its enemies as a form of ridicule, like that of &quot;Methodists&quot; somewhat later in &lt;A title=England href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;England&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The Lutheran Church continued &lt;A title=&quot;Philipp Melanchthon&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Melanchthon&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Philipp Melanchthon&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;'s attempt to construct an intellectual backbone for the Evangelical Lutheran faith. By the 17th century the denomination remained a confessional &lt;A title=Theology href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theology&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;theological&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; and sacramental institution, influenced by &lt;A title=&quot;Lutheran Orthodoxy&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Orthodoxy&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;orthodox Lutheran&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; theologians such as &lt;A title=&quot;Johann Gerhard&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Gerhard&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann Gerhard&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; of &lt;A title=Jena href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jena&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Jena&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; (d. 1637), and keeping with the &lt;A title=Liturgy href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgy&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;liturgical&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; traditions of the &lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Roman Catholic Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Roman Catholicism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; of which it saw itself as a reformed variation. In the &lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Reformed Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformed_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Reformed Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, on the other hand, &lt;A title=&quot;John Calvin&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Calvin&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;John Calvin&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; had not only influenced doctrine, but for a particular formation of Christian life. The &lt;A title=Presbyterianism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterianism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Presbyterian&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; constitution gave the people a share in church life which the Lutherans lacked, but it appeared to some to degenerate into a dogmatic &lt;A title=&quot;Legalism (theology)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalism_(theology)&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;legalism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; which, the Lutherans believed, imperiled Christian freedom and fostered self-righteousness.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;H2&gt;&lt;SPAN class=editsection&gt;[&lt;A title=&quot;Edit section: History&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietism&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;edit&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN id=History class=mw-headline&gt;History&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/H2&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Although pietism surely had roots prior to the &lt;A title=&quot;Protestant Reformation&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Reformation&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; and to some extent the cause of it, as a distinct movement within Protestantism pietism became identifiable in the 17th century.&lt;SUP id=cite_ref-1 class=reference&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#cite_note-1&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;[&lt;/SPAN&gt;2&lt;SPAN&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SUP&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;H3&gt;&lt;SPAN class=editsection&gt;[&lt;A title=&quot;Edit section: Founding&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietism&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;edit&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN id=Founding class=mw-headline&gt;Founding&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/H3&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The direct originator of the movement was &lt;A title=&quot;Philipp Jakob Spener&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Jakob_Spener&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Philipp Jakob Spener&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;. Born at Rappoltsweiler in &lt;A title=Alsace href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Alsace&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; on &lt;SPAN class=mw-formatted-date title=1635-01-13&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;January 13&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_13&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;13 January&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;A title=1635 href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1635&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;1635&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;, trained by a devout godmother who used books of devotion like Arndt's &lt;I&gt;True Christianity&lt;/I&gt;, Spener was convinced of the necessity of a moral and religious reformation within German Lutheranism. He studied theology at &lt;A title=Strasbourg href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Strasbourg&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, where the professors at the time (and especially Sebastian Schmidt) were more inclined to &quot;practical&quot; Christianity than to theological disputation. He afterwards spent a year in &lt;A title=Geneva href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Geneva&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, and was powerfully influenced by the strict moral life and rigid ecclesiastical discipline prevalent there, and also by the preaching and the piety of the &lt;A class=mw-redirect title=Waldensian href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldensian&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Waldensian&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; professor Antoine Leger and the converted &lt;A title=&quot;Society of Jesus&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Jesus&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Jesuit&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; preacher &lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Jean de Labadie&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_de_Labadie&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Jean de Labadie&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;During a stay in &lt;A title=Tübingen href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Tübingen&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, Spener read Grossgebauer's &lt;I&gt;Alarm Cry&lt;/I&gt;, and in 1666 he entered upon his first pastoral charge at &lt;A class=mw-redirect title=Frankfurt href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Frankfurt&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; with a profound opinion that the Christian life within Evangelical Lutheranism was being sacrificed to zeal for rigid &lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Lutheran orthodoxy&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_orthodoxy&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheran orthodoxy&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;. Pietism, as a distinct movement in the German Church, was then originated by Spener by religious meetings at his house (&lt;I&gt;collegia pietatis&lt;/I&gt;) at which he repeated his sermons, expounded passages of the &lt;A title=&quot;New Testament&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testament&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;New Testament&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, and induced those present to join in conversation on religious questions that arose. In 1675 Spener published his &lt;I&gt;Pia desideria&lt;/I&gt; or &lt;I&gt;Earnest Desire for a Reform of the True Evangelical Church&lt;/I&gt;, the title giving rise to the term &quot;Pietists&quot;. In this publication he made six proposals as the best means of restoring the life of the Church:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;DIV&gt;
&lt;OL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;the earnest and thorough study of the Bible in private meetings, &lt;I&gt;ecclesiolae in ecclesia&lt;/I&gt; (&lt;I&gt;&quot;little churches within the church&quot;&lt;/I&gt;).&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;the Christian priesthood being universal, the laity should share in the spiritual government of the Church&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;a knowledge of Christianity must be attended by the practice of it as its indispensable sign and supplement&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;instead of merely didactic, and often bitter, attacks on the heterodox and unbelievers, a sympathetic and kindly treatment of them&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;a reorganization of the theological training of the universities, giving more prominence to the devotional life&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;a different style of preaching, namely, in the place of pleasing rhetoric, the implanting of Christianity in the inner or new man, the soul of which is faith, and its effects the fruits of life.&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/OL&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;P&gt;This work produced a great impression throughout Germany, and although large numbers of the &lt;A title=&quot;Lutheran Orthodoxy&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Orthodoxy&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;orthodox Lutheran&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; theologians and pastors were deeply offended by Spener's book, its complaints and its demands were both too well justified to admit of their being point-blank denied. A large number of pastors immediately adopted Spener's proposals.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;H3&gt;&lt;SPAN class=editsection&gt;[&lt;A title=&quot;Edit section: Early leaders&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietism&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;edit&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN id=Early_leaders class=mw-headline&gt;Early leaders&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/H3&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In 1686 Spener accepted an appointment to the court-chaplaincy at &lt;A title=Dresden href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Dresden&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, which opened to him a wider though more difficult sphere of labor. In &lt;A title=Leipzig href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipzig&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Leipzig&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; a society of young theologians was formed under his influence for the learned study and devout application of the Bible. Three magistrates belonging to that society, one of whom was &lt;A title=&quot;August Hermann Francke&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;August Hermann Francke&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, subsequently the founder of the famous orphanage at &lt;A title=&quot;Halle, Saxony-Anhalt&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halle,_Saxony-Anhalt&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Halle&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; (1695), commenced courses of expository lectures on the Scriptures of a practical and devotional character, and in the &lt;A title=&quot;German language&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;German language&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, which were zealously frequented by both students and townsmen. The lectures aroused, however, the ill-will of the other theologians and pastors of Leipzig, and Francke and his friends left the city, and with the aid of &lt;A title=&quot;Christian Thomasius&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Thomasius&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Christian Thomasius&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; and Spener founded the new &lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;University of Halle&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Halle&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;University of Halle&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;. The theological chairs in the new university were filled in complete conformity with Spener's proposals. The main difference between the new Pietistic Lutheran school and the orthodox Lutherans arose from the Pietists' conception of Christianity as chiefly consisting in a change of heart and consequent holiness of life. Orthodox Lutherans rejected this viewpoint as a gross simplification, stressing the need for the church and for sound theological underpinnings.&lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Evangelical Lutheran Church in America&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Evangelical Lutheran Church in America&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Congregations_in_Mission_for_Christ&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TH style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: #d3d3d3 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: #d3d3d3 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; BACKGROUND: #e6e6fa; BORDER-TOP: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #d3d3d3 1px solid&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN class=collapseButton&gt;[&lt;A id=collapseButton8 href=&quot;javascript:collapseTable(8);&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;show&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;Heritage of &lt;A title=&quot;Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Synodical_Conference_of_North_America&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Synodical Conference&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Association of Confessional Lutheran Churches&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Confessional_Lutheran_Churches&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Association of Confessional Lutheran Churches&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Church of the Lutheran Confession&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Lutheran_Confession&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Church of the Lutheran Confession&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Concordia Lutheran Conference&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordia_Lutheran_Conference&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Concordia Lutheran Conference&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Evangelical Lutheran Synod&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Evangelical Lutheran Synod&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Church_-_Missouri_Synod&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Lutheran Churches of the Reformation&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Churches_of_the_Reformation&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheran Churches of the Reformation&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Orthodox Lutheran Confessional Conference&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Lutheran_Confessional_Conference&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Orthodox Lutheran Confessional Conference&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Protes'tant Conference&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protes%27tant_Conference&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Protes'tant Conference&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;United Lutheran Mission Association&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Lutheran_Mission_Association&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;United Lutheran Mission Association&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TH style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: #d3d3d3 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: #d3d3d3 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; BACKGROUND: #e6e6fa; BORDER-TOP: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #d3d3d3 1px solid&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN class=collapseButton&gt;[&lt;A id=collapseButton9 href=&quot;javascript:collapseTable(9);&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;show&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;Heritage of &lt;A title=&quot;Lutheran Free Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Free_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;LFC&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; or &lt;A title=&quot;American Lutheran Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Lutheran_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;ALC&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;American Association of Lutheran Churches&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_Lutheran_Churches&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;American Association of Lutheran Churches&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Association of Free Lutheran Congregations&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Free_Lutheran_Congregations&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Association of Free Lutheran Congregations&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;World Confessional Lutheran Association&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Confessional_Lutheran_Association&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Conservative Lutheran Association&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Lutheran Ministerium and Synod - USA&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Ministerium_and_Synod_-_USA&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheran Ministerium and Synod - USA&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TH style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: #d3d3d3 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: #d3d3d3 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; BACKGROUND: #e6e6fa; BORDER-TOP: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #d3d3d3 1px solid&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN class=collapseButton&gt;[&lt;A id=collapseButton10 href=&quot;javascript:collapseTable(10);&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;show&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;High Church Lutheranism&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Church_Lutheranism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;High Church Revival&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Anglo-Lutheran Catholic Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Lutheran_Catholic_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Anglo-Lutheran Catholic Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Evangelical Catholic Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Catholic_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Evangelical Catholic Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Evangelical Lutheran Diocese of North America&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Diocese_of_North_America&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Evangelical Lutheran Diocese of North America&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;International Lutheran Fellowship&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Lutheran_Fellowship&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;International Lutheran Fellowship&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Lutheran Orthodox Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Orthodox_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheran Orthodox Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TH style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: #d3d3d3 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: #d3d3d3 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; BACKGROUND: #e6e6fa; BORDER-TOP: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #d3d3d3 1px solid&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN class=collapseButton&gt;[&lt;A id=collapseButton11 href=&quot;javascript:collapseTable(11);&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;show&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;STRONG class=selflink&gt;Pietist Revival&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Apostolic Lutheran Church of America&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_Lutheran_Church_of_America&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Apostolic Lutheran Church of America&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Church of the Lutheran Brethren of America&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Lutheran_Brethren_of_America&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Church of the Lutheran Brethren of America&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Laestadian Lutheran Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laestadian_Lutheran_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Laestadian Lutheran Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TH style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: #d3d3d3 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: #d3d3d3 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; BACKGROUND: #e6e6fa; BORDER-TOP: #d3d3d3 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #d3d3d3 1px solid&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN class=collapseButton&gt;[&lt;A id=collapseButton12 href=&quot;javascript:collapseTable(12);&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;show&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Charismatic Christianity&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Charismatic Revival&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Alliance of Renewal Churches&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_of_Renewal_Churches&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Alliance of Renewal Churches&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A title=Portal:Lutheranism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Lutheranism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheranism portal&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;Spener died in 1705; but, the movement, guided by Francke, fertilized from Halle the whole of Middle and North Germany. Among its greatest achievements, apart from the philanthropic institutions founded at Halle, were the revival of the &lt;A title=&quot;Moravian Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravian_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Moravian Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; in 1727 by &lt;A title=&quot;Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Ludwig_Zinzendorf&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Count von Zinzendorf&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, Spener's godson and a pupil in the Halle School for Young Noblemen, and the establishment of Protestant missions.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Spener's stress on the necessity of a new birth and on a separation of Christians from the world, (see &lt;A title=Asceticism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asceticism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Asceticism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;), led to exaggeration and fanaticism among some followers. Many Pietists soon maintained that the new birth must always be preceded by agonies of repentance, and that only a regenerated theologian could teach theology, while the whole school shunned all common worldly amusements, such as dancing, the theatre, and public games. Some would say that there thus arose a new form of justification by works. Its &lt;I&gt;ecclesiolae in ecclesia&lt;/I&gt; also weakened the power and meaning of church organization. Through these extravagances a reactionary movement arose at the beginning of the 18th century; one leader was &lt;A title=&quot;Valentin Ernst Löscher&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Ernst_L%C3%B6scher&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Valentin Ernst Löscher&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, superintendent at Dresden.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;H3&gt;&lt;SPAN class=editsection&gt;[&lt;A title=&quot;Edit section: Later history&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietism&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;edit&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN id=Later_history class=mw-headline&gt;Later history&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/H3&gt;
&lt;P&gt;As a distinct movement, Pietism had its greatest strength by the middle of the 18th century; its very individualism in fact helped to prepare the way for the &lt;A title=&quot;Age of Enlightenment&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Enlightenment&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; (&lt;I&gt;Aufklärung&lt;/I&gt;), which would take the church in an altogether different direction. Yet some would claim that Pietism contributed largely to the revival of Biblical studies in Germany and to making religion once more an affair of the heart and of life and not merely of the intellect. It likewise gave a new emphasis on the role of the laity in the church. Rudolf Sohm claimed that &quot;It was the last great surge of the waves of the ecclesiastical movement begun by the &lt;A title=&quot;Protestant Reformation&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Reformation&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;; it was the completion and the final form of the Protestantism created by the Reformation. Then came a time when another intellectual power took possession of the minds of men.&quot; &lt;A title=&quot;Dietrich Bonhoeffer&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietrich_Bonhoeffer&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Dietrich Bonhoeffer&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; of the German &lt;A title=&quot;Confessing Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessing_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Confessing Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; framed the same characterization in less positive terms when he called Pietism the last attempt to save Christianity as a religion: Given that for him religion was a negative term, more or less an opposite to &lt;A title=Revelation href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelation&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;revelation&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, this constitutes a rather scathing judgment. Bonhoeffer denounced the basic aim of Pietism, to produce a &quot;desired piety&quot; in a person, as unbiblical.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Pietism is considered the major influence that lead to the creation of the &quot;&lt;A title=&quot;Prussian Union (Evangelical Christian Church)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_Union_(Evangelical_Christian_Church)&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Evangelical Church of the Union&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&quot; in &lt;A title=Prussia href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Prussia&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; in 1817. Upset by the fact that he and his wife could not take communion at each other's church, the King of Prussia ordered the Lutheran and Reformed churches in Prussia to unite; they took the name &quot;Evangelical&quot; as a name both groups had previously identified with. This union movement spread through many German lands in the 1800s. Pietism, with its looser attitude toward confessional theology, had opened the churches to the possibility of uniting. Lutherans who claimed to be more confessionally strict dissented from the union movement; many immigrated to the American Midwest and formed the &lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Church_-_Missouri_Synod&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, and to &lt;A title=Australia href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Australia&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; where they formed one of the bodies who formed the &lt;A title=&quot;Lutheran Church of Australia&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Church_of_Australia&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheran Church of Australia&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;. (Many immigrants to America that agreed with the union movement formed German Evangelical congregations, later to be gathered as the &lt;A title=&quot;Evangelical Synod of North America&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Synod_of_North_America&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Evangelical Synod of North America&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, which is now a part of the &lt;A title=&quot;United Church of Christ&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;United Church of Christ&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;.)&lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;TD colSpan=2&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;SMALL&gt;Part of a series of articles on&lt;/SMALL&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Schwarzenau Brethren&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: #428c9c&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;&lt;U&gt;Schwarzenau Brethren&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;DIV class=center&gt;
&lt;DIV class=floatnone&gt;&lt;A class=image href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:200_AlexanderMackSeal.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;IMG alt=&quot;200 AlexanderMackSeal.jpg&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/200_AlexanderMackSeal.jpg/125px-200_AlexanderMackSeal.jpg&quot; width=125 height=123&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TH style=&quot;BACKGROUND: #ccccff; FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A title=Christianity href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Christianity&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=Protestantism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Protestantism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=Anabaptism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaptism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Anabaptism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Radical Pietism&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Pietism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Pietism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TH style=&quot;BACKGROUND: #ccccff; FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;Doctrinal Tenets&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Church of the Brethren&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Brethren#Beliefs&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Non-Creedalism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=Baptism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Triune Baptism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Love feast&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_feast&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Love Feast&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Feet washing&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feet_washing&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Feet Washing&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Holy kiss&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_kiss&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Holy Kiss&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Anointing with oil&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anointing_with_oil&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Anointing for Healing&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=Non-resistance href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-resistance&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Non-Resistance&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Schwarzenau Brethren&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren#The_Brethren_Card&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;The Brethren Card&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TH style=&quot;BACKGROUND: #ccccff; FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;People&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Alexander Mack&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Mack&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Alexander Mack&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Louis Bauman&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Bauman&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Louis Bauman&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Conrad Beissel&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Beissel&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Conrad Beissel&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Donald F. Durnbaugh&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_F._Durnbaugh&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Donald Durnbaugh&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Christoph Sauer&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Sauer&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Christoph Sauer&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;John C. Whitcomb&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Whitcomb&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;John Whitcomb&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TH style=&quot;BACKGROUND: #ccccff; FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;Groups&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;The Brethren Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brethren_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Brethren (Ashland) Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Brethren Reformed Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brethren_Reformed_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Brethren Reformed Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Church of the Brethren&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Brethren&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Church of the Brethren&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Conservative Grace Brethren Churches, International&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Grace_Brethren_Churches,_International&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Conservative Grace Brethren&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Dunkard Brethren&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkard_Brethren&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Dunkard Brethren&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellowship_of_Grace_Brethren_Churches&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Grace Brethren&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Old German Baptist Brethren&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_German_Baptist_Brethren&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Old German Baptist Brethren&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Old Order German Baptist Brethren&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Order_German_Baptist_Brethren&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Old Order German Baptist Brethren&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TH style=&quot;BACKGROUND: #ccccff; FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;Extinct Groups&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Ephrata Cloister&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephrata_Cloister&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Ephrata Cloister&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Church of God (New Dunkers)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_God_(New_Dunkers)&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Church of God (New Dunkers)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TH style=&quot;BACKGROUND: #ccccff; FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;Also Known As&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;German Baptists&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Baptists&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;German Baptists&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Dunkers&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TH style=&quot;BACKGROUND: #ccccff; FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;Related Movements&lt;/TH&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=Mennonites href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonites&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Mennonites&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=Amish href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amish&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Amish&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Community of True Inspiration&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_True_Inspiration&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Community of True Inspiration&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;River Brethren&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Brethren&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;River Brethren&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;DIV style=&quot;PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; FONT-SIZE: xx-small; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0px&quot; class=&quot;noprint plainlinks navbar&quot;&gt;This box: &lt;A title=&quot;Template:Schwarzenau Brethren&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Schwarzenau_Brethren&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN title=&quot;View this template&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;view&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;FONT size=1&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 80%&quot;&gt;•&lt;/SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A class=new title=&quot;Template talk:Schwarzenau Brethren (page does not exist)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Schwarzenau_Brethren&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN title=&quot;Discuss this template&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;talk&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;FONT size=1&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 80%&quot;&gt;•&lt;/SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Schwarzenau_Brethren&amp;action=edit&quot; rel=nofollow&gt;&lt;SPAN title=&quot;Edit this template&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;edit&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Pietism was a major influence on &lt;A title=&quot;John Wesley&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wesley&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;John Wesley&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; and others who began the &lt;A title=Methodism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Methodist movement&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; in 18th century &lt;A title=&quot;Great Britain&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Great Britain&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;. John Wesley was influenced significantly by Moravians (e.g., Zinzendorf, Peter Bohler) and Pietists connected to Francke and Halle Pietism. The fruit of these Pietist influences can be seen in the modern &lt;A title=&quot;United Methodist Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Methodist_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;American Methodists&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; and members of the &lt;A title=&quot;Holiness movement&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiness_movement&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Holiness movement&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In the 19th century, there was a revival of confessional Lutheran doctrine, known as the &lt;A title=Neo-Lutheranism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Lutheranism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;neo-Lutheran&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; movement. This movement focused on a reassertion of the identity of Lutherans as a distinct group within the broader community of &lt;A title=Christianity href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Christians&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, with a renewed focus on the &lt;A title=&quot;Book of Concord&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Concord&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Lutheran Confessions&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; as a key source of Lutheran doctrine. Associated with these changes was a renewed focus on traditional doctrine and liturgy, which paralleled the growth of &lt;A title=Anglo-Catholicism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Anglo-Catholicism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; in England&lt;SUP id=cite_ref-2 class=reference&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism#cite_note-2&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;[&lt;/SPAN&gt;3&lt;SPAN&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SUP&gt;.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Some writers on the history of Pietism - e.g. Heppe and &lt;A title=&quot;Albrecht Ritschl&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_Ritschl&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Ritschl&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; - have included under it nearly all religious tendencies amongst Protestants of the last three centuries in the direction of a more serious cultivation of personal piety than that prevalent in the various established churches. Ritschl, too, treats Pietism as a retrograde movement of Christian life towards Catholicism. Some historians also speak of a later or modern Pietism, characterizing thereby a party in the German Church which was probably at first influenced by some remains of Spener's Pietism in &lt;A title=Westphalia href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westphalia&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Westphalia&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, on the &lt;A title=Rhine href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Rhine&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, in &lt;A title=Württemberg href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Württemberg&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, and at Halle and &lt;A title=Berlin href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Berlin&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The party was chiefly distinguished by its opposition to an independent scientific study of theology, its principal theological leader being Hengstenberg, and its chief literary organ the &lt;I&gt;Evangelische Kirchenzeitung&lt;/I&gt;.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Pietism would have an effect in the development of &lt;A title=Romanticism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Romanticism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; in Germany. Though unread today, the Pietist &lt;A title=&quot;Johann Georg Hamann&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Georg_Hamann&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann Georg Hamann&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; held a strong influence in his day. &lt;A title=&quot;Johann Wolfgang von Goethe&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann Wolfgang von Goethe&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, one of the founders of Romanticism, was steeped in Pietist doctrine, though he largely abandoned his orthodox beliefs early in life.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;H3&gt;&lt;SPAN class=editsection&gt;[&lt;A title=&quot;Edit section: Radical Pietism&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietism&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;edit&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN id=Radical_Pietism class=mw-headline&gt;Radical Pietism&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/H3&gt;
&lt;DIV class=&quot;rellink relarticle mainarticle&quot;&gt;Main article: &lt;A title=&quot;Radical Pietism&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Pietism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Radical Pietism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Some of the primary leaders of Radical Pietism were:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Gerhard Tersteegen&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Tersteegen&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Gerhard Tersteegen&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Gottfried Arnold&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Arnold&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Gottfried Arnold&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A class=new title=&quot;Hochmann von Hochenau (page does not exist)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hochmann_von_Hochenau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Hochmann von Hochenau&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Also relevant is:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;The &lt;A class=new title=&quot;Berleburg Bible (page does not exist)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berleburg_Bible&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Berleburg Bible&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;
&lt;H3&gt;&lt;SPAN class=editsection&gt;[&lt;A title=&quot;Edit section: Reformed Pietism&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietism&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;edit&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN id=Reformed_Pietism class=mw-headline&gt;Reformed Pietism&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/H3&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Jean de Labadie&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_de_Labadie&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Jean de Labadie&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; and the &lt;A title=Labadists href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labadists&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Labadists&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A class=new title=&quot;Precisianist (page does not exist)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Precisianist&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Precisianist&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;Federalists&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;
&lt;H3&gt;&lt;SPAN class=editsection&gt;[&lt;A title=&quot;Edit section: Württemberg Pietism&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietism&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;edit&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN id=W.C3.BCrttemberg_Pietism class=mw-headline&gt;Württemberg Pietism&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/H3&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A class=new title=&quot;Otterbeins (page does not exist)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otterbeins&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Otterbeins&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Johann Albrecht Bengel&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Albrecht_Bengel&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Johann Albrecht Bengel&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
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&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A class=new title=&quot;Blumhardts (page does not exist)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blumhardts&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Blumhardts&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;
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&lt;TD colSpan=2&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;SMALL&gt;Part of a series on&lt;/SMALL&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A title=Methodism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodism&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Methodism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;John Wesley&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wesley&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;John Wesley&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 11px&quot;&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;George Whitefield&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Whitefield&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;George Whitefield&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Background&lt;/B&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=Christianity href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Christianity&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=Protestantism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Protestantism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;STRONG class=selflink&gt;Pietism&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=Anglicanism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicanism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Anglicanism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=Arminianism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arminianism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Arminianism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=Wesleyanism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesleyanism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Wesleyanism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=Calvinism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Calvinism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Doctrinal distinctives&lt;/B&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Articles of Religion (Methodist)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articles_of_Religion_(Methodist)&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Articles of Religion&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Prevenient Grace&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevenient_Grace&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Prevenient Grace&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Atonement (Governmental view)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atonement_(Governmental_view)&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Governmental Atonement&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Imparted righteousness&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imparted_righteousness&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Imparted righteousness&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Christian perfection&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_perfection&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Christian perfection&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Conditional preservation of the saints&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_preservation_of_the_saints&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Conditional preservation of the saints&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;People&lt;/B&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Richard Allen (reverend)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Allen_(reverend)&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Richard Allen&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Francis Asbury&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Asbury&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Francis Asbury&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Thomas Coke (Bishop)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Coke_(Bishop)&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Thomas Coke&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Albert C. Outler&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_C._Outler&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Albert C. Outler&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;James Varick&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Varick&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;James Varick&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Charles Wesley&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Wesley&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Charles Wesley&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Category:Methodist bishops&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Methodist_bishops&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Bishops&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;List of Methodist theologians&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Methodist_theologians&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Theologians&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Largest groups&lt;/B&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;World Methodist Council&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Methodist_Council&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;World Methodist Council&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;African Methodist Episcopal Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;AME Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Zion_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;AME Zion Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Church of the Nazarene&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Church of the Nazarene&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Christian Methodist Episcopal Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Methodist_Episcopal_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;CME Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Free Methodist Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Free Methodist Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Methodist Church of Great Britain&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Methodist Church of Great Britain&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Uniting Church in Australia&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniting_Church_in_Australia&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Uniting Church in Australia&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;United Methodist Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Methodist_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;United Methodist Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Wesleyan Methodist Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesleyan_Methodist_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Wesleyan Methodist Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Related movements&lt;/B&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Moravian Church&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravian_Church&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Moravian Church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Holiness movement&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiness_movement&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Holiness movement&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Salvation Army&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_Army&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Salvation Army&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=Personalism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Personalism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A title=Pentecostalism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentecostalism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Pentecostalism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;A class=image href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;IMG alt=&quot;P christianity.svg&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/25px-P_christianity.svg.png&quot; width=25 height=23&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;SMALL&gt;&lt;A title=Portal:Christianity href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Christianity&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff size=2&gt;Christianity Portal&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SMALL&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;H3&gt;&lt;SPAN class=editsection&gt;[&lt;A title=&quot;Edit section: Descendants&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietism&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;edit&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN id=Descendants class=mw-headline&gt;Descendants&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/H3&gt;
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&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=Wesleyanism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesleyanism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Wesleyanism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=Methodism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Methodism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Schwarzenau Brethren&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Schwarzenau Brethren&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Holiness movement&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiness_movement&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Holiness movement&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=Pentecostalism href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentecostalism&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Pentecostalism&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;
&lt;P&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
	    </content>
	    	</entry>
    	<entry>
	    <title>장미 십자회의 창설자 : 존 발렌틴 안드레아</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://blog.daum.net/alphacourse/11297391"/>
		<id>tag:blog.daum.net,2009:alphacourse.11297391</id>
	    <author>
		    <name>푸르름</name>
	    </author>
	    <updated>2009-11-06T08:40:24Z</updated>
	    <published>2009-11-06T08:40:24Z</published>
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&lt;TD&gt;&lt;FONT color=#006666 size=7 face=&quot;Palatino, Times, Serif&quot;&gt;Rosicrucianism&lt;/FONT&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;FONT size=3 face=&quot;Palatino, Times&quot;&gt;by Percy Jantz, Feb. 4 2002 &lt;/FONT&gt;
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&lt;TD&gt;&lt;FONT size=3 face=&quot;Palatino, Times, Serif&quot;&gt;&lt;B&gt;Rosicrucians.&lt;/B&gt; Not &lt;I&gt;rose crux,&lt;/I&gt; rose cross, but &lt;I&gt;ros crux,&lt;/I&gt; dew cross. Dew was considered by the ancient chemists as the most powerful solvent of gold ; and &lt;I&gt;cross&lt;/I&gt; in alchemy is the synonym of light, because any figure of a cross contains the three letters L V X (light). &quot;Lux&quot; is the menstruum of the red dragon (&lt;I&gt;i.e.&lt;/I&gt; corporeal light), and this gross light properly digested produces gold, and dew is the digester. Hence the Rosicrucians are those who used dew for digesting lux or light, with the object of finding the philosopher’s stone.&lt;/FONT&gt; 
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&lt;TD&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=&quot;alatino, Times, Serif&quot;&gt;&quot;As for the Rosycross philosophers.&lt;BR&gt;Whom you will have to be but sorcerers,&lt;BR&gt;What they pretend to is no more&lt;BR&gt;Than Trismegistus did before,&lt;BR&gt;Pythagoras, old Zoroaster,&lt;BR&gt;And Apollonius their master.&quot;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;I&gt;Butler : Hudibras, pt. ii. 3.&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; 
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&lt;FONT size=1 face=&quot;Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Sans&quot;&gt;E. Cobham Brewer, &lt;I&gt;The Dictionary of Phrase &amp; Fable.&lt;/I&gt; Hertfordshire : Wordsworth Editions Ltd, 1993. pb. p.1076. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=&quot;Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Sans&quot;&gt;Many people have sought a connection between Freemasonry and Rosicrucianism. Some claim — &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/anti-masonry/anti-masonry05.html#rose&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;incorrectly&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; — that Freemasonry came from Rosicrucianism. There are enough similarities between them to make the history of Rosicrucianism of interest to freemasons. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;The birth of Rosicrucianism is almost universally attributed to John Valentine Andrea, a German monk. He was known for his charity and his attempts to promote the betterment of mankind through study and learning. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;Scholars believe it was he, in 1614, who published a fictional book called &quot;The Chemical Marriage&quot; by Christian Rosenkreuz. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;In this book, Christian Rosenkreuz is born to a poor but good family. At a young age he joined a monastery, and at some stage he is allowed to accompany an old monk on a pilgrimage to the Holy Sepulchre. The monk dies in Cyprus and Christian goes on alone. In Damascus, he is amazed by the wonders of the city sages and he places himself under their direction. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;After three years of studying their hidden mysteries, he goes to Egypt for further study. Then at the direction of his Arabian masters, he travels to Fez, where there is an annual meeting of the African and Arabian philosophers, to compare notes on their studies and travels. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;After several more years, he goes to Spain but getting a poor reception, he returns to his native Germany. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;There, Rosenkreuz advocated a reformation in morals and science But met with little sympathy. So he decided to start his own society. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;He gathered three companions from his old monastery, swore them to secrecy, passed all his knowledge on to them and, it is transcribed, they built a temple, called &quot;the Temple of the Holy Ghost.&quot; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;They then increased their number to eight, and after all were fully instructed into the mysteries of science and nature, they agreed to separate. Two would stay with Father Rosencruetz, the others would travel to pursue learning, but would return every year to communicate the results of their study. Then they would depart again, this time with two different members of the order staying behind. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;The rules of the order were:&lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt; 1) that they would devote themselves to nothing else than the free practice of Physic.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt; 2) that they were to wear no special clothing, but rather to adopt the customs of the land they were in. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt; 3) that each one was to present himself at the Temple Of the Holy Ghost on a particular day of the year, or send an excuse forhis absence.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt; 4) that each was to look for a brother to succeed him on his death.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt; 5) that the letters RC were to be their seal, watchword and title.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt; 6) that the brotherhood was to be kept a secret for 100 years. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;When 100 years old, Christian Rosencruetz died. His burial place was known only to the two brothers who were with him at the time and they took that secret with them to the grave. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt; The society continued, always 8 in number, for a further 120 years. There was tradition in the brotherhood, that after 120 years, Father Rosencruetz' grave was to be discovered, and the brotherhood no longer a secret. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;The Temple of the Holy Ghost was being altered, and when a brass plate was removed from the wall, a door was revealed bearing this inscription &quot;after 120 years I will be opened&quot; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;Inside was a vault of 7 sides, each 5 feet long and 8 feet high. The ceiling was arched and the room lit by an artificial sun at its centre while in the middle of the floor was an altar bearing the inscription &quot;while living I made this compact copy of the universe my grave&quot;. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;In the centre were 4 figures with the words&lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt; 1) by no means void&lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt; 2) the yoke of the law&lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt; 3) the liberty of the gospel&lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt; 4) the unsullied glory of God &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;The 7 walls were each divided into 10 squares, with figures and sentences to be explained to the initiates. They also each contained a door, leading to closets, which contained all manner of wonders, from the history of the brotherhood to encyclopaedia, from the life of the founder to curious mirrors and burninglamps, of instructions on how to build up the order, and how it would eventually fall into decay. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;Pushing aside the altar, they found the body of Rosencruetz, freshly preserved, with a volume under his arm. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;This then was the story attributed to Andrea. It was intended to be a suggestion to the learned, to promote philanthropy, to better mankind through answering the questions posed. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;It was misunderstood then, as it has been since. Everywhere his fable was accepted as fact. People searched for the Temple of the Holy Ghost. Letters appeared continuously, addressed to the order, seeking admission. None were answered. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;The brotherhood was earnestly attacked and vigorously defended in books and pamphlets. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;But no one ever heard from the order itself. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;Eventually some, having sought vainly for the invisible society, resolved to form their own, and hence there appeared by 1622 an alchemists group in The Hague, calling themselves Rosicrucians. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;The doctrine soon found its way to Britain, around 1625, and publications began to appear. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;Common symbols resulted in scholars then and since trying to find a common origin between Rosicrucian and Freemasonry. But this is not so. The Rosicrucians were Theosophists, religious men whose doctrines were of spirits, of the elements, of numbers and heavenly bodies and their influence on men. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;The Freemasons were founded by builders, whose symbols applied in architecture and were of a Christian character. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;There is however, some Rosicrucian influence in the higher degrees of Freemasonry. Chevalier Michael Ramsey, (1668-1743) is credited with starting the higher degrees. His were designed to support a connection to the crusades and the &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/anti-masonry/templars.html&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Templars&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;. But Rosicrucian or Hermetic philosophy crept in. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;By 1758 there were over 50 degrees, with titles like &quot;Hermetic Knight, Hermetic Rite, Philosophic Cabalist, Rite of Philalethes&quot;. Most of these are now laid aside, but the modern 28th degree in the Scottish Rite, that of Knight of the Sun, is a condensation of the Rosicrucian doctrines. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;The modern 18th degree of the Scottish Rite, that of the Rose Croix is not Hermetic. it stems from Christian doctrine alluding to the blood of Christ being shed on the cross. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/images/t.gif&quot; width=20 height=1&gt;That leaves the origin of the word Rosicrucian, and the beliefs of the order, and that is convoluted enough to be left for another day. &lt;/FONT&gt;
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&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;FONT size=1 face=&quot;Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Sans&quot;&gt;Ref: &lt;I&gt;History Of Freemasonry&lt;/I&gt; by Albert Mackey. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/texts/rosicrucians.html&quot; target=_blank&gt;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/texts/rosicrucians.html&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;IMG src=&quot;http://orderroseandcross.org/orc-cross-charter.jpg&quot; width=70 height=85&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;FONT size=5&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style73&gt;The Fire Philosophers&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;IF A PHILOSOPHER YOU WISH TO BE,&lt;BR&gt;LET ONLY PATIENCE DWELL IN THEE.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Where on this globe lives a man so wise,&lt;BR&gt;Who'll ever learn what four ones do comprise,&lt;BR&gt;And even if he'd know all this,&lt;BR&gt;He'd still always be an apprentice.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Therefore, O human, with all thy might,&lt;BR&gt;Recognise God and thyself in God's and nature's light,&lt;BR&gt;Both these lights God pours into thee,&lt;BR&gt;That a likeness of him thou mayest be,&lt;BR&gt;He is one fourfold God, let thou be told,&lt;BR&gt;As thou art a piece of clay fourfold.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;This maketh nature to thee well known,&lt;BR&gt;With wisdom, light and understanding to thee is it shown.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;EM&gt;- Secret Symbols of the Rosicrucians &lt;/EM&gt;-&lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top width=&quot;74%&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;Paracelcus 1493 - 1541&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;P align=justify&gt;The Rosicrucian movement is based on Paracelcian principles. The majority of 17th Century Rosicrucians were Paracelcian alchemists and astrologers. Paracelcus, also known as Philippus Theophrastus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim was an Alchemist, Kabbalist, Physician, Botanist and Hermetic Philosopher. Developing the ideas of the four elements and the three alchemical principles of Mercury, Sulphur and Salt, he had a Hermetic approach to his work. Relating the Macrocosm with the Microcosm and how then man was united with the universe through particular principles and building blocks of nature and thus uniting with God who pervades all things.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;Dr John Dee 1527 - 1608&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;DIV align=justify&gt;A Mathematician, Alchemist, Magician, Cabalist, Astrologer, Hermetic Philosopher and Rosicrucian. An advisor and teacher of mathematics and astrology to Queen Elizabeth&amp;nbsp;I. He traveled to Europe on numerous occasions meeting with the learned of the time. Following his collaboration with Kelley and the communications with angels leading to the Enochian system of magic they stayed with Rudolph II. These were&amp;nbsp; turbulent times and through pressures of the Catholic church he eventually returned to England while Kelley stayed and unsuccessfully attempted to make the philosophers stone for Rudolph II related further below.&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;Rudolph II von Habsburg (1552 - 1612)&lt;BR&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style75&gt;&lt;EM&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, Archduke of Austria&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;DIV align=justify&gt;Rudolph II has been included here for his influential associations with a number of early Rosicrucian minds. John Dee, Edward Kelley, Heinrich Khunrath, Count Michael Maier, Johannes Kepler and Christoph Besold amongst them. They all served prominently within his court in Prague at around the same time. Rudolf II had a life long passion for the arts and sciences, amassing the largest collection of Art in Europe together with drawing together the artists and scientists of the day. The sciences of the time predominantly concerned themselves with Astrology/Astronomy and Alchemy. Sparing no expense he drew upon his collection of unique minds in his quest for the Philosophers Stone. Edward Kelley was dazzled by the Kings lavish payments of money and land in return for the production of the elixir, but this would become his downfall. Kelley was imprisoned and died trying to escape his clutches following two failed attempts at making the philosophers stone.&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;Adam Haselmeyer&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;P align=justify&gt;The Fama Fraternitatis was printed in Cassel (photo on left) by Adam Haselmeyer in 1614. He was a Tyrolian Paracelcian and had seen a manuscript copy of the Fama in Tyrol in 1610, which makes it apparent the manifesto had been written a few years before its first publication. Haselmeyer had been a Knight of the Holy Cross, an Order which proceeded that of the Rosy Cross and his &lt;EM&gt;Responsio&lt;/EM&gt; which forms an appendix to the Fama displays a knowledge about the Rosicrucian movement that lends an inside perspective.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;Heinrich Khunrath (1560 - 1605)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;DIV align=justify&gt;A Paracelcian Alchemist, Qabalist and Lutheran Theologian. He spent time in the court of Rudolph II where he met and was taught various principles by John Dee, an influence that may be perceived through his alchemical emblems, including his&lt;EM&gt; Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae &lt;/EM&gt;(Amphitheater of Eternal Wisdom) Hamburg 1595, lending a christian/magical basis to the progressive development of the spirit through spiritual experimentation. &lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;Sir Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;DIV align=justify&gt;Many enjoy the chase of a good mystery but some ere more to the speculative than the illuminating. In all probability Rosicrucianism was in existence far before the publications of the manifestos which were a public manifestation of a movement previously hidden through necessity from public gaze. Over the years Sir Francis has been elevated by a number of literalist speculators to the ranks of Count St Germain, Count Giles De Blais and CRC himself through the potential of each being one and the same person.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Sir Francis Bacon was a member of the court of King James I and was subsequently the editor of the King James Bible. A most learned man of science and philosophy his European connections included Johann Valentine Andrea whom he visited in Germany. Noted as being a founding member of the Freemasons and a Rosicrucian in England.&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;Count Michael Maier (1568 - 1622)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;A devout Lutheran, Count Michael Maier was a Doctor of Philosophy and Medicine, an&amp;nbsp; Alchemist, a Rosicrucian, a Mystic and an Author of considerable value. He became the physician and imperial counselor to Rudolf II of Hungary, Bohemia and Austria mentioned above. Maier was the author of the superb alchemical treatise Atalanta Fugiens, interlaced throughout along with his other works in Rosicrucian symbolism. On a trip to England he visited Dr Robert Fludd and may have introduced him to Rosicrucianism.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;DIV class=style74 align=left&gt;Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630)&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;P align=justify&gt;Known as the Father of modern astronomy Johannes Kepler was also a noted astrologer to the Court of Rudolf II and as a Christian esotericist his Lutheran theology served him through his ground breaking work. He was at the same university as Johann Valentine Andrea and was amongst a small learned circle who’s shared values would fit readily with the depth of symbolism and allegory the manifestos express. Indeed his three laws of planetary motion which changed the face of how the universe is viewed, and became a major influence on Newtonian law was conceived in a moment of inspiration whilst demonstrating to students in Graz on July 19, 1595 the principles behind the conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter. A poignant conjunction mentioned in the Fama as 'Trygono Igneo' which marked the opening of the vault in 1604. In no little part this forms the key to understanding the referal of Rosicrucians as ‘the Fire Philosophers’. His sphere of philosophical companionship at Tubingën and the topic of analysis that spurred his far reaching inspiration collectively form a symbolic simile on par with that behind the opening of the vault. Refer also to Christoph Besold below.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;Dr Robert Fludd (1574 - 1637)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;DIV align=justify&gt;We have seen above that it may have been Michael Maier who introduced Fludd to Rosicrucianism. Dr Robert Fludd was another scholarly figure of his time. A Paracelcian Physician, Qabalist, Astrologer and noted Alchemist he had a magnetic presence much in the same vein as Sir Francis Bacon, and like Maier he was an insightful Alchemical author, incorporating Qabalistic, Hermetic and Rosicrucian Symbolism within his works.&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;Christoph Besold (1577 - 1638)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;DIV align=justify&gt;Besold was a Qabalist, studying Astronomy with Johannes Kepler at Tubingën University; learned in Arabic, Hebrew and Islamic culture he became the Universities Chancellor no less than seven times throughout his life. He and Kepler both served Rudolf II at the same time - Besold was the Emperors Legal Advisor while Kepler his Court Astrologer. Both among other scholars were acquainted with Andrea and this close circle of Rosicrucian friends at Tubingën University by authorship or design were, we may say, a conclave that formed an unseen pivot for the Rosicrucian movement - if not a keystone to the manifestos themselves. For it is believed as mentioned above regarding Bacon, the publishing of the Rosicrucian Manifestos were a later manifestation of an already existing body of enlightened individuals, with the release of the manifestos coming at a time of liberalism in Germany that allowed for the disclosure and subsequent development of the philosophy of an Order to a wider receptive audience.&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;Johann Valentine Andrea (1586 - 1654)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;DIV align=justify&gt;Andrea is an attributed author of the Chemical Wedding but the depth of symbolism and his age at the time make this a dubious claim despite his death bed proclamation and associations with his family crest. It has been suggested he may indeed have written a play with the same title that formed more a parody of the Rosicrucian manifesto. Plausibility sits more akin to the works being - if not to an earlier time and passed on accordingly then to the collective exponent of the circle of friends we have mentioned above, who together with Andrea were based at the University in Tubingën at the same time period.&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD class=style74 bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top&gt;Daniel Mögling (pseudonym: &lt;EM&gt;Teophilus Schweighardt Constantiens&lt;/EM&gt;)&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;DIV align=justify&gt;An Alchemist, Mathematician and Astronomer, his drawing of the famous depiction of the Invisible College of the Rosicrucians is incorporated in his &lt;EM&gt;Speculum Sophicum Rhodostauroticum&lt;/EM&gt; - '&lt;EM&gt;The Mirror of the Wisdom of the Rosicrucians&lt;/EM&gt;', A work he created in 1618 concerning the spiritual journey of the Rosicrucian.&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;IMG alt=&quot;&quot; align=top src=&quot;http://orderroseandcross.org/fama.jpg&quot; width=115 height=190&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;Thomas Vaughan (1622-66)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;DIV align=justify&gt;A philosopher of magic and mysticism and a Rector of a parish in Wales, Thomas Vaughan translated the Fama and the Confessio into English in 1652. A 'Braid Scots' version had already been published around 1633. Although not certain it is believed he wrote a number of tracts under the pseudonym of Eugenius Philalethes. He was also a Paracelcian Alchemist and actually died through the inhaling of mercury vapor following a failed experiment.&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;Elias Ashmole (1617-1692)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;P align=justify&gt;Initiated into the Rosicrucian &quot;secrets&quot; by William Backhouse of Swallowfield in Berkshire, Elias Ashmole was a Royalist Politician, Astrologer and Alchemist, an early Freemason, Antiquarian and Rosicrucian. He amassed a large and varied antiquarian collection which he donated to the University of Oxford who formed the Ashmolean Museum. It is probable the masonic movement grew out of Rosicrucian origin with Elias as one of its founders.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;Queen Christina of Sweden (1626 - 1689)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;P align=justify&gt;With the majority of the sciences being in the hands of the male species it is unusual and rare to find a female of this time sharing the same passion for the arts and sciences as her male counterparts. Being of nobility she was a respected student of Philosophy, Astronomy, Alchemy and the Arts. With acquaintances throughout Europe she studied under a number of learned professionals in their respective fields including Rene Dsicartes. She was influenced in part by the Rosicrucian movement that was spreading throughout Europe at the time via the unseen distribution of many pamphlets. Following her abdication of 1654 she traveled to Rome where as a patron of the arts she continued or rather increased her alchemical labors and researches until her death in Rome of 1689.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;John Heydon (1629 - 1668)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;P align=justify&gt;A Neoplatonist Occult Philosopher, Astrologer, Geomancer, Alchemist and Rosicrucian. John Heydon wrote a number of Rosicrucian works including The Glory of the Rosie-Cross (1664), The Rosie-Cross Uncovered (1662) and the Voyage to the Land of the Rosicrucians. He was known it seems as a bit of a rogue in his day and we know not all he wrote was attestable to himself, but nevertheless he forms a fascinating and insightful mid seventeenth century character of Rosicrucian learning, and in that context an important historical figure worthy of study.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD bgColor=#000000 vAlign=top&gt;&lt;SPAN class=style74&gt;&lt;FONT color=#dfd6bd&gt;Arthur Edward Waite (1857 - 1942)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;P align=justify&gt;A well respected authoritarian of many subjects through the western esoteric tradition and a prolific author of the same, including the Real History of the Rosicrucians and the Masonic Encyclopedia. Waite was a learned hermetic Philosopher, a prominent Mason, a member of the Golden Dawn and following the dispersal of the Order in the early 1900's he formed the Fellowship of the Rosy Cross. A Rosicrucian Order attracting &lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://orderroseandcross.org/fire-philosophers.html&quot; target=_blank&gt;http://orderroseandcross.org/fire-philosophers.html&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;H1&gt;Utopia Theory in History Christianopolis&lt;/H1&gt;
&lt;H2&gt;About the theoretical utopian society Christianopolis devised by Johann Andrea, about the social, political, and economic structure.&lt;/H2&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Name of Utopia: CHRISTIANOPOLIS 
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&lt;P&gt;Who Created: Johann Valentin Andrea (1586-1654). Humanist scholar, traveler, social reformer, and Lutheran preacher. 
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&lt;P&gt;Described in: Christianopolis (c. 1618). &lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;Population: 400. 
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&lt;P&gt;Physical Layout: Square-shaped city, 700' on a side, located on an island. Well-fortified with 4 towers and a wall. Two rows of buildings, plus a government building and storehouses. All buildings are 3 stories, with public balconies leading to them. Plenty of fresh air and ventilation. A system of zoning separates the food-supply area, drill and exercise area, and public area from industrial areas. 
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&lt;P&gt;Political and Social Structure: &quot;A republic of workers, living in equality, desiring peace and renouncing riches.&quot; Citizens meet in guild halls to &quot;act on sacred as well as civil matters.&quot; Twenty-four councilmen-at-large and a triumvirate of Minister, Judge, and Director of Learning. 
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&lt;P&gt;Property and Distribution of Goods: The only money is in the republic's treasury. Houses are publicly owned and allocated along with furniture. Meals are private, but food is obtained from public storehouses. 
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&lt;P&gt;Production: Industrial areas divided into: 1. agriculture and animal husbandry; 2. food shops and light industry; and 3. heavy industry (metallurgy, glass, earthenware). &quot;The men are not driven to a work with which they are unfamiliar, like pack animals to their task, but they have been trained before in an accurate knowledge of sceintific matters. . . . Their artisans are almost entirely educated men.&quot; Every week each workman receives out of a common stock what is necessary for his work, &quot;For the whole city is, as it were, one common workshop.&quot; A special group makes sure there is sufficient stock for what is to be produced. If there is sufficient stock, &quot;the workmen are permitted to indulge and give free play to their inventive genius.&quot; Their labors &quot;seem to benefit rather than harm their physical bodies.&quot; Working hours are few, so that the rougher trades do not create rough men. 
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&lt;P&gt;Family/Marriage/Sex: Nuclear family. Lack of chastity is severely punished. The purpose of marriage is reproduction. Even married people &quot;may not injure or weaken themselves by too frequent intercourse.&quot; 
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&lt;P&gt;Place of Women: Share college education with men, but they can't vote and they have the special functions of cloth work and housework. &quot;No woman is ashamed of her household duties, nor does she tire of attending the wants of her husband.&quot; 
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&lt;P&gt;Education and Culture: After the age of 6, the children move to a community-run school where the teachers are respected members of the community and not &quot;the dregs of human society nor such as are useless for other occupations.&quot; The students learn all intellectual disciplines as well as a trade. Neither letters nor work is such &quot;that one man, if given enough time, cannot master both.&quot; Within his centers of learning Andrea has invented (a century and a half before the British Museum) the 1st museums. &quot;Instruction enters altogether more easily through the eyes than through the ears.&quot; 
&lt;P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Crime and Punishment: The judges &quot;punish most severely those misdeeds which are directed straight against God, less severely those which injure men, and lightest of all those who harm property.&quot; The death sentence is rare. 
&lt;P&gt;
&lt;DIV class=byline align=right&gt;&lt;BR&gt;© 1975 - 1981 by David Wallechinsky &amp; Irving Wallace&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;P&gt;발췌 : &amp;nbsp;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.trivia-library.com/a/utopia-theory-in-history-christianopolis.htm&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.trivia-library.com/a/utopia-theory-in-history-christianopolis.htm&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
	    </content>
	    	</entry>
    	<entry>
	    <title>병든 교회는 올바른 처방이 필요하다.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://blog.daum.net/alphacourse/11297389"/>
		<id>tag:blog.daum.net,2009:alphacourse.11297389</id>
	    <author>
		    <name>푸르름</name>
	    </author>
	    <updated>2009-11-05T22:51:57Z</updated>
	    <published>2009-11-05T22:51:57Z</published>
	    <content type="html">
	    	&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#303430 size=2&gt;병든 교회에는 올바른 처방이 필요하다 &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;요즘들어 ‘신종풀루’가 극성을 부리며 많은 사람들의 생명을 위협하고 있 &lt;BR&gt;다. 그런가 하면 교회에서는 그 근원이 분명치 않은 각종 세미나 혹은 집회 &lt;BR&gt;들이 성도들의 영혼을 유린하고 있다. 이런 때 교회와 성도들을 섬기기 위 &lt;BR&gt;해 부름받은 목사들의 올바른 처방이 절실히 요구된다 하겠다. &lt;BR&gt;교회의 직분자인 ‘목사’는 어떤 면에서 ‘의사’와 매우 유사하다. 목사 &lt;BR&gt;는 매 주일마다 성도들의 영혼 건강을 좌우하는 영적 양식을 공예배를 통해 &lt;BR&gt;진설하며, 죄에 오염되고 병든 성도들의 마음을 진단하여 그에 합당한 말씀 &lt;BR&gt;의 처방전을 제시하여야 한다. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;혹시라도 개인 성도나 전체 교회가 병들어 있으면서도 그 병을 인지하지 못 &lt;BR&gt;하고 있다면 목사는 그 병명이 무엇인지, 그 병을 고치기 위해서는 어떻게 &lt;BR&gt;해야 하는지를 알려주고 건강을 회복할 수 있도록 섬기며 애쓰는 것이 정상 &lt;BR&gt;적인 태도일 것이다. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;하지만 우리 시대 교회가 극도로 병들어 있음에도 불구하고 수많은 목사들 &lt;BR&gt;은 이에 무관심한 태도를 보이고 있는 것같아서 안타깝다. 성경이 말씀하는 &lt;BR&gt;바 ‘죄로 말미암아 오염되고 철저하게 부패한 인간의 마음’에 심리치유라 &lt;BR&gt;는 엉뚱한 치료법을 처방하는가 하면 자신의 종교철학을 강연하고 삯을 받 &lt;BR&gt;아 챙기는 이른바 삯꾼 목사들도 적지 않은 것같다. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;병들어 고통 받는 환자에게 올바른 지침을 제시하는 것이 아니라 립서비스 &lt;BR&gt;를 통해 거짓된 평안과 희망만 계속 안겨준다면 그 결과는 어떻게 되겠는 &lt;BR&gt;가. 그 병은 점점 심각해지고 낫지 않아서 누룩처럼 퍼지며 온 성도들을 감 &lt;BR&gt;염시켜 결국 교회를 비참한 상태에 다다르게 할 것이다. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;성경을 유일한 진단서이자 처방전으로 여기지 않고 엉뚱한 것을 가져다가 불 &lt;BR&gt;법 진단, 불법 치료를 자행하며 영업하는 불법 목사들이 우리 시대에 활개 &lt;BR&gt;를 치고 있다고 생각하니 하나님 앞에서 두렵기 짝이 없다. 인간의 눈으로 &lt;BR&gt;보기에는 그들의 활동이 합법적일지 모르나 그들의 불법은 결국 하나님의 책 &lt;BR&gt;망을 받는 날이 올 것이기 때문이다(마 7:22-23). &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;변종된 바이러스인 ‘신종플루’가 여러 사람을 사망에 빠뜨리며 유행하는 &lt;BR&gt;요즘, 변종된 바이러스처럼 급속도로 퍼지며 교회를 병들게 하는 불건전한 &lt;BR&gt;신학사상들에 대해 올바른 진단과 처방이 필요한 오늘날 이를 담당하고 있 &lt;BR&gt;는 신학교수들과 목사들은 어떤 반응을 보이고 있는가 살피지 않을 수 없다. &lt;BR&gt;올바른 의술이 아닌 긍정의 힘을 믿는 의사가 위험하듯이 성경이 아닌 스스 &lt;BR&gt;로 만들어 낸 종교적 신념과 철학에 의지하여 교회를 다루는 목사들은 교회 &lt;BR&gt;를 더욱 깊이 병들게 할 위험을 늘 지니고 있다고 할 수 있을 것이다. &lt;BR&gt;메스가 건전한 의사에게는 치료 도구이지만 불법 의사에게는 흉기가 될 수 &lt;BR&gt;있듯이 불법 목사의 활동을 별것 아닌 것으로 가볍게 보며 계속하여 그에게 &lt;BR&gt;말씀의 상속을 맡긴다면 결국 교회는 돌이킬 수 없는 상황에 이르게 될 것이 &lt;BR&gt;다. &lt;BR&gt;우리 시대 교회가 당면한 문제 중 가장 시급한 것은 이러한 불법 활동을 강 &lt;BR&gt;하게 견제하고, 말씀이 계시하는 바 교회를 향한 하나님의 참된 뜻을 올바 &lt;BR&gt;른 처방으로 제시하여 이를 통해 병들어 있던 자신과 교회의 모습을 바로 깨 &lt;BR&gt;닫고 하나님의 은혜로 조금씩 건강을 회복해 가도록 개혁해 가는 일이라 아 &lt;BR&gt;니할 수 없다. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;이 가운데 가장 우선되어야 할 것은 자신과 교회가 얼마나 병들어 있는지를 &lt;BR&gt;올바로 살피는 것이다. 말씀을 통해 자신과 교회를 살피지 않으면 속을 수밖 &lt;BR&gt;에 없기 때문이다. 주위의 모든 사람이 아무리 건강하다, 문제 없다고 진단 &lt;BR&gt;할지라도 말씀에 비추어 볼 때 과연 그러한가를 살피지 않으면 자기를 속이 &lt;BR&gt;게 될 위험이 늘 도사리고 있는 것이다. &lt;BR&gt;뿐만 아니라 교회에는 성도들을 실제로 감독하고 돌보는 직분으로 장로직이 &lt;BR&gt;있다. 장로들은 당회를 통해 가장 먼저 교회의 건강 상태를 점검하고 성도들 &lt;BR&gt;을 심방하며 그들의 영적 상태를 목사에게 알림으로써 성도들의 영혼이 병들 &lt;BR&gt;지 않도록 예방하는 최일선에 서 있는 것이다. &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;그렇다면 교회 안에서 행해지는 각종 혼잡한 행사들과, 성도들을 미혹하고 &lt;BR&gt;참된 말씀의 도리로부터 벗어나게 하는 각종 유사 종교 행위들에 대해 일선 &lt;BR&gt;에서 진단하고 막아내는 최전선의 척후병으로서 자신의 역할에 최선을 다해 &lt;BR&gt;야 할 것이다. 최일선 방역진으로서 장로들이 무너진다면 누가 교회의 건전 &lt;BR&gt;한 상태를 유지할 수 있겠는가. &lt;BR&gt;우리 시대 보편교회가 이러한 일들을 소홀히 하지 않기를 바란다. 자기 만족 &lt;BR&gt;과 재미를 추구하며 자신과 교회의 건강을 올바로 돌보지 않을 때 그리고 &lt;BR&gt;‘나는 건강하다’며 거짓 평안과 거짓 믿음으로 일관할 때 돌아올 결과가 &lt;BR&gt;어떤 것일지를 깊이 생각해보며 반드시 말씀으로 건강 진단을 받는 일을 미 &lt;BR&gt;루지 말아야 할 것이다. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 14pt&quot;&gt;기독교개혁신보&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
	    </content>
	    	</entry>
    	<entry>
	    <title>베니힌의 에큐메니즘적 성향</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://blog.daum.net/alphacourse/11297388"/>
		<id>tag:blog.daum.net,2009:alphacourse.11297388</id>
	    <author>
		    <name>푸르름</name>
	    </author>
	    <updated>2009-11-04T17:48:55Z</updated>
	    <published>2009-11-04T17:48:55Z</published>
	    <content type="html">
	    	&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;I&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: purple; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;Great deception &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;is afoot in the church today, happening right before our very eyes. In fact, it may have already come to your church. False doctrines, a different gospel, and even doctrines of demons have been introduced into many churches via books, music, videos, teachers and movements that claim to be of God. Viewed against this background, the known facts about Benny Hinn are not only shocking but also revealing. &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;Benny Hinn is a Roman Catholic mystic, who is taking the Pentecostal and Charismatic Church down the ecumenical road towards Rome. This has been known for some time. For example the Italian Assemblies of God refused to endorse his crusade in Rome (1996), sponsored by the independent Pentecostals, who themselves were shocked when Mr Hinn failed to even once open his Bible on the first night of the Crusade. On the second night the interpreter refused to interpret Hinn's favourable comments about the Pope and the Catholic Church and the music group refused to sing. The up-shot was that the organisers signed a document of&lt;B&gt;&lt;I&gt; &quot;non-association&quot;&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt; with Benny Hinn, and promised never to invite him to &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;Italy&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt; again. Despite this he was invited as guest speaker to the Australian Assemblies of God Conference in May 1997, where once more he spoke favourably of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. At that Conference he told how he had met with Cardinal Sin of the Philippines, with whom he formed an agreement to encourage people who attended his crusade not to leave the Roman Catholic Church. The Cardinal in turn promised to encourage Roman Catholics to attend the Hinn Crusade. Things have become worse since then! There is documented evidence that Hinn is into necromancy .&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.ivarta.com/columns/OL_050129.htm&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.ivarta.com/columns/OL_050129.htm&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;
&lt;P class=bodytextSmall&gt;New Life Fellowships of Mumbai is one of the largest and fastest growing charismatic churches in eastern India and has many church plants and affiliates scattered throughout the city and surrounding areas. The head pastor, S. Joseph, was hailed last year as being one of C. Peter Wagner’s personally-invited apostles in his International Coalition of Apostles and was received by many churches with standing applause as a specially anointed warrior for the Lord. They have done much to sponsor past visits and propagations of word-faith, televangelical teachings all over and were set to welcome Hinn and his crusaders in December.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=bodytextSmall&gt;Here’s a strange development from quite an unlikely source at first glance. The Roman Catholic churches in Mumbai banded together and effectively, amongst the Catholic parishioners at least, “banned” their people from attending or supporting Hinn and his ministry in any way.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=bodytextSmall&gt;In October 12th’s Sunday Mid Day newspaper, the headlines read: “Catholics warned against Benny Hinn’s City Meetings”. Heres some commentary from the article:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=bodytextSmall&gt;“Hinn, who claims to make contact with the dead, is a controversial figure in the west where he has been criticized for misinterpreting the Bible and prophesizing the appearance of Jesus at his gatherings. His claims of miraculous healing are also treated with skepticism.”&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=bodytextSmall&gt;“Why the Catholic Church has warned its folk against Hinn: Hinn claims God appeared to him in Israel when he was 11.claims to have supernatural powers.says that he has spoken to God.He once said that Jesus was about to make physical appearance at one of his prayer meetings.claims to have visions of angels.claims that he made contact with the dead.”&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=bodytextSmall&gt;“Father Pravin Fernandes: “He never talks of suffering. He talks about physical healing without talking about the spiritual part. He combines histrionics, hysteria and emotionalism to lead gullible believers astray.”&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=bodytextSmall&gt;In addition to the Catholic churches, the Anglican Churches of North India, have also warned against their congregants attending Hinn’s scheduled meetings, although they haven’t forbidden them to go.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=bodytextSmall&gt;It’s clear to see several things from this issue.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=bodytextSmall&gt;It is interesting to see that even Roman Catholic clergy can see that Hinn is a scheister and raise valid concerns over his doctrine and practices, although many of these outraged priests also condone prayers to dead saints and would believe in apparitions and occurrences of a similar necromantic nature.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=bodytextSmall&gt;We can see that the Roman Church is worried about losing many of their followers to Hinn’s ministry: “The church fears that Catholics might flock to Hinn’s independent churches.”&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=bodytextSmall&gt;The mere fact that both Protestants and Catholics alike revere this man at dangerous proportions bordering on and sometimes including worship of his anointing shows the widespread deception among the undiscerning. The climate here is difficult to be in as a missionary. In my witnessing to Hindus, Muslims, and Roman Catholics, I constantly have to clarify that, as a follower of Jesus Christ; I am not a Roman Catholic. Over here, among many, “Christian” is a label that applies to anyone who is not a Hindu or a Muslim and this muddiness is difficult. Combine this generalization with the ecumenical rubbish that has been emerging among many evangelicals, YWAM, and church growth movements where doctrine is not viewed as important, and you’ ve got a most challenging stew to wade through when contending for the true Christian faith and biblical apostolic and scriptural doctrine.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=bodytextSmall&gt;Gul Kriplani is a businessman, allegedly a “Christian”, who is involved in organizing the Benny Hinn show coming in February. He states in the article: “We love the Catholics, there is nothing between the Catholics and us.See, the Catholics believe in Jesus and so do the Protestants. I’m a part of the All India Christian Council, which also has Catholics in it. After all what is a church? It is a body of people, it is not denominations.”&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=bodytextSmall&gt;This quote typifies the “cant we all just get along in one big happy dysfunctioning family” mentality that is so rampant here. Hinn has fans in every circle and, according to men like Kriplani, we just need to join hands and go down under whatever power he or the next assembly line heretical imitator brings to the church here. Like the Hindu Sai Baba, worshipped by many here said “The Lord of all of us is One.” And sadly this sentiment and patently false statement has crept into many churches (so-called) here as well.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=bodytextSmall&gt;Well, I must disagree and dissent vigorously with this dangerous doctrine, the doctrines of Roman Catholicism, and the doctrines of Benny Hinn. Many here have fallen for them and many here refuse to stand against them even if they don’t personally agree. Missionaries need to start really making strong stands and teaching their Indian brothers and sisters true doctrine and discernment between truth and error. Lines need to be drawn using the Word of God as our guide and the mouths of the false teachers must be stopped, although I am definitely persuaded by the teachings of my brother Jacob Prasch, that Hinn and any false teacher is, in addition to being a deception of the devil, also a sort of judgment from God to any who forsake the clear teachings of Christ and His Word. Pray for India and pray that Hinn doesn’t make it to Bombay in February. The church, the missionaries, nor the unsaved need what he is pushing. God help us!&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN class=bodytextSmall&gt;In Christ Jesus,&lt;BR&gt;Steven Mitchell&lt;BR&gt;GateWay Ministries India&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://moriel.org/MorielArchive/index.php/news/benny-hinn-banned-from-bombay&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://moriel.org/MorielArchive/index.php/news/benny-hinn-banned-from-bombay&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Benny Hinn's recent programmes, seen on TV in Hawaii, reveal new programming styles with interviews and crusade clips with Hinn consistently changing his tune and a dangerous trend toward Catholic type worship and ecumenical unity.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;A number of third wave charismatics, key players in today's revivalism were guests on Hinn's programme over recent weeks — Kenneth Copeland, Rod Parsley, Joyce Meyers and Rodney Howard-Browne. Hinn clearly is assuming the apostolic father figure of the healing ministry picking up the mantle where, not Kathryn Kuhlmann, but William Branham left off.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.christian-witness.org/archives/cetf1999/bhinnlower.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.christian-witness.org/archives/cetf1999/bhinnlower.html&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff size=7 face=&quot;Monotype Corsiva&quot;&gt;&lt;IMG src=&quot;http://culticreligions.jrcbdm.com/benny%20behind.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#ee0066 size=4 face=Arial&gt;Always Lacking Behind&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff size=1 face=&quot;Monotype Corsiva&quot;&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;
&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Born: &lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#1100cc&gt;Toufik Benedictus Hinn&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt; a.k.a. &lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#1100cc&gt;Benny Hinn&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;
&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Born on: &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;3-Dec-1952&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;
&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Birthplace: Jaffa, Israel&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Ethnicity: Middle Eastern&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Sexual orientation: ?&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-VARIANT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Religious background: Raised in Greek Orthodox Church, studied in Catholic School&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Date became born again: a) While a teenager in Israel, b) while school in Toronto, Canada, c) at altar call by Kathryn Kuhlman in his early twenties&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Childhood medical risk factor: Stuttering&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Wife: Suzanne Harthern known as Honey – a pastor’s daughter&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-VARIANT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Place of marriage: &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Orlando&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;, &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Florida&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;High School: &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Georges&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt; &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Vanier&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt; &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;High School&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;, Laval, Quebec, dropped out&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-VARIANT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Ancestral: Paternal –Greek, maternal - Armenian&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Occupation: Religious preacher, Paranormal fraud maker, false prophet&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Vocation: Faith healing televangelist&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Formal ministry training: None&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Theological perspective:&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: red&quot;&gt; &lt;/SPAN&gt;Word-Faith movement&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: red&quot;&gt; &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Theology: Heretical&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Denominational affiliation: Ecumenical or none&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-VARIANT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Place ministry started: &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Orlando&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;, &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Florida&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Teaching emphasis: Prosperity Gospel&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Christian behavior: Unorthodox and liberal&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Every meeting Includes: numerous aberrant, false prophecies, mystical and questionable practices, foolish statements, spurious healing and fabricated personal historical accounts&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;TV Show: This is Your Day&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-VARIANT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Place started TV show: &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Toronto&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-VARIANT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Ministry: Benny Hinn Ministry&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Studio and Ministry Home base: &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;California&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Annual Ministry Income: +$120,000,000&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Residence value: $8.5 –million&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Lifestyle: Exorbitant -highly extravagant&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
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&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Website:&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#1100cc&gt;www.bennyhinn.org&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Benny Hinn is advocates the prosperity gospel and the teachings of&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Word of Faith movement. As is implied by the name &quot;Prosperity Gospel&quot; the supporters believe that faith works as a mighty power or force. That it is through their faith that they can obtain anything they want – such as health, wealth, or any form of personal success. However, this force is only released through their faith. According to Hinn, if a person expresses their faith by sowing a sufficient monetary seed into his ministry - that person will be granted divine physical healing. &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;He started preaching on TV in Canada in the 1970s, and has expanded his reach to more than 120 nations. As part of his ministry, he conducts faith-healing services, allegedly curing diseases and congenital defects with a wisp of his breath.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Hinn was reportedly the inspiration for Steve Martin's character in the film Leap of Faith, and several of Hinn's healings were effectively debunked in a 2002 report by NBC's Dateline. &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT color=#1100cc size=5&gt;Example of Benny Hinn false prophecy&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Orlando Christian Center, Dec. 31st, 1989&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp;&quot;The Spirit tells me - Fidel Castro will die - in the 90's. Oooh my! Some will try to kill him and they will not succeed. But there will come a change in his physical health, and he will not stay in power, and Cuba will be visited of God.&quot;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Orlando Christian Center, Dec. 31st, 1989&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp;&quot;The Lord also tells me to tell you in the mid 90's, about '94-'95, no later than that, God will destroy the homosexual community of America. [audience applauds] But He will not destroy it - with what many minds have thought Him to be, He will destroy it with fire. And many will turn and be saved, and many will rebel and be destroyed.&quot;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;On&amp;nbsp; April 2, 2000 &amp;nbsp;TBN program, Benny Hinn claimed that God is about to make a major move to anoint the people of God, as soon as Israel signs a treaty with the ailing Hafez Al-Assad of Syria, which will likely be within the next year. This will signal the impending large scale shift of financial wealth from the wicked to those obedient to God. &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;The death of Assad on June 10th 2000 shows that Benny Hinn did not know what he was talking about, and is further proof that he is a false prophet, if any more evidence was needed.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Benny even told Paul Crouch to expect that there will be dead people raised this year! &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;25th of July, 2000&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;, &amp;nbsp;when peace talks between &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Israel and the Palestinians broke down in Washington, Benny Hinn again appeared on a TBN program and said, regarding the recent death of Hafez Al-Assad and his failure to make peace with Israel, - &quot;...it was God's plan for it &lt;I&gt;not&lt;/I&gt; to happen, really.&quot;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Benny Hinn claimed that Jesus is now physically appearing in Moslem countries, and he predicted on the April 2nd 2000 TBN broadcast that Jesus will appear physically very soon in many churches to signal the nearness of the second coming, and that Jesus would also appear physically on the stage at his crusade in Nairobi Kenya (29th -30th of April, 2000)! He told Paul Crouch he might very well have video of Jesus on the stage when he returned from his trip to Kenya!&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.pfo.org/bh-lying.htm&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;http://www.pfo.org/bh-lying.htm&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT color=#1100cc size=5&gt;Example of Benny Hinn false teachings&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Benny &amp;nbsp;Hinn has taught that the Biblical Adam flew to the moon. He has said that the Christian Trinity is actually God in nine persons, not three, because the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are each comprised of trinities. &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Often Hinn will cause whole sections of the audience or the choir to fall backward in their seats as he claims to be bringing the anointing of the Holy Spirit on them. Such occurrences are usually called &quot;being slain in the Spirit&quot; or &quot;coming under the power.&quot; No Scriptural foundation can be found for this, but it has become an integral part of most Charismatic meetings.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;In one meeting, Benny Hinn said “Before you leave this stadium tonight, every person here will receive a fresh flowing of God's power on your life, and you are going to see demons bow when you say, &quot;in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth.&quot; It has never happened before, but in a few minutes from now, every person here or at home is going to receive that anointing power over demons. Many people will be slain by the power of the Spirit by watching this tonight, and literally thousands upon thousands are going to receive power over Satan. We are going to bury the devil.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN-LEFT: 7.5pt&quot; &gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma&quot;&gt;Example of Benny Hinn false claims&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;OL style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in&quot; type=1&gt;
&lt;LI style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;He claims to be ministering under the anointing of the Holy Spirit; &lt;/SPAN&gt;
&lt;LI style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;He claims to have several or all of the spiritual gifts given to the apostles and early church; &lt;/SPAN&gt;
&lt;LI style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;He claims to have the power to &quot;slay people in the Spirit&quot;; amaze people with their supposed revelations in the exercise of the gifts of prophecy, wisdom and knowledge; &lt;/SPAN&gt;
&lt;LI style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;He claims to have direct communications from and with God, Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit &lt;/SPAN&gt;
&lt;LI style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;He increasingly claims to have received power and authority identical to or even greater than that given to the apostles and prophets of the first century. &lt;/SPAN&gt;
&lt;LI style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;He claims that his ministry is mandated by God who supposedly communicates His will to them by direct revelation apart from and in addition to the Bible. &lt;/SPAN&gt;
&lt;LI style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;He claims to receive instructions directly from God in addition to, apart from and contrary to God's written Word, the Bible,&lt;/SPAN&gt; 
&lt;LI style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;He claims to have had two visions of Jesus before his conversion. The first was at age 11 when he was asleep. The second occurred when he was 19 during a Charismatic prayer meeting when, says Hinn, &quot;suddenly I saw Jesus with my own eyes.&quot; This vision resulted in an immediate conversion.&lt;/SPAN&gt; 
&lt;LI style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;He claims that the Lord told him to begin monthly miracle crusades around the country, in addition to the regular pastoral ministry at the Orlando Christian Center. &lt;/SPAN&gt;
&lt;LI style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;The Lord will tell me, &quot;Say' now' and I will touch them.&quot; That's all He tells me to do: &quot;Say' now.&quot;' It's amazing! I do it, and right away there will be gasps and even screams as the power falls. I open my eyes and invariably two-thirds of the ten thousand or more present collapse onto the floor. Healings of all kinds occur and God makes Himself powerfully known.&lt;/SPAN&gt; 
&lt;LI style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;He claims that what he exercises is the &quot;word of knowledge&quot; in which he reveals the nature of the illnesses of those being allegedly healed in his large meetings and in his television audience. Sometimes he even mentions the name of the person. &lt;/SPAN&gt;
&lt;LI style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;He claims that God will bless them financially if they give sacrificially to his ministry or TBN.&lt;/SPAN&gt; 
&lt;LI style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot; &gt;&lt;FONT style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot; face=Arial&gt;The Holy Ghost is upon me...The day is coming when those that attack us will drop dead. You say, 'What did he say?' I speak this under the anointing of the Spirit. Can I tell you something? Don't touch God's servants; it's deadly...Woe to you that touch God's servants. You're going to pay. 'And the day will come.' The Lord said that to me. He said, 'The day will come when I will punish instantly. Woe to those who touch my chosen.' They will fear us. Hear this: today they mock us; tomorrow they will fear us.&lt;/FONT&gt; 
&lt;LI&gt;
&lt;P align=justify&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;Hinn recently claimed that he was shown the future of his ministry from Kuhlman and Jesus in what he described as a “vision of the night.” June 11, 1997 TIYD Broadcast&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;
&lt;P align=justify&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;A few months earlier, Hinn lured the audience at his Honolulu Crusade with his revelations of not only Kuhlman but the Old Testament prophet Elijah. “I have not just seen angels, I’ve seen saints,” he announced. His narrative there being even more brazenly spiritistic:“You may have a problem with this, I honestly don’t really care. I’ve walked in that [supernatural] world. I’ve seen things you will never be able to understand, unless you’ve been in it. &lt;I&gt;I’ve had individuals appear to me in my room.&lt;/I&gt; Not only angels. I’ve seen sights in prayer, incredible sights!”&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P align=justify&gt;&lt;FONT color=#2244ff face=Arial&gt;J. R. Cherreguine Bible doctrine Ministries&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/OL&gt;
&lt;P align=justify&gt;&lt;FONT color=#2244ff&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://culticreligions.jrcbdm.com/benny_hinn.htm&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://culticreligions.jrcbdm.com/benny_hinn.htm&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P align=justify&gt;&lt;FONT color=#2244ff&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P align=justify&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;
	    </content>
	    	</entry>
    	<entry>
	    <title>알파코스 G12 집회 현장에서 유행하는 성령 터널이란 ?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://blog.daum.net/alphacourse/11297387"/>
		<id>tag:blog.daum.net,2009:alphacourse.11297387</id>
	    <author>
		    <name>푸르름</name>
	    </author>
	    <updated>2009-11-01T18:47:24Z</updated>
	    <published>2009-11-01T18:47:24Z</published>
	    <content type="html">
	    	&lt;P&gt;&lt;EMBED height=344 type=application/x-shockwave-flash width=425 src=http://www.youtube.com/v/ns2ISpAaixo&amp;hl=ko&amp;fs=1&amp; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; wmode=&quot;transparent&quot;&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/EMBED&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;EMBED height=344 type=application/x-shockwave-flash width=425 src=http://www.youtube.com/v/lhJtvGCxza0&amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;color2=0xcfcfcf&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;fs=1 wmode=&quot;transparent&quot; allowScriptAccess=&quot;always&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;/EMBED&gt;&lt;EMBED height=344 type=application/x-shockwave-flash width=425 src=http://www.youtube.com/v/gdXIAIyzhBw&amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;color2=0xcfcfcf&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;fs=1 wmode=&quot;transparent&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot; allowScriptAccess=&quot;always&quot;&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;DIV class=titles&gt;
&lt;H2&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 18pt&quot;&gt;알파코스 G12를 주도한 장로교 통합측 목사 류영모의 저서 인카운터의 핵심 원리 : 임파테이션&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/H2&gt;
&lt;H2&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://book.daum.net/detail/book.do?bookid=KOR9788984711419&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#810081 size=5&gt;인카운터&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/H2&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV class=deco_mid&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DL&gt;
&lt;DT&gt;저자 
&lt;DD id=author_info&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://book.daum.net/search/bookSearch.do?advancedSearchYN=y&amp;author=%EB%A5%98%EC%98%81%EB%AA%A8&amp;sortType=0&amp;searchType=writer&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;류영모&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;SPAN class=fc999&gt;지음&lt;/SPAN&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DD&gt;&lt;/DL&gt;
&lt;P class=details&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P align=left&gt;&lt;IMG class=c border=0 alt=&quot;이미지를 클릭하면 원본을 보실 수 있습니다.&quot; src=&quot;http://pds82.cafe.daum.net/image/10/cafe/2008/09/01/16/57/48bba066a3e58&quot;&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;DISPLAY: none&quot; id=netizen_point_layer&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=etc_info&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://book.daum.net/detail/book.do?bookid=KOR9788984711419#&quot; target=_blank [안내]태그제한으로등록되지않습니다-xx[안내]태그제한으로등록되지않습니다-xx[안내]태그제한으로등록되지않습니다-xx[안내]태그제한으로등록되지않습니다-xxonclick=&quot;showCharacterLayer('KOR9788984711419');return false;&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;DIV class=netizenPointBox&gt;
&lt;DIV class=character&gt;
&lt;DIV class=&quot;char char1 on_right invisible&quot;&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV class=graph&gt;책소개&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV class=&quot;sec book_info sec_first&quot;&gt;
&lt;DIV id=bookIntro class=text&gt;
&lt;P&gt;성공의 사다리 두 번째 과정인 '강화'를 위해 준비된 예수 경험현장 교재. 인카운터를 통해 G12 셀교회를 세우고자 하는 교회와 교인들을 건강하게 만들어 하나님 나라 부흥을 맛보고자 하는 교회들에게 도움을 준다. 2일 일정으로 짜여진 인카운터 수양회 시간표를 함께 수록하였다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV class=more_info&gt;&lt;A class=more_search href=&quot;http://search.daum.net/search?w=tot&amp;q=%25EC%259D%25B8%25EC%25B9%25B4%25EC%259A%25B4%25ED%2584%25B0&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#810081&gt;&quot;인카운터&quot; 통합검색 결과보기&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;A name=toc&gt;&lt;/A&gt;
&lt;H3 class=&quot;topline sec book_agenda&quot;&gt;목차&lt;/H3&gt;
&lt;P class=&quot;topline sec book_agenda&quot;&gt;머리말 &lt;BR&gt;시간표 &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;인카운터 : 만남&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;제1강 인카운터(오리엔테이션) &lt;BR&gt;제2강 만남 : 물러서지 않는 기도 &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;삶의 회복&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;제3강 회개를 통한 삶의 회복 &lt;BR&gt;제4강 십자가를 통한 즐거운 교환 &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;상한 마음을 아버지 마음으로&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;제5강 거절감의 치유 &lt;BR&gt;* 부록 (1)(2) &lt;BR&gt;제6강 아버지 마음, 아버지 사랑 &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;하나님의 나라의 임재&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;제7강 악한 영 대적하기 &lt;BR&gt;* 부록 : 영적 프로파일 &lt;BR&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#c8056a size=4&gt;제8강 성령의 기름부으심(임파테이션) &lt;BR&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;사명과 비전&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;제9강 나의 신분과 사명 &lt;BR&gt;제10강 진정한 성공 : 비전을 이루는 지도자 &lt;BR&gt;* 체크표 (1)(2) &lt;BR&gt;* 인카운터 간증문&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 18pt&quot;&gt;( 게시자 주 )&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Batang; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;하나님 앞에서 이런 비성경적인 현상들을 성령 현상이라고 하며 회중을 미혹하고 있는 은사주의 운동들의 핵심 원리는 &quot; 임파테이션&quot;입니다. 임파테이션은 글자 그대로 해석하면 성령 전이라고 하는데 이 원리는 로마서 1 : 11-12 &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;내가 너희 보기를 심히 원하는 것은 무슨 신령한 은사를 너희에게 나눠주어(&amp;nbsp;IMPARTING )&amp;nbsp;너희를 견고케 하려 함이니 라는 말씀에서 나눠주어( IMPARTING )에 근거를 두고 있습니다.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;전능하시고 무소부재하시는 성령님께서 이런 전이의 방법을 사용하여 임재하신다는 발상은 오히려 성령님의 역사를 제한 하는 것이라 봅니다. 그리고 성령님은 믿는 모든 사람들에게 내재하여 역사하시고 계십니다. 임파테이션은 성령의 역사를 무슨 게임 놀이하는 것처럼 운용하고 있는 실태를 낳고 있습니다. 이 임파테이션은 안수하여 쓰러지는 것으로부터 시작하여 집단 쓰러짐, 쓰러져서 나뒹굴고, 괴이한 소리를질러대고, 몸부림 치고, 게거품을 흘리며 까무라치고, 동물 소리를 내며 기어다니고, 낄낄거리며 웃는 현상들을 연결짓고 있습니다.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;집회의 회중과 사역자는 하나님 앞에 있다는 경외하는 의식이 있어야 할 것입니다. 거룩함, 하나님을 경배하는 역동적이며 경건한&amp;nbsp;찬양, 절제하고 겸손한 마음 가짐, 예의와 정성, 그리고 가장 중요한 것은 하나님의 말씀을 바로 선포하고 그것을 진정으로 받아들이는 회중.... 이런 것은 예배의 가장 기본적인 요건들입니다. 일반 집회건 공식&amp;nbsp;예배건 다 하나님 앞에 드리는 예배입니다.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;예배는 나의 즐거움이 아니라 하나님을 기쁘게 하여 드려야 하는 것이며 하나님께 영광을 돌리는 것입니다.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;임파테이션이라는 원리가 바로 이 예배의 기본을 파괴하고 있습니다. 이 원리는 사악한 것입니다. 어쩌면 기독교를 파괴하기 위하여 사탄적인 생각을 가진 사역자가 만든 것일 가능성을 배제할 수 없습니다. 보십시요. 임파테이션으로 말미암아 예배가 난장판이 되고 있습니다. &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;이 임파테이션 원리는 모든 은사주의 운동의 동력이 되고 있습니다. 임파테이션이라는 이름을 달고 임파테이션만 추구하는 사역자도 생겨났습니다. 이 원리가 순복음 교회 진영은 물론이고 개혁 교회의 집회 현장에 만연되고 있습니다. 차제에 교계는 임파테이션에 대하여 성경적인 분석을 철저히 하고,&amp;nbsp; 그 그릇됨을 공포하여야 할 것입니다.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 18pt&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;임파테이션에 대한 게시자의 소론&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;임파테이션이라는 것은 성령 받은 일자가 다른 사람에게 성령을 전이한다(나눈다)는 것이다. 필자는 임파테이션이라는 용어를 靈媒라고 호칭하고 싶다. 영매는 매우 샤머니즘적인 용어이지만 그 방식은 결국 같기 때문이다. 주로 임파테이션은 손으로 시행하게 되는 데 손수건이나 다른 물건을 사용하기도 한다.&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;이 원리의 주창자들은 성경적 근거로서 다음 두 구절을 인용한다. &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;하나님이 바울의 손으로 희한한 일을 행하게 하시니 심지어 사람들이 바울의 몸에서 손수건이나 앞치마를 가져다가 병든 사람에게 얹으면 그 병이 떠나고 악귀도 나가더라 ( 행 19: 11-12)&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;내가 너희 보기를 심히 원하는 것은 무슨 신령한 은사를 너희에게 나눠주어(&amp;nbsp;IMPARTING )&amp;nbsp;너희를 견고케 하려 함이니 ( 롬 1:11-12)&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;그러나 이 두구절로서 성령받은 일방의 육적 혹은 물적인 매개를 통하여 다른 사람에게 성령이 건너간다는 이론(원리)를 세우는 것은 매우 위험한 발상이다. 전능하신 성령은 이러한 매개를 통하지 아니하고도 자유자재로 원하시는 사람에게 임하실 수 있다. 은사와 믿음과 구원은 하나님과 일대일의 관계에서 이루어지는 신비로운 일이다. 누구라는 혹은 무엇이라는 성령의 전도체가 불필요한 것이다. 바울의 손수건을 가져다가 병든 사람에게 얹은즉 나은 것은 손수건이라는 매개체를 통하여 성령이 전달된 것이 아니다. 사도 바울이 사도됨과 그의 전하는 말씀이 복음임을 확정하기 위하여 하나님께서 보여주신 표적일 뿐이다. 신령한 은사를 나눠주어 너희를 견고하게 한다는 말씀도 그가 가진 은사의 일부를 떼어준다는 것이 아니라, 그가 함께하며 성령님께서 직접 그들에게 신령한 은사를 주시기를 간구하여 응답받겠다는 것이다. 은사의 원천은 성령님이시며 은사를 누구의 소개를 받아서 전해 받는다는 것은 매우 비성경적이다. 임파테이션은 사도 시대의 특수한 성령의 기적의 상황을 편협적으로 해석하고 이것을 토대로 보편화(원리화)하는 잘못을 저지르고 있다. 성경의 어느 한 특수한 부분을 보편화하고 원리화하는 것이 바로 이단과 사이비의 방법이다. &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 160%; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: '바탕'; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;이렇게 잘못된 성경 해석을 바탕으로 하여&amp;nbsp;원리화된 임파테이션이 알파코스 G12의 인카운터 집회의 중요한 원리로 적용되고 있다. 이 임파테이션에 의하여 사역을 하면 성도들이 쓰러지고, 진동하고, 입신하고, 소리지르고, 울부짖고 하는등의 감정적 표출 현상을 일으키게 된다. 집회인도자들은 이러한 현상들을 성령의 강력한 역사로 착각하고&amp;nbsp;임파테이션이 굉장한 원리이며&amp;nbsp;진리인 것처럼 추구하게 된다.&amp;nbsp;임파테이션 원리를 채용하는 것은 결국 은사주의적 사역을 하겠다는 것과 같다. 오늘날 알파코스 G12를 하는 교회들뿐 아니라&amp;nbsp;전세계적으로 임파테이션 원리가 확산일로에 있다. 임파테이션을 하게되면 사역자들은 대상자들을 쓰러트리고 진동시키는 가운데 지배적 쾌감을 얻을 수 있다. 대상자는 대상자대로 정서적 카타르시스의 만족을 가질 수 있을 것이다. 임파테이션은 이러한 주고 받음을 통하여 심리적 지배 관계를 명확히 하는 계기를 만든다. 이러니 사역자들은 임파테이션에 강렬한 매력을 갖게 된다. G12가 임파테이션을 원리로 채택하는 가장 중요한&amp;nbsp;요인은 이 사역을 통하여 목사는 평신도들에 대하여 확실한 카리스마를 갖고 GOVERNING할 수 있다는 것이다.&amp;nbsp;임파테이션을 전문적으로 보급하는 IMI 라는 단체도 한국에 진출하여 한국 교회들에게 전파하고 있다. 그들은 목적은 복음을 전하는 것이 아니라 단순히 임파테이션이라는 비성경적이며 은사주의적인 원리를 전하려는 의도를 가지고 있다. 더욱이 임파테이션의 보급은 모든 개혁 교회들을 은사주의화하는데 초점을 맞춘 에큐메니칼 운동의 일환이라는 것이 감지되고 있다. &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/EMBED&gt;
	    </content>
	    	</entry>
    	<entry>
	    <title>프리메이슨 단체 CNP 멤버 리스트</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://blog.daum.net/alphacourse/11297386"/>
		<id>tag:blog.daum.net,2009:alphacourse.11297386</id>
	    <author>
		    <name>푸르름</name>
	    </author>
	    <updated>2009-11-01T18:09:23Z</updated>
	    <published>2009-11-01T18:09:23Z</published>
	    <content type="html">
	    	&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; align=center&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=5&gt;THE COUNCIL FOR NATIONAL POLICY&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT size=5&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; align=center&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;Past/Present Officers &amp; Prominent Member Profiles&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; align=center&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;PART 1 ~ A - G&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=abramhoff&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Jack Abramhoff&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Membership Roster (1984-85. The International Freedom Foundation (IFF), an organization founded by &quot;conservative&quot; activist, Jack Abramhoff, was recently exposed by senior South African military personnel as a cut-out of the South African military and Special Branch. IFF functioned as a propaganda arm for South African STRATCOM (strategic communications) counter-insurgency operations directed against the African National Congress and the trade union confederation. [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.refuseandresist.org/big_brother/030796circle.html&quot; target=_blank&gt;A Small Circle of Friends&lt;/A&gt;]&amp;nbsp; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN-TOP: 0px; TEXT-INDENT: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px&quot;&gt;&quot;Jack Abramoff became a Washington lobbyist after the Republicans won control of the House in 1994. He has ties that reach to all parts of Washington. He played a key role in what was called the K Street Project -- a Republican attempt to essentially take control of the D.C. lobbying world. By 1995 he would befriend Tom Delay -- who would later call Abramoff 'one of his closest and dearest friends.' He became a key fundraiser for President Bush and served on Bush’s transition team in 2000. His former assistant became Karl Rove’s personal assistant. He was accused of offering Congressional staffers lucrative jobs in exchange for legislative help. Abramoff ordered lobbying clients to give millions in political contributions to key lawmakers. The Wall Street Journal reports Abramoff could implicate as many as 60 lawmakers in the corruption inquiry.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN-TOP: 0px; TEXT-INDENT: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px&quot;&gt;&quot;Lobbyist Jack Abramoff admitted to defrauding at least four Native American tribes of tens of millions of dollars, bribing government officials and evading taxes. Abramoff has reportedly agreed to testify against several members of Congress who received favors or donations from him or his clients. Washington analysts say the corruption scandal could take down as many as twelve lawmakers.&quot; [&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl@sid=06-2F01-2F04-2F1524241&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;The Biggest Congressional Scandal in Over a Century?&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=ahmanson&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Howard Ahmanson, Jr.- &lt;/B&gt;CNP Board of Governors (1996). Member, Council for National Policy; major financial supporter and board member, Chalcedon; President of Fieldstead and Co.; Fieldstead Foundation. Ahmanson is an Orange County financier who inherited Home Savings of America from his father, has spent millions (over $4 million) promoting far-right candidates, first in California and then nationwide. Ahmanson served for more than 20 years on the board of the Chalcedon Institute in Vallecito, California, a think tank devoted to the teachings of its leader, the Rev. &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#rushdoony&quot;&gt;Rousas John Rushdoony&lt;/A&gt; (CNP). The 80-year-old Rushdoony is the father of a movement called Christian Reconstructionism, which holds that Christianity should hold dominion over all earthly affairs. [McMahon] Ahmanson helped found The Rutherford Institute and is a major donor to &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#weyrich&quot;&gt;Free Congress Foundation&lt;/A&gt;; The Ahmanson Foundation was a contributor to the Council on Foreign Relations (&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: #ff0080&quot;&gt;CFR&lt;/SPAN&gt;), according to 1990-1993 Annual Reports. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The Fieldstead Institute helped to fund the book &quot;Restorers of Hope&quot;, written by Amy L. Sherman, which is a PR piece for Welfare Reform's Charitable Choice [1996] which allows state/federal funding to flow into churches. In a radio interview Sherman said that Christians were involved in writing that section of the legislation. When asked in a phone interview who they were and she said &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#bauer&quot;&gt;Family Research Council&lt;/A&gt;, the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#feulner&quot;&gt;Heritage Foundation&lt;/A&gt; and the Center for Public Justice. The book doesn't mention it, but Sherman works part time at the Rockefeller-funded &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.manhattaninstitute.org/index.htm&quot;&gt;Manhattan Institute for Public Policy&lt;/A&gt; [New York] which has cross-over people with both Brookings Institute and &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/Hudson.html&quot;&gt;Hudson Institute&lt;/A&gt; [Diane Ravitch and Chester Finn]. The &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.manhattaninstitute.org/html/cci.htm&quot;&gt;Manhattan Institute' Center for Civic Innovation CCI&lt;/A&gt; is involved in Education Reform, Welfare Reform as well as the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.manhattaninstitute.org/html/cci_program_areas.htm#tjp&quot;&gt;Jeremiah Project&lt;/A&gt;. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=anderson&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Thomas R. Anderson&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1996; 1998). Board of Directors, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/FoxProCGI.acgi$run_module@data_code=CLEAR&amp;extra_code=group_code=ORG671&amp;the_type=Group&amp;&quot;&gt;Family Research Council&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=ankerberg&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Dr. John F. Ankerberg - &lt;/B&gt;CNP Membership Directory (1996, 1998). President, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ankerberg.com/index.htm&quot;&gt;Ankerberg Theological Research Institute&lt;/A&gt;. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=armey&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Hon. Richard K. Armey - &lt;/B&gt;CNP Membership Directory (1984-84, 1988, 1996, 1998). Majority Leader, United States House of Representative (TX-26); main author, Contract with America, which was unveiled during a Capitol signing ceremony on September 27, 1994 featuring over 300 Republican members and candidates; former chairnian, Department of Economics, North Texas State University; author, &lt;I&gt;Price Theory&lt;/I&gt;, a graduate text; listed in &lt;I&gt;Who's Who in America&lt;/I&gt;. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=tarmstrong&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Thomas K. Armstrong&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1996; 1998). President, Armstrong Foundation. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=warmstrong&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Sen. William L. Armstrong &lt;/B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: purple&quot;&gt;- &lt;/SPAN&gt;CNP Board of Governors (1982). United States Senator (R-CO). Chairman of the Subcommittee on Economic Policy, Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs. In 1981, he was the author of the &quot;Tax Indexing&quot; provisions of the Reagan Administration's much publicized &quot;tax cut&quot;. Senator Armstrong is also a Board member of the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/freecongress.html&quot;&gt;Free Congress Research and Education Foundation&lt;/A&gt;, headed by &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#weyrich&quot;&gt;Paul M. Weyrich&lt;/A&gt;, and funded in part by the Adolph &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#jeffcoors&quot;&gt;Coors Foundation&lt;/A&gt;, the Smith Richardson Foundation (Vicks Vaporub) &lt;FONT size=3&gt;72.&lt;/FONT&gt; and the Richard Mellon-Scaife Foundation's millions. &lt;FONT size=3&gt;73.&lt;/FONT&gt; [Miller 4] Advisory Board of &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#beckett&quot;&gt;Intercessors for America&lt;/A&gt;. [Bellant (CC) 27] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=ashbrook&gt;&lt;/A&gt;John M. Ashbrook&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1982). United States Congressman. Ashbrook was a former Chairman of the American Conservative Union (ACU) and a member of the Committee on Conservative Alternatives - Conservative Political Action Conference sponsored by the ACU and Young Americans for Freedom in cooperation with &quot;Human Events&quot; and the &quot;National Review&quot;, in 1975, all described as &quot;networks&quot; of the &quot;New Establishment.&quot; &lt;FONT size=3&gt;75.&lt;/FONT&gt; The term &quot;New Establishment&quot;, as used here, is defined as a grouping of &quot;counter activist networks&quot; under the aegis of &quot;The New Right.&quot; Ashbrook was also active in the Young America's Foundation (tax-exempt arm of &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/jbs-cnp.html&quot;&gt;John Birch Society&lt;/A&gt;-Young Americans for Freedom (YAF), and advisor to United States Congressman Larry McDonald's &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/jbs-cnp.html#wgf&quot;&gt;Western Goals Foundation&lt;/A&gt;, and a member of the Congressional Board of &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: red&quot;&gt;[Moonie]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#jarmin&quot;&gt;Gary Jarmin&lt;/A&gt;'s &quot;Christian Voice.&quot; [Miller 4] Attended conferences of the WACL. [Anderson: 275] The powerful and shadowy YRNF &quot;syndicate&quot; organization ... trained and advanced the political careers of future party leaders and professionals like the late John Ashbrook...[Saloma 40] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;See also: &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/cgi-bin/nbonlin1.cgi/HK&quot;&gt;Nikitin,V. The Ultras in the USA. 1981&lt;/A&gt; (240) &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=atsinger&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Edward G. Atsinger III&lt;/B&gt;- CNP Board of Governors (1996). President and C.E.O., &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.salemcomm.com/index.htm&quot;&gt;Salem Communications Corporation&lt;/A&gt;; chairman, National Religious Broadcasters Music License Committee. Founded Salem Communications in 1986 with his brother- in-law &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#epperson&quot;&gt;Stuart Epperson&lt;/A&gt;, who is Chairman of Salem's board. Each partner owns half&amp;nbsp; the company, but Atsinger remains more involved in day-to-day business decisions. Salem Communications includes 44 stations grouped primarily in major markets across the United States. It is the largest Christian radio group and among the top ten in commercial radio groups in the nation. Salem owns stations in eight of the 10 largest radio markets in America, all but Detroit and Miami. The company's goal is to run stations in the top 25 markets. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Atsinger is also a member of a secretive entity called the Capital Commonwealth Group (CCG) comprised of four multi-millionaires who collaborate to maximize their influence by recruiting and funding candidates for state political office in California: &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#ahmanson&quot;&gt;Howard Ahmanson&lt;/A&gt; (heir to the Home Savings &amp; Loan fortune); Rob Hurtt (president of Container Supply Company, and now a state senator); Edward Atsinger III (owner of 19 Christian radio stations); and Roland Hinz (publisher of dirt bike magazines). In 1992, as the press began to report on CCG and its links to the Radical Right, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#ahmanson&quot;&gt;Ahmanson&lt;/A&gt;, Hurtt, Atsinger, and Hinz formed Allied Business PAC. During the 1992 election cycle, Allied Business PAC and members of CCG as individuals contributed more than $2 million to various candidates and ballot initiatives. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&quot;Unlike a traditional radio company, religious broadcaster Salem Communications Corp. relies largely on the sale of chunks of airtime to make money, rather than on the sale of advertising. More than 50% of Salem's 1998 gross broadcast revenue came from the sale of nationally syndicated and local 'block program time' to religious groups. That was one of the insights in a June 4 company filing with the Securities &amp; Exchange Commission. Local advertising provided 30.6% of revenue, and national ads, 5.2%. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&quot;The filing details Salem's plans to go public, probably by the end of this month, and provides a detailed look at the heretofore-closed world of a Christian radio broadcaster, in this case the nation's largest both in number of stations and audience coverage. Camarillo, Calif.-based Salem owns or is buying 52 radio stations, mostly in major markets. The company owns stations in nine of the top 10 markets and 14 of the top 20 and intends to keep buying stations in the top 50 markets, both where it already has stations and in new cities. The offering will be comprised of 7.5 million shares of stock (1.5 million from current shareholders) priced at $19-$21 per share. The stock will be sold on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol &quot;SALM.&quot; Salem plans to use the estimated $111.3 million in net proceeds to repay debt and fund recent station purchases. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&quot;Upon completion of the offering, President Edward G. Atsinger III, Chairman Stuart W. Epperson and Nancy A. Epperson, Epperson's wife and Atsinger's sister, will control about 90% of the company. Salem executives and analysts working on the company's initial public offering could not comment for this story because of SEC restrictions.&quot; [Broadcasting &amp; Cable, Vol. 129, No. 25, p. 91, 6/99, available at &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.northernlight.com/index.htm&quot;&gt;Northern Light&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=baehr&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Theodore Baehr&lt;FONT size=3&gt; - &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;CNP Membership Directory (1996, 1998). Chairman, Good News Communications;&lt;FONT size=3&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;CEO, Christian Film &amp; Television Commission, a non-profit organization committed to lobbying and educating the entertainment industry and the general public of the media's impact on its audiences; publisher, &lt;I&gt;Movieguide&lt;/I&gt;, a biweekly family guide to entertainment based on biblical values; writes a syndicated column for 44 publications nationwide; award-winning producer, writer, director, radio personality, and world scholar; featured on &quot;Oprah Winfrey Show,&quot; CNN, &quot;Entertainment Tonight,&quot; &quot;The 700 Club,&quot; and the &quot;Morton Downey, Jr. Show&quot;; author, &lt;I&gt;Getting the Word Out&lt;/I&gt;, &lt;I&gt;The Christian Family Guide to Movies &amp; Video&lt;/I&gt; (Vols. 1 &amp; 2), and others; past president, Episcopal Radio-Television Foundation; serves on the board or board of advisors of more than 20 organizations including the National Religious Broadcasters and the American Theater of Actors. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=baker&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Carole Baker&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1996). &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=ball&gt;&lt;/A&gt;William B. Ball&lt;/B&gt;- CNP Board of Governors (1982). Famous Constitutional lawyer, pro-family spokesman, and vice-president and Attorney for the Board of Directors, International Christian Communications, Inc. - publisher of the Christian Inquirer. [Miller 4] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=balsiger&gt;&lt;/A&gt;David Balsiger&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Membership Roster (1988; 1996). Costa Mesa advertising and public relations executive. He received his Bachelor's degree from National University and doctorate from Lincoln Memorial University for his outstanding Lincoln research; wrote &lt;I&gt;The Lincoln Conspiracy&lt;/I&gt;. He's also trained as a private investigator. In 1984, Balsiger formed Ban the Soviet Coalition. Church Universal &amp; Triumphant minister, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#vosseler&quot;&gt;E. Gene Vosseler&lt;/A&gt;, has emerged as a major coalition spokesman. Balsiger described him as &quot;like a right arm for me&quot; and said he is among those responsible for coalition finances. Balsiger was publisher of the Presidential Biblical Scoreboard -1984; Scoreboard Alert - 1989; Christian Coalition's Congressional Scorecard in early 1990s which he sold to Moonie front groups, including Christian Voice in the 1980s, per David Racer's expose on Christian Voice and Sun Myung Moon, &lt;I&gt;Not For Sale&lt;/I&gt;. [LA Times 5/21/84] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&quot;In May 1988, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#grant&quot;&gt;Robert Grant&lt;/A&gt; was invited as the keynote speaker for the annual conference of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ABN), which included many of the same anti-Semitic East European emigre groups recruited by David Balsiger's RAMBO Coalition. With headquarters in Munich and chapters throughout Europe and the United States, the ABN is nostalgic for the days when the Nazis occupied Eastern Europe. Scott Anderson and John Lee Anderson, authors of &lt;I&gt;Inside the League,&lt;/I&gt; describe the ABN as: 'the largest and most important umbrella for Nazi collaborators in the world...A prime criterion for membership appears to be fealty to the cause of National Socialism; ABN officers constitute a virtual &lt;I&gt;Who's Who &lt;/I&gt;of those responsible for the massacre of millions of civilians in the bloodiest war in history.'&quot; [Diamond 78-9] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=bauer&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Hon. Gary Bauer&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Executive Committee (1996). Founded the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.frc.org/index.htm&quot;&gt;Family Research Council&lt;/A&gt;, in 1983, merged with Focus on the Family from 1988-1992, then reorganized as a separate 501C-3 and incorporated as such in the District of Columbia in October 1992. Bauer was featured as a speaker at the Moon's Women's Federation For World Peace Conference in Washington DC in 1996 and had a full page ad in the Moon-owned Washington Times in August, 1997.&amp;nbsp; In 1997, a new headquarters for FRC, a six-story building stands at 801 G Street N.W. in the heart of the nation's capital, was built and decorated with funds through resources provided by FRC benefactors, the families of &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#edprince&quot;&gt;Ed and Elsa Prince&lt;/A&gt; and 33º Mason &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#rdevos&quot;&gt;Richard DeVos&lt;/A&gt; of Amway fame. [FRC &quot;Washington Watch&quot; 1/3/97] Bauer ran as a candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the U.S. In February of 2000, Bauer withdrew and endorsed pro-abortion candidate, John McCain. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=beckett&gt;&lt;/A&gt;John Beckett -&lt;/B&gt;CNP Membership Roster (1988, 1996, 1998. 1999). Founding member and President, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ifa-usapray.org/index.htm&quot;&gt;Intercessors for America&lt;/A&gt;; Secretary-Treasurer, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/rrt.txt&quot;&gt;Religious Roundtable&lt;/A&gt; (1986). Advisory Board Member, National Integrity Forum; Board of Directors, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/freecongress.html&quot;&gt;Free Congress Research and Education Foundation&lt;/A&gt;. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Member of Coalition on Revival (COR) steering committee with &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database1.html#marshner&quot;&gt;Connaught Marshner&lt;/A&gt;. Intercessors' newsletters indicate that the group is involved with shepherding discipleship cult leaders, as does Beckett's COR leadership position...IFA has been supported by the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#jeffcoors&quot;&gt;Coors Foundation&lt;/A&gt;... [Bellant (CC) 26] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Intercessors for America was one of the groups that joined in a 1984 ceremonial dinner honoring Roberto D'Aubuisson of El Salvador. At the dinner a plaque was presented to D'Aubuisson honoring his &quot;continuing efforts for freedom in the face of communist aggression which is an inspiration to freedom-loving people everywhere.&quot;(4) Roberto D'Aubuisson is the founder of the ARENA party currently in power in El Salvador. He is considered to the the father of the death squads in El Salvador. [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/ifa.txt&quot;&gt;IRC: IFA&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=berryman&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Ray Berryman &lt;/B&gt;- CNP Board of Governors (1996). &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=blackwell&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Morton Blackwell - &lt;/B&gt;Executive director, Council for National Policy; founder and president, the Leadership Institute, a foundation which trains youg people for youth leadership; founder and chairman, Conservative Leadership PAC; Republican National Committeeman from Virginia; treasurer, Reagan Mumni Association; former special assistant to President Reagan on the White House staff; former staff member, Senate Republican Policy Committee; former policy director, U.S. Senator Gordon J. Humphrey; overseer, 1980 Youth for Reagan effort; former editor, &lt;I&gt;The NewRight Report&lt;/I&gt;; former contributing editor, &lt;I&gt;Conservative Digest&lt;/I&gt;. Formerly with &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#viguerie&quot;&gt;The Viguerie Company&lt;/A&gt;. Spouse: Helen R. Blackwell, Virginia state chairman, Eagle Forum; chairman, Voting Integrity Project; former member, State Central Committee, Republican Party of Virginia. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;With Paul Weyrich and Richard Viguerie, Blackwell met with Jerry Falwell to found the Moral Majority. &quot;Finally, on the verge of realizing his right-wing utopia, Weyrich harvested what his friend Morton Blackwell termed 'the greatest track of virgin timber on the political landscape': evangelicals. 'Out there is what you might call a moral majority,' he told Jerry Falwell in Lynchburg, Pennsylvania, in 1979. 'That's it,' Falwell exclaimed. 'That's the name of the organization.'&quot; [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/magazines.enews.com/magazines/tnr/archive/10/102797/grann102797.html&quot;&gt;Robespierre of the Right&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Morton Blackwell works with Plinio de Correa de Olivier's &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.tfp.org/index.htm&quot;&gt;Tradition, Family &amp; Property&lt;/A&gt; (TFP) and endorsed Olivier's book, &lt;I&gt;Nobility &amp; Analagous Traditional Elites&lt;/I&gt;, on the necessity of restoring traditional Nobility &amp; Elites to rule the world. In the Forward Blackwell wrote: &quot;One does not have to accept Papal infallibility to appreciate a case persuasively made, using theological, moral, and prudential arguments. This book will convince many readers, whatever their faith, that good elites are legitimate, desirable and, yes, necessary.&quot; &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.multimania.com/kelebek/cesnur/storia/gb21.htm&quot;&gt;The Secret Story of a Cult Apologist&lt;/A&gt; by Miguel Martinez features a picture of Paul Weyrich and Morton Blackwell with the American head of TFP, which is the parent organization of CESNUR, the cult apology network for cults such as Scientology. [See Vampire Massimo Introvigne, director of CESNUR, who is also the head of the Italian chapter of the *&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.kelebekler.com/cesnur/txt/vamp2.htm&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Transylvanian Society of Dracula&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;*!] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=bolan&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Thomas A. Bolan&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Membership Roster (1984-85; 1988; 1996). Attorney at Law; Director, Overseas Privat Investment Corportaion; Member, U.S. National Commissin for USESCO; Board of Editors, National Law Journal; former Chairman, Mercantile National Bank, Chicago; a Founder and Executive Committee member, Conservative Party of N.Y.; Member, Judicial Screening Committee, Sen. Alphonse D'Amato [R-N.Y.]; Co-Chairman, NY Reagan-Bush '84; World War II USAF veteran, decorated with Air Medal with five oak clusters. &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: red&quot;&gt;Sovereign Military Knights of Malta.&lt;/SPAN&gt; A partner in Saxe, Bacon and Bolan, the law firm of Roy Cohen (Senator Joseph McCarthy's henchman during the 1950s). [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.mosquitonet.com/~prewett/ncrdateunknown.html&quot;&gt;National Catholic Reporter&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT size=3&gt; ; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/JBS.html&quot;&gt;John Birch Society&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Bolan was a founding trustee of the St. Francis of Assisi Foundation, the purported charitable organization a charity with links to the Vatican that &lt;B&gt;Martin Frankel&lt;/B&gt; had established in the British Virgin Islands (and tied to the British-American Commonwealth dirty-money apparatus, according to the New Federalist). Martin Frankel recently fled the country after exposure of an alleged embezzlement scheme of $3 billion from insurance companies. Bolan is also a friend and former top adviser to President Reagan. When Pope John Paul visited Alaska in 1981, Bolan was flown there on Air Force One to represent the president. Records show that Bolan was flown to Italy at Frankel's expense on March 9 for a meeting with the Vatican's secretariat - the Holy See's equivalent of secretary of state - concerning the St. Francis foundation's relationship with the Vatican-funded Monitor Ecclesiasticus Foundation. [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.davidignatius.com/071899WashingtonPost.html&quot;&gt;Washington Post&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=boone&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Pat Boone&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1982). Member of the Board of Directors of Clement Stone's Religious Heritage of America (RHA). [Miller 4] Pat Boone is an elder in Jack Hayford's (Foursquare Gospel) Church on the Way in Van Nuys, California, where Trinity Broadcasting Network founders, Paul and Jan Crouch, are members. The Foursquare Gospel Church founded by twice-divorced Aimee Semple Mcpherson is the American extension of British-Israelite Elim Foursquare Gospel Alliance of Great Britain which has much influenced the American Assemblies of God. Jack Hayford was instrumental in helping the apostate &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/discernment.html&quot;&gt;Worldwide Church of God&lt;/A&gt; become a member of the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/people.we.mediaone.net/billhud/index.html#FoursquareWCG&quot;&gt;National Association of Evangelicals&lt;/A&gt;. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=bott&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Richard Bott&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1996). President, Bott Radio Network. In 1986, South Africa's Department of Information (DOI) authorized expenditures of $73 million for more than 160 secret projects to buy politicians and media favorable to the &lt;I&gt;apartheid &lt;/I&gt;state. [National Reporter, Winter 1985] Rev. Moon's Washington Times was one of the beneficiaries -- approximately $4.5 million was funneled to Moon's overseas enterprises... The current Christian Right media treatment of South Africa was organized at the February 1986 convention of the National Religious Broadcasters... In May, National Religious Broadcasters executive director Ben Armstrong toured South Africa with... Dick Bott, owner of a string of Christian radio stations in the Midwest... the tour was paid for not by U.S. broadcasters but by an &quot;anonymous group of South African businessmen.&quot; Armstrong confirmed this and agreed that some of the money may come from the South African government. [Covert Action Information Bulletin 27:25] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=bowers&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Dr. James Bowers&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1996). &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=bouchey&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Lynn Francis Bouchey&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Membership Roster (1984-85). An active organizer for the Unification Church's CAUSA operations in Central and South America. [Frederick Clarkson, &quot;'Privatizing' the War,&quot; &lt;I&gt;Covert Action Information Bulletin&lt;/I&gt;, Washington, D.C., Number 22 (Fall 1984), p. 33] Bouchey, the co-author of &lt;I&gt;The Strategy of Terror&lt;/I&gt; (written with Stefan Possony), was a former member of the Young Americans for Freedom employed by the American-Chilean Council, a front for the murderous Pinochet regime. [Alan Crawford, &lt;I&gt;Thunder On The Right: The &quot;New Right&quot; and the Politics of Resentment&lt;/I&gt;, New York, Pantheon Books, 1980, p. 197] Member of the first and second Committee of Santa Fe... In 1980, [the Council for Inter-American Security] published the influential &lt;I&gt;A New Inter-American Policy for the Eighties&lt;/I&gt;, generally known as the &quot;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/megiddo.html#pratt&quot;&gt;Santa Fe Document&lt;/A&gt;.&quot;...The authors called for the &quot;restoration&quot; of the Monroe Doctrine as the linchpin of U.S. regional strategy. In other words, the United States was free to pursue its regional interests unhindered. Bluntly, this meant that the internal politics of the Central American states were subject to &quot;review&quot; by the U.S.: &quot;correctives&quot; -- dictated from Washington -- would be applied as needed. [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.refuseandresist.org/big_brother/030796circle.html&quot; target=_blank&gt;A Small Circle of Friends&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=breese&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Dr. David W. Breese - &lt;/B&gt;CNP Membership Roster (1984-85; 1988; 1996; 1999). President, Christian Destiny, Inc., Board of Directors, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/CSW.html&quot;&gt;Christian Solidarity International&lt;/A&gt; U.S.A., and a member of the National Advisory Board of the Moon lobby, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#grant&quot;&gt;Christian Voice&lt;/A&gt;, member of &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/rrt.txt&quot;&gt;Religious Roundtable Council of 56&lt;/A&gt;. [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/csusa.txt&quot;&gt;IRC: Christian Solidarity U.S.A&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=bright&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Dr. William Rohl Bright&lt;/B&gt; (1921-2003) - CNP Board of Governors (1982). Formerly fancy foods salesman. For 11 years, Bill and Vonette Bright were groomed for leadership and trained in ecumenical doctrine living in the home of Henrietta Mears, who with Charles Fuller, Harold Ockenga, J. Edwin Orr of Oxford University and Armand Gesswein worked together to establish ecumencial campus movements. President and&amp;nbsp; Founder of Campus Crusade for Christ, member of the National Honorary Committee of the RHA, and a leading participant at the founding of the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#step&quot;&gt;STEP Program and Foundation&lt;/A&gt;. In 1951, Nelson Bunker Hunt, heir of the Hunt Oil Company fortune, and Wallace Johnson, founder of Holiday Inns, worked with and funded Bill Bright's Campus Crusade for Christ to the tune of $15.5 million. In 1967, formed Christian World Liberation Front (CWLF) as a covert front for Campus Crusade, which split off and became a leading ministry in the Jesus People movement. Bunker Hunt arranged a retreat for more than 500 millionaires who pledged $20 to Campus Crusade. [Media Spotlight 22:1, p.8; Saloma 53; Diamond 51-56] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=brown&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Floyd Brown -&lt;/B&gt;CNP Membership Roster (1999) Director of &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.citizensunited.org/index.htm&quot;&gt;Citizens United&lt;/A&gt;. Spearheaded the early work on the &quot;Clinton scandals and distributed videotape called &quot;Clinton Chronicles&quot;; the author of the racist Willie Horton TV ad in the 1988 presidential election. &quot;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#grant&quot;&gt;Christian Voice&lt;/A&gt; pioneered the use of 'moral report cards' to rate Congressional and presidential candidates on issues from abortion to sanctions against Rhodesia. The organization was started in California in 1976 under the name Citizens United. In August 1978, the gropu changed its name to American Christians United and in October 1978 to Christian Voice, Inc.&quot; [Diamond 62] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=brunelli&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Samuel A. Brunelli -&lt;/B&gt;CNP Membership Roster (1996). Former Executive Director and Chairman of the Board, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.alec.org/index.htm&quot;&gt;American Legislative Exchange Council&lt;/A&gt;. National Advisory Board of Capital Research Center. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: ZapfChancery&quot;&gt;T&lt;/SPAN&gt;he American Legislative Exchange Council [ALEC], another &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#weyrich&quot;&gt;Paul Weyrich&lt;/A&gt;-formed institution, is a member of the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/freecongress.html&quot;&gt;Free Congress Foundation's Coalition for Constitutional Liberties&lt;/A&gt;. Ex-ALEC Director Samuel Brunelli is listed as a member of Chester Finn�s Education Policy Committee which interfaces with GOALS 2000 [�95]. Both American Legislative Exchange Council [ALEC�conservative] and the ALEC counterpart, the National Conference of State Legislatures [NCSL�liberal], blanket state legislators with their MODEL legislation. ALEC boasts a membership of over 3,000 state legislators; additionally there are over 450 corporate members. ALEC supports charter school legislation. ALEC literature discusses their promotion of &quot;public/private partnerships&quot; as a solution to reform government. These partnerships will utilize public funds, but will remove accountability to taxpayers. There is a high correlation of GOALS 2000 related corporations who are members of ALEC. [ See &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/wyl.ewg.org/FoxProCGI.acgi$run_module@data_code=CLEAR&amp;extra_code=group_code=ORG197&amp;the_type=Group&amp;&quot;&gt;ALEC Corporate Members&lt;/A&gt; ] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;An offshoot of ALEC recently honored the wife of Sun Myung Moon, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/unification.net/misc/nfwl_plaque.html&quot;&gt;Dr. Hak Ja Han Moon&lt;/A&gt;. The award was presented by Robin Brunelli, president of the National Foundation for Women Legislators and the wife of Sam Brunelli, the Director of ALEC and long-time member of the CNP. For more information, the extensive connections between the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/moon.html&quot;&gt;Council for National Policy and Sun Myung Moon&lt;/A&gt; were discussed at length during an AFN radio interview of Chey Simonton by Kelleigh Nelson. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=burkett&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Larry Burkett -&lt;/B&gt;CNP Membership Roster (1996, 1999). Founder and CEO, &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.cfcministry.org/index.htm&quot;&gt;Christian Financial Concepts&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=commuta&gt;&lt;/A&gt;John Commuta&lt;/B&gt;- CNP Board of Governors (1982). Operations Manager of the National Religious Broadcasters and one of ...more than 30 evangelical Christian leaders and Orthodox Jewish Rabbis representing the top leadership of the Rabbinical Council of America... &lt;FONT size=3&gt;78.&lt;/FONT&gt; who met in Washington D.C. ...to forge an alliance of political support for Israel... The two groups said the meeting may become the first step in an alliance on domestic and other foreign issues as well...&lt;FONT size=3&gt; 79 &lt;/FONT&gt;[Miller 5] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=cone&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Robert Cone&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1996). Former co-owner and present director, Graco Childrens Products, Inc. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=cook&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Peter Cook&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1996). &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=hcoors&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Holland (Holly) Coors&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1982); CNP Executive Committee (1988, 1994); CNP Vice President (1996). The Coors Brewing Company purchases image advertising in women's and feminist publications...To improve its reputation and expand its sales, the Coors Corporation purchases image-enhancing advertising in gay and lesbian publications around the country...The Coors family has funded and worked with the interlocking network of organizations under &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#weyrich&quot;&gt;Paul Weyrich's&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: purple&quot;&gt; &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/heritage.html&quot;&gt;Heritage Foundation&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt; which have employed racists, eugenicists, a former Ku Klux Klan leader, and a convicted Nazi collaborator. Executive Advisory Board of&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: purple&quot;&gt; &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#phillips&quot;&gt;The Conservative Caucus&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: purple&quot;&gt;. &lt;/SPAN&gt;[Bellant (CC) 58, 64, 69] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=jeffcoors&gt;J&lt;/A&gt;effrey Coors&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1996). CNP Membership Roster (1984-85; 1988; 1996). &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Jeffrey H. Coors sits on the Free Congress Foundation board of directors along with the FCF director &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#weyrich&quot;&gt;Paul Weyrich&lt;/A&gt;, an ardent supporter of the neo-fascist Society for the Protection of &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.tfp.org/index.htm&quot;&gt;Tradition, Family and Property&lt;/A&gt;; and Charles Moser, an editorial adviser to a publication that praises the Nazi Waffen SS. Weyrich, who for years has represented the political interests of the Coors family in Washington, DC, sponsors the work of a convicted Nazi collaborator, Laszlo Pasztor, a Hungarian-American who is employed at FCF. The Coors-funded &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/heritage.html&quot;&gt;Heritage Foundation&lt;/A&gt; co-sponsored a 1989 forum with a pro-Nazi group, the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#abn&quot;&gt;Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations&lt;/A&gt;. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Coors family funding continues to flow toward rightist groups, and the family's political involvement plays a crucial role in the establishment and maintenance of key organizations defining the political dialogue for both the New Right and the Religious Right. Ironically, the family derives the bulk of its wealth from working-class and middle-class people who purchase Coors beer products. The Coors family, through its political operations, then uses its share of the profits from beer sales to perpetuate and encourage regressive governmental and social policies serving only the narrow interests of a handful of the very wealthy in this country. That they are able to cloud this reality is due to the Coors Corporation's high-visibility advertising campaign. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The Coors family is highly influential in shaping the activities of three organizational pillars of the New Right--the Heritage Foundation, the Free Congress Foundation (FCF) and the Council for National Policy (CNP)--which comprise an influential force in Washington, DC. It involvement with these key groups provides the Coors family with a conservative political base. From this base, the family is connected to prominent activists in other New Right organizations, to groups on the Religious Right, and to allies in governmental agencies and in Congress. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Power Brokers: There are other powerful New Right funders, but it is the Coors family who time and again appear in leadership roles in New Right institutions, offering a guiding hand along with their signed checks. The family is seen, by critics and compatriots alike, as being in the front rank of conservative U.S. power brokers. Some observers contend that the Coors empire has moderated politically because the Coors Corporation now financially supports some women's, civil rights and gay and lesbian groups. [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.totse.com/files/FA020/coors.htm&quot;&gt;Still Backing the Hard Right&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=jcoors&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Joseph Coors - &lt;/B&gt;CNP Board of Governors (1982); Executive Committee (1984-85). Chairman of the CNP Governmental Affairs Committee, president of the Adolph Coors Company, chairman of the Board, Coors Porcelain Company, former Regent of the University of Colorado, former member of the Board of Directors of the National Association of Manufacturers&amp;nbsp; (NAM), a member of the Citizen's Legal Defense Fund for the FBI, Ad Hoc, which is closely allied with the National Lay Committee of the National Council of Churches (NCC), and a prime donor at the founding of the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/heritage.html&quot;&gt;Heritage Foundation&lt;/A&gt;. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&quot;The founder,&quot; beer magnate Joe Coors, donated the first-year Heritage budget of $250,000 for 1973 from the coffers of the coors Corporation...For the next two years Coors gave $200,000 to the group...then pledged $15,000 per month... Eventually, Coors and Weyrich set up the Committee for the Survival of a Free Congress to carry out political activities and the Heritage Foundation as a tax exempt educational research entity. The Coors company provided Heritage Foundation with $20,000 per month during the foundation's first year. Weyrich was Heritage president until February 28, 1974. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In 1980, Heritage published &lt;I&gt;Mandate for Leadership&lt;/I&gt; to guide the incoming Reagan Administration and its transition team.... Working the high-level inside track on these personnel hirings was Reagan's &quot;Kitchen Cabinet,&quot; of which Joe Coors was probably the best known member. A Reagan loyalist since the 1968 GOP convention, Coors began spending a lot of time in Washington, D.C. and the White House. The attempt at governance by the Kitchen Cabinet became so elaborate that they actually established an office in the Executive Office Building across from the White House. Embarrassed by the image of a covey of millionaires seeming to run parallel and sometimes conflicting personnel recruitment operations, senior White House staff produced legal opinions saying that it was illegal for a private group to occupy government property, in this case a White House office. Although Coors produced a legal opinion arguing there was no violation of law, Coors and friends were evicted. Heritage could hardly claim diminished relations with the Reagan Administration, however, as an estimated two-thirds of its&lt;I&gt; Mandate &lt;/I&gt;recommendations were adopted in the first year of the Administration. Further, Heritage was using a letter of endorsement from White House Chief of Staff &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#meese&quot;&gt;Ed Meese&lt;/A&gt; in a December 1981 fundraising effort. In his letter of endorsement, Meese promised Feulner that &quot;this Administration will cooperate fully with your efforts.&quot; After leaving the Reagan Administration, Meese joined the staff of the Heritage Foundation. [Bellant (CC) 1,9,10] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=crowley&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Mary C. Crowley &lt;/B&gt;- CNP Board of Governors (1982). Member of the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/rrt.txt&quot;&gt;Religious Roundtable Council of 56&lt;/A&gt;. [Miller 4] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=danielson&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Beverly Danielson&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1996, 1998). Art Institute of Chicago; board of directors, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#irvine&quot;&gt;Accuracy in Media&lt;/A&gt; and the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#blackwell&quot;&gt;Leadership Institute&lt;/A&gt;; member, advisory board, Center for the American Founding; member, executive committee and board of governors, Council for National Policy; associate, the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/heritage.html&quot;&gt;Heritage Foundation&lt;/A&gt;; advisory council, Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy; member, Granada Presbyterian Church; board of overseers, Institute for World Politics; trustee, Capital Research Center; board of trustees, Media Research Center; member, Metropolitan Club; founding member, Riviera Country Club; member, policy committee, The Vizcayans. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=dannemeyer&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Sen. William Dannemeyer&lt;/B&gt;- Board of Directors, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/cdf.txt&quot;&gt;Council for the Defense of Freedom&lt;/A&gt;; Congressional Advisor, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/ndcf.txt&quot;&gt;National Defense Council Foundation&lt;/A&gt;, founded and directed by &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database1.html#messing&quot;&gt;Major F. Andy Messing, Jr&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&quot;Congressman William Dannemeyer accompanied the Christian Emergency Relief Team (CERT) International on a tour along the Honduras/Nicaragua border in 1987. According to Daniel Junas, CERT is coordinating its Honduras activities with members of the Unification Church or its related organizations. Junas, a researcher on the Unification Church, said it appears that CERT has taken over the direct humanitarian and contra assistance work of CAUSA, the political arm of the Unification Church.(13,14) He also indicated that the American Freedom Coalition, an organization dominated by the Unification Church, tried to arrange morning TV appearances for a representative of the Miskito Indians who was working with CERT.(13) The American Freedom Coalition has also supported CERT financially.&quot; [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/cert.txt&quot;&gt;IRC: CERT&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=kdavis&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Karen Davis&lt;/B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt; - &lt;/SPAN&gt;CNP Board of Governors (1982). Fort Worth, Texas. Mrs. Davis (Karen) is the National Director of Christian Women's National Concerns, an arm of the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#robison&quot;&gt;James Robison Evangelistic Association, Inc&lt;/A&gt;. (Editor's note: This is the James Robinson discussed previously in connections with the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#step&quot;&gt;STEP Program and Foundation&lt;/A&gt;.) [Miller 5] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=cdavis&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Cullen Davis&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1982). According to Fletcher Brothers writing in the Christian Inquirer of June 1981 heads some 80 Corporations, Cullen Davis is vice-president of KenDavis Industries, Inc. - the largest oil drilling firm in America. Davis is also one of the founders of the Texas Roundtable, an offshoot of &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database1.html#mcateer&quot;&gt;McAteer's Religious Roundtable&lt;/A&gt; of Washington, D.C. [Miller 5] With &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#hwhunt&quot;&gt;Nelson Bunker and Herbert William Hunt&lt;/A&gt;, wealthy Texan, T. Cullen Davis funded the Council for National Policy in 1981 and began recruiting members. [Bellant CC 37] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=deborchgrave&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Arnaud deBorchgrave&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Membership Directory (1988); Editor-in-Chief, The [Moon-owned] Washington Times; former chief correspondent, Newsweek, former correspondent UPI, Sr. Advisor, Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies; member of the Council on Foreign Relaions (&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: red&quot;&gt;CFR&lt;/SPAN&gt;). &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=rdevos&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Richard DeVos&lt;/B&gt; - &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/mercury.spaceports.com/~persewen/list_freemasons.htm&quot;&gt;33º Freemason&lt;/A&gt;- CNP Executive Committee (1984-85); CNP Senior Executive Committee (1986-88, 1990-93). Founder of Amway Corporation;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: purple&quot;&gt; &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.templeton.org/prize/pkjudges.asp&quot;&gt;Templeton Foundation&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: purple&quot;&gt; &lt;/SPAN&gt;- judge for the Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion; Bd. of Directors of (33º Mason) Robert Schuller Ministries, &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/pilgrim.html&quot;&gt;Newcomen Society&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;, Trustee of (33º Mason) Gerald R. Ford Foundation, &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/roundtable.html&quot;&gt;Round Table&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;. Served on Chairman's Council of the Conservative Caucus. In an undated Amway brochure titled &lt;I&gt;3 Decades of Caring: AMWAY&lt;/I&gt;, Amway announced that it had launched &quot;a new, five year corporate sponsorship: the Aspen Global Change Institute. Amway's partners in this exciting new project include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the United Nations Environment Programme, and the Windstar (John Denver) Foundation.&quot; [(Who's Who in America (1992-93); Bellant (CC) 27); Harris] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;One of the principal Committee of 300 assets in the U.S. is the Aspen Institute of Colorado, which helped plan events in Argentina even as it did in the case of the fall of the Shah of Iran. Latin America is important to the United States, not only because we have so many mutual defense treaties with countries there, but also because it has the potential of providing a huge market for American exports of technology, heavy industrial equipment which world have galvanized many of our faltering companies and provided thousands of new jobs. This was to be prevented all costs, even if it meant 30 years of war. [&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/members.tripod.co.uk/JAHMP/300.htm&quot;&gt;Committee of 300:2&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=richdevos&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Rich DeVos&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Excecutive Committee (1994); Board of Governors (1996). &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=dingman&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Dick Dingman&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1982). Former executive director of the Republican Study Committee, former administrative assistant to Congressman John Conlon, and member of the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/rrt.txt&quot;&gt;Religious Roundtable Council of 56&lt;/A&gt;. [Miller 5] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=dobson&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Dr. James Dobson&lt;/B&gt;- CNP Board of Governors (1982). Associate of Pediatrics, USC School of Medicine. Founder and Director of Focus on the Family. Signed 1993 Covenant of Mutual Respect responding to objections of Catholic and Jewish leaders in Colorado Springs that &quot;Jewish and Catholic youth were being evangelized at school.&quot; In this covenant, Focus on the Family, Young Life, International Students, Inc., and the Navigators agreed to cease such activities out of respect for other religious beliefs. A former employee of Focus on the Family presents a rare inside look at FOTF in an expose, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.despatch.cth.com.au/dobson_audiotrans.htm&quot;&gt;Let's Focus in on Focus on the Family&lt;/A&gt;. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In 1989 Focus on the Family vice president Rolf Zettersten testified: &quot;One of the striking first impressions I had when I came to Focus on the Family seven years ago was the diversity of denominations represented by my co-workers&quot; (Focus on the Family, December 1988). He said: &quot;I joined the Nazarenes, Presbyterians, Baptists, and Charismatics (&amp; many other denominations) who had cast their theological distinctives aside in order to achieve a common objective--to help families.&quot; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The March 8-14, 1998, issue of the National Catholic Register contained an article about Catholic musicians. which noted that James Dobson and Focus on the Family has endorsed Roman Catholic singer, Kathy Triccoli, and her music. The National Catholic Register also pointed out that Dobson endorses a Catholic youth magazine named &quot;YOU!&quot; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The November 1989, issue of Focus on the Family's Clubhouse magazine featured the late Roman Catholic Mother Teresa. A smiling Mother Teresa was on the cover, and the lead article was entitled &quot;Teresa of Calcutta: Little Woman with a Big Heart.&quot; The readers of this magazine were made to think that Mother Teresa was a genuine New Testament Christian and that she did great work for God through her Sisters of Charities mission. The September 1990, issue of New Covenant, a Catholic charismatic magazine, featured Dobson and a very positive report on Focus on the Family. Dobson's photo appeared the cover. Dobson accepted an honorary doctorate from the Roman Catholic Franciscan University of Steubenville, Ohio [The Fundamentalist Journal, November-December 1991; Evangelical Catholics, p. 200] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In the late 1980s Dobson helped form the Religious Alliance Against Pornography which included Roman Catholic priests and bishops. The 1986 meeting was held in St. Patrick's Cathedral. Dobson praised the unity which was present at that meeting and stated that &quot;there has been great camaraderie among the top leaders of virtually all religious groups&quot; in the U.S. (Focus on the Family, January 1987). Of this alliance Jerry Kirk said, &quot;Never before have we seen Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Greek Orthodox and (Mormon) leaders come together in such agreement and cooperation on an issue.&quot; Also represented at the meeting were the National Association of Evangelical, the National Council of Churches, the Southern Baptist Convention, and Charismatics. A Catholic archbishop called the alliance &quot;an ecumenical miracle.&quot; [Fundamental Baptist Information Service, Aug. 22, 1998] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=dolan&gt;&lt;/A&gt;John T. (Terry) Dolan&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1982). Former member of the advisory board of CAUSA USA, whose president is Bo Hi Pak, top aide of Sun Myung Moon. Terry Dolan, &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#weyrich&quot;&gt;Paul Weyrich&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: purple&quot;&gt;, &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#viguerie&quot;&gt;Richard Viguerie&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;and&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#phillips&quot;&gt;Howard Phillips&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: purple&quot;&gt; &lt;/SPAN&gt;were the main architects and commanding generals of the New Right. Dolan, Weyrich and Viguerie are Catholic; Phillips is a Jewish convert to Christianity. Dolan, co-founder and national chairman of the 300,000-member National Conservative Political Action Committee (NCPAC), organized the Conservative Alliance (CALL) which had professional ties with and received major funding through groups affiliated with Rev. Sun Myung Moon, who also contributed $775,000 in 1984 to NCPAC. Dolan stated that the secret of fundraising is to try to &quot;make them angry and stir up hostilities. The shriller you are, the easier it is to raise funds. That's the nature of the beast.&quot; Homosexual, died of AIDS, 12-30-86, age 36. [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/ucm.txt&quot;&gt;IRC: Unification Church&lt;/A&gt;; Diamond 56, 58; Young 59, 88; Bellant (ON) 45] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=dula&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Arthur M. Dula &lt;/B&gt;- CNP Board of Governors (1982). Chairman of the Science and Technology Section of the American Bar Association and Chairman of the CNP Science, Technology and Space Committee. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=dupont&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Pierre du Pont - &lt;/B&gt;CNP Membership Directory (1988, 1996, 1998, 1999). Candidate for President, 1988; former Delaware governor, 1977-85; former member U.S. House of Representatives, 1971-77; former member, Delaware State House of Representatives, 1969-70; former chairman, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/Hudson.html&quot;&gt;Hudson Institute&lt;/A&gt;, founder and chairman, GOPAC. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=drexel&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Ann Drexel&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1996). &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=east&gt;&lt;/A&gt;John East&lt;/B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt; - &lt;/SPAN&gt;CNP Board of Governors (1982). United States Senator (R-NC) - chairman of the Subcommittee on Separations of Power, Senate Judiciary Committee, a leading advocate of &quot;Judiciary reform&quot;, and an &quot;endorser&quot; of the Washington Times. [Miller 5] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=ellis&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Thomas F. Ellis&lt;/B&gt; - CNP President (1982-83); CNP Executive Committee (1984-85; 1988). Succeeded Tim LaHaye in 1982 as president of the CNP. Ellis is a top political operative of 33º Mason &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database1.html#helms&quot;&gt;Jesse Helm&lt;/A&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#helms&quot;&gt;s&lt;/A&gt; and former director of one of the groups which supports the Helms network -- the Pioneer Fund, a foundation which finances efforts to prove that African-Americans are genetically inferior to whites. Recipients of Pioneer grants have included William Shockley, Arthur Jensen and Roger Pearson, who has written that &quot;inferior races&quot; should be &quot;exterminated.&quot; All three and others were funded during Ellis' directorship on the Pioneer board. Yet Ellis served on the CNP's thirteen-member executive committee with Holly Coors, Paul Weyrich, and Heritage Foundation president, Edwin Feulner until June 1989. Oliver North and Reed Larson recently joined the executive committee. [Bellant (CC) 37-38] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The National Congressional Club is Jesse Helms' PAC based in Raleigh and directed by Helms' senior advisor, attorney Tom Ellis. The Congressional Club began after the 1972 Senate campaign, when Ellis retained &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#viguerie&quot;&gt;Richard Viguerie&lt;/A&gt; to help pay off the Helms campaign debt. Ellis and Viguerie built the Congressional Club mailing list to more than 300,000 regular contributors -- a constituency for Helms and a major financial resource within the conservative movement...Helms has used his political organization to build connections with New Right and conservative political activists. Besides Viguerie, Phillips, and Dolan connections, Helms is actively represented in Weyrich's coordinating groups. [Saloma 90-92] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=epperson&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Stuart Epperson&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1996). Co-founder with &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#atsinger&quot;&gt;Ed Atsinger&lt;/A&gt; and Chairman of the board, Salem Communications Corporation; 1984 and 1986 Republican nominee, fifth Congressional district, North Carolina; member, board of directors, executive committee, National Religious Broadcasters Association. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=falwell&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Dr. Jerry Falwell&lt;/B&gt;- CNP Board of Governors (1982). President of the Moral Majority, Pastor of Thomas Road Baptist Church of Lynchburg, VA, president of the &quot;Old Time Gospel Hour&quot;, Chancellor of Liberty Baptist College, and a prominent endorser of the Unification Church run Washington Times. [Miller 5] Member of &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/rrt.txt&quot;&gt;Religious Roundtable Council of 56&lt;/A&gt;. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&quot;The GOP's Own Asian Connection: Rev. Moon&quot; by Robert Parry -- along with assorted political details, includes a shocking allegation that a Moon organization &quot;funneled $3.5 million to [Jerry Falwell's then-desperate] Liberty University through a clandestine channel&quot;--apparently the Women's Federation for World Peace. [Apologia Report, Vol. 2: No. 39, 11/24/97] In 1981 Sun Myung Moon was investigated by the U.S. government investigation and stood trial for criminal tax evasion, after which he served a short prison term. Jerry Falwell and other religious leaders presented &quot;amicus curiae&quot; (friends of the court) briefs on behalf of Moon. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Promise Keepers national spokesman Mark DeMoss is chief of staff to Jerry Falwell. DeMoss was the administrator of the self-proclaimed &quot;Christian Embassy&quot; in Jerusalem. The embassy serves as a bridge between End Times Christians, lunatic freemasons, and right-wing Israeli Zionists. This is a pivotal component of the Temple Mount initiative to foment a religious war over the holy sites in Jerusalem, to &quot;fulfill Scripture.&quot; This covert network is engaged in the most dangerous terrorist provocation, which may yet bring on End Times unless it is handcuffed. At Fort Bliss, Texas, DeMoss's Promise Keepers were engaged to train the nation's highest-ranking non-commissioned officers. Earlier this year, the United States Army Sergeants Major Academy advertised &quot;training with 'Promise Keepers' &quot; as a &quot;spiritual fitness program,&quot; on the Army unit's official Internet web site. [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.larouchepub.com/ahc.html&quot;&gt;British Subversion of America: Militias and Pentecostalism&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=farah&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Joseph F. Farah &lt;/B&gt;- CNP Membership Directory (1996, 1998, 1999). Author, veteran newsman, and media consultant; owner, Farah &amp; Associates, an editorial consulting company, clients have included Rush Limbaugh, the &lt;I&gt;Herald Tribune&lt;/I&gt;, Jacobs Engineering, Inc., New World Entertainment, the Institute for Contemporary Studies, and NBC; co-author, &lt;I&gt;This Land Is Our Land&lt;/I&gt;, with U.S. Representative Richard Pombo (R-CA); former editor, &lt;I&gt;Sacramento Union&lt;/I&gt;, then the oldest daily newspaper in the West; founder and editor, &lt;I&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.worldnetdaily.com/index.htm&quot;&gt;WorldNetDaily&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/I&gt;, a full-service Internet newspaper, &lt;I&gt;Dispatches&lt;/I&gt;, a bi-weekly national investigative newsletter, and &lt;I&gt;Inside California&lt;/I&gt;, a monthly publication covering state politics. Farah is Executive director, Western Journalism Center, a non-profit, tax-exempt foundation promoting journalism education and investigative reporting which is heavily funded by Richard Scaife, heir of the Mellon fortune, who funds both conservative and liberal organizations. [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.consortiumnews.com/archive/clinton5.html&quot;&gt;The Consortium&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=farris&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Michael P. Farris&lt;FONT size=3&gt; - &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;CNP Membership Directory (1996, 1998, 1999). President and Founder, Home School Legal Defense Association; attorney, specializing in constitutional law; former Republican candidate for lieutenant governor of Virginia, 1993; won contested nomination in convention; delegate to Virginia and National Republican Conventions; appointed to National Republican Education Task Force; appointed to Republican governor George Mien's Blue Ribbon Strike Force; Chairman, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/CSW.html&quot;&gt;Christian Solidarity International&lt;/A&gt; (CSI) in USA; international vice president, CSI, an interdenominational Swiss-based human rights organization specializing in religious freedom; former general counsel, Concerned Women for America; author, &lt;I&gt;Where Do I Draw the Line&lt;/I&gt;, &lt;I&gt;Constitutional Law for Christian Students&lt;/I&gt;, &lt;I&gt;Home Schooling and the Law&lt;/I&gt;, &lt;I&gt;The Homeschooling Father&lt;/I&gt;. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=feulner&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Dr. Edwin J. Feulner, Jr&lt;/B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt; &lt;/SPAN&gt;- CNP Board of Governors (1982, 1996); CNP Executive Committee (1988, 1994). President of &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/heritage.html&quot;&gt;The Heritage Foundation&lt;/A&gt;. [Miller 5] Feulner was recruited in 1977 by Richard Scaife, heir of the Mellon fortune, to become Heritage president, a position he holds today. In 1975, Feulner was introduced to KCIA station chief Kim Yung Hwan by Neil Salonen and Dan Feffernan of the Freedom Leadership foundation.' Salonen was head of Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church in the United States. The Freedom Leadership Foundation (FLF), a political arm of Moon's Unification network was linked to the World Anti-Communist League (WACL). The FLF was described as 'an organization to be used to achieve KCIA objectives,' by the Congressional report, which was based on a KCIA document that discussed FLF.&quot; &lt;FONT size=3&gt;(8)&lt;/FONT&gt; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In the early 1980s, the KCIA began making donations to Heritage Foundation. In turn, Heritage established an &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.asianstudies.org/index.htm&quot;&gt;Asian Studies Center&lt;/A&gt; which The Nation magazine of 1/23/89 states &quot;has quartered apologists for [So. Korean Prime Minister] Chun's regime.&quot; The Wall Street Journal of August 1995 does not mention Sun Myung Moon, but references the Korea Foundation, one of Heritage's largest donors and an affiliate of the South Korean government. The WSJ article states that Heritage Foundation promotes and actually writes pro-Korean legislation. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The Heritage offices in Washington, D.C. have housed and employed a number of Unification Church operatives such as Director of Administration [1980] Michael Warder, who was a key leader of Moon's Unification network in the United States.&quot;Christian Voice is one Moon-connected group that has operated out of the Heritage building. A 'former' Moon operative, Gary Jarmin, attacked critics of Moon and gave an interview to a Moon-controlled newspaper after he joined the Christian Voice (CV) staff. CV's chair, Robert Grant, has been a leader of Moon's Unification network front groups such as the American Freedom Coalition, which fundraised for Oliver North.&quot; &lt;FONT size=3&gt;(11)&lt;/FONT&gt; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=fiore&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Father Charles Fiore&lt;/B&gt;- CNP Board of Governors (1982). Member of the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/rrt.txt&quot;&gt;Council of 56 of the Religious Roundtable&lt;/A&gt;, President of Information for the Dominican Educational Association (I.D.E.A.) of Madison, Wisconsin, and a member of the Board of Advisors of Catholics United for Life (CUL). [Miller 5] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=friess&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Foster Friess&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Executive Committee (1994); Board of Governors (1996). Founder and chairman, Friess Associates, Inc.; member, 1986 National Finance Committee, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#dupont&quot;&gt;Pete du Pont&lt;/A&gt; for President, and the National Republican Senatorial Committee; founder, the Life Enrichment Foundation; member, Advisory Council, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences of Stockholm. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.templeton.org/thelist.asp#trustees&quot;&gt;John Templeton Foundation Board of Advisors&lt;/A&gt;: &quot;Founder of firm that manages approximately $7 billion in equities including the Brandywine mutual funds. A graduate of the University of Wisconsin in 1958, Foster is &lt;B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: purple&quot;&gt;past president of the Council for National Policy&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/B&gt; which networks leaders in the U.S. committed to a strong national defense, traditional values, and the free enterprise system. He also founded the Life Enrichment Foundation whose giving is focused on replicating proven, &lt;B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: purple&quot;&gt;faith-based&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: purple&quot;&gt;, inner-city entrepreneurial ministries&lt;/SPAN&gt;.&quot; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;On the Mother Jones List of Top 400 Political Donors, Foster Friess ranked #14 in 1997: &quot;Republican Foster Friess' Delaware investment fund is so successful that even the state Democratic Party chairman -- himself an investment banker -- belongs. But Friess breathes more than business. 'The most important thing in his life is his belief in Christ as his savior,' says friend Art Brosius, who met Friess at Bible study. And faith influences his politics. He's vice president of the Council for National Policy, the secretive group headed by former Attorney General Edwin Meese that includes Oliver North and Pat Robertson and influenced the fundamentalist planks in the GOP's 1996 platform. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&quot;Friess helped raise more than $1 million for unknown politico Raymond Clatworthy's failed 1996 bid to unseat Sen. Joe Biden (D-Del.), persuading investment bankers nationwide to contribute $1,000 each. His $260,000 in donations to the National Republican Senatorial Committee, headed by Sen. Al D'Amato (R-N.Y.), drew criticism because they began pouring in days after D'Amato resurrected a bill that will save the mutual fund industry billions by lifting state regulations. Friess shrugs it off: 'I have never talked to anyone about the bill.'&quot; [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.motherjones.com/coinop_congress/97mojo_400/profile14.html&quot;&gt;Mother Jones Top 400 List&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=garvey&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Willard Garvey &lt;/B&gt;- CNP Directory (1984-85; 1988; 1996, 1998, 1999). Founder, &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.brightspot.org/intro.html&quot;&gt;The Center for the Improvement of Human Functioning International, Inc&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt; and, in 1983, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/cnp.html#ncp&quot;&gt;The National Center for Privatization&lt;/A&gt;. [Willard Garvey is also a contributor to the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.wichitawellness.org/support.html&quot;&gt;Center for Health &amp; Wellness&lt;/A&gt; of Wichita, Kansas, a New Age center displaying a pentagram in its logo. Among many foundations, businesses and banks, other donors to this New Age outfit are Via Christi, The Adorers of the Blood of Christ, and Society of the Precious Blood.] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The National Center for Privatization was founded by Willard Garvey and other Wichita, Kansas businessmen. Its 1986, its Board of Directors included Willard Garvey and &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/belmont.html#love&quot;&gt;Robert D. Love&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;, a founding member of National Council of &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/jbs-cnp.html&quot;&gt;The John Birch Society&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt; who, according to a JBS publication cited by by &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/belmont.html&quot;&gt;The Belmont Brotherhood&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt; was &quot;a Thirty-second Degree KCCH Mason, a member of the Median Shrine.&quot; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In 1984, Garvey wrote a &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/cnp.html#letter&quot;&gt;letter to President Reagan&lt;/A&gt; which disclosed that the objective of the National Center for Privatization was to work toward the end that non-profit organizations and the private sector might render obsolete the cumbersome machinery of representative government. &quot;Now why not adopt the all positive system -- privatization? Hold a White House conference on Privatization and appoint a Presidential Task Force on privatization...Privatization is now &quot;an idea whose time has come&quot; The knowledge, communication, and computer industry can make political representatives obsolete!&quot; [4/6/84] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The letter was published in a media promotion for the International Conference On Family Choice/Educational Vouchers sponsored by the NCP that was scheduled for September 30- Oct. 2, 1985 in Wichita.&amp;nbsp; Speakers for this conference on &quot;Privatizing Education&quot; were CNP members James Dobson, Tim LaHaye and Phyllis Schlafly, and also free market economist, Milton Friedman and Secretary of Education, William Bennett. The NCP brochure promoted the conference as being &quot;Where the Future Begins.&quot; The late &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#grace&quot;&gt;J. Peter Grace&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;, CFR member and President of the American Chapter of the Board of Founders of the Knights of Malta, served as a National Advisory Committee Member for this international conference. [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/cnp.html&quot;&gt;The Council for National Policy&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=gemma&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Peter B. Gemma &lt;/B&gt;- CNP Board of Governors (1982). Member of the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/rrt.txt&quot;&gt;Council of 56 of the Religious Roundtable&lt;/A&gt;. [Miller 5] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=gilder&gt;&lt;/A&gt;George F. Gilder&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1982). Program Director, Rockefeller-funded Manhattan Institute; Contributing Editor National Review, American Spectator. &quot;Favorite&quot; of David Stockman, a member of the Editorial Board of Policy Review - an organ of the Heritage Foundation, former editor of Advance - a Rockefeller vehicle for far-left &quot;Republicanism&quot; at Harvard, close friend of David Rockefeller, and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations (&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: red&quot;&gt;CFR&lt;/SPAN&gt;), since 1964. [Miller 5] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=gish&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Dr. Duane Gish&lt;/B&gt;- CNP Board of Governors (1982). Member of the Board of Directors of the Creation Research Society. [Miller 5] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=godwin&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Ronald P. Godwin - &lt;/B&gt;CNP Membership Roster (1984-85; 1988; 1996; 1999). &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In 1976, Weyrich, Viguerie and Howard Phillips attempted a takeover of the American Independent Party and, in the wake of failure, turned to Jerry Falwell to form the Moral Majority. When Rev. Moon was indicted in 1981 for fraud and criminal tax evasion, Falwell unexpectedly joined with other religious leaders to present an amicus curiae, (friend of the court) brief on behalf of the Reverend Moon. A 1987 Seattle Times article explained &quot;How Rev. Moon Got Ensconced with the New Right&quot; via Paul Weyrich's network: &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&quot;Ron Godwin, an influential former vice president of Falwell's Moral Majority, is one of several who experienced a conversion. In 1984 Godwin attacked another fundamentalist leader for taking Moonie money. 'It strikes me as peculiar,' observed Godwin, himself an evangelical Christian, 'that (he) should accept financial support from a church whose founder believes he's divine . . . It's a little like the Jewish National Fund accepting money from (PLO leader Yasir) Arafat.' &quot;Eighteen months later, Godwin joined the Moonie - owned Washington Times as a senior vice president, where he also serves as emissary to conservative Christian leaders.&quot; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=gottlieb&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Alan Gottlieb - &lt;/B&gt;CNP Membership Directory (1984-85; 1988, 1996, 1999).Chairman,&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ccrkba.org/index.htm&quot;&gt;Citizens Committee for the Right to Keep and Bear Arms&lt;/A&gt;; Founder and trustee, Second Amendment Foundation; Pres., Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise; Board member of the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#grant&quot;&gt;American Freedom Coalition&lt;/A&gt; of Washington, a front for the Unification Church. Gottlieb is the author of &lt;I&gt;The Gun Grabbers&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;The Rights of Gun Owners Political Action Manua&lt;/I&gt;l. Convicted of a felony in 1984 when Gottlieb pleaded guilty to underpaying income tax returns by $17,000 and served ten months in Federal prison. Director, American Conservative Union. President and founder of the Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise, which in 1988 launched the Wise Use Movement, today the most powerful anti-environmental force in the country. Chairman of the Board of the Talk America Radio Network; Owner of Merril Mail Marketing, Inc., a mail fund-raising corporation. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In &lt;I&gt;Trashing the Economy&lt;/I&gt; (1993) book he and co-author, CDFE Vice President Ron Arnold write: &quot;The message of the direct mail letter must appeal to three base emotions; Fear, Hate and Revenge...&quot;[The] fund raising mailer must present you with a crisis -- a problem won't do...That crisis must frighten you...If you are not frightened, you won't send money...&quot;Then the direct mail letter must present you with a bogeyman against whom to focus your anger... &quot;Once you've been frightened and made to hate the bogeyman, the successful direct mail appeal must offer you a way to get revenge against the bogeyman -- the payoff for your contribution. The more soul-satisfying the revenge, the better the letter pulls. &quot;All this must be dressed up in an appeal that appears to have a high moral tone, but which--without you realizing it--works on your lower emotions.&quot; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In February 1983, Gottlieb got an all expense paid trip to Jamaica to attend a conference put on by CAUSA. CAUSA is Spanish for &quot;cause&quot;, but it stands for the Confederation of Associations for the Unification of the Societies of the Americas. Founded in Mexico City by Col. Bo Hi Pak (Rev. Sun Myong Moon's chief lieutenant) and Kim Sang In, the former Korean Central Intelligence Agency station chief in Mexico City, CAUSA was the Rev. Moon's multinational anti-communist and political organization. CAUSA served as the vehicle for Rev. Moon's funding of the New Right, as well as for supporting the Reagan administration's military build-up and its cause celebre, the Nicaraguan contras. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Gregory McDonald, who was Executive Director of the Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise and Executive Director of the Second Amendment Foundation,...[i]n a lengthy telephone interview with Eastsideweek, McDonald said, &quot;Bo Hi Pak was in our office several times. ...in '83.&quot; McDonald says that Pak was in the Liberty Park office &quot;at least four times, that I can remember. I was introduced to him, briefly, once, just as I was walking down the hall,&quot; McDonald recalls, &quot;But they would go into Alan's office and the door would be closed. He'd come in a limo and have with him, oh, three or four Korean people and they'd go into Alan's office.&quot; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Most people know of Rev. Moon as the leader of the Unification Church, a religion that accords him divine status, holds mass weddings, and has a reputation for being a mind-control cult, but he is much more than that. The entire story on the Moon organization is yet to be written, but suffice it to say that rather than a being just the spiritual head of a religion who has been frequently quoted as wanting to establish a theocratic empire that would control the world, Rev. Moon is the quasi-chief of state of a multi-national organization that has all the characteristics of a nation except territorial sovereignty.[&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nwcitizen.com/publicgood/reports/merchant.htm&quot;&gt;Merchant of Fear&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Gottlieb's first known direct connection to Rev. Moon is his service for two years as a board member of the American Freedom Coalition of Washington, which rented office space from him at Liberty Park. The AFC is unquestionably a Moon holding and has a branch in each state. Gottlieb argued that the branches are independent and therefore not Moon connected, but Ron Arnold in a separate interview said that even the articles of incorporation for the state branches are dictated by AFC national headquarters. An AFC document copyrighted 1987 says under the heading &quot;State and Local Committees -- Each state will form a similar [to the national] Policy Board representative of its key leaders and activists.&quot; The national board of directors had as its president, Dr. Robert G. Grant, who had visited Liberty Park to discuss the national coalition with Gottlieb and Arnold. See &quot;Merchant of Fear&quot; in Appendix IX. Arnold also served as President of the Washington AFC board of directors in 1989, 1990 and 1991. He also joined CAUSA Northwest's Speakers bureau. CAUSA USA is a major Moon anti-communist group. [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nwcitizen.com/publicgood/reports/wuinps/append8.htm&quot;&gt;Merchant of Fear: Appendix VIII&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=gowdey&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Robbie Gowdey&lt;/B&gt;- CNP Board of Governors (1982). Director, HERE'S LIFE, WORLD of the Campus Crusade for Christ. [Miller 5; SEE: &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#nbhunt&quot;&gt;Nelson Bunker Hunt&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=grace&gt;&lt;/A&gt;J. Peter Grace&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Membership Directory (1984-85; 1988). Bachelor of Arts Yale University (1936), started in 1936 as Assistant Secretary at W. R. Grace, in 1945 became President and CEO, Newcomen Society, &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: red&quot;&gt;CFR&lt;/SPAN&gt;, &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: #ff0080&quot;&gt;Knights of Malta&lt;/SPAN&gt;: American Chapter of the Board of Founders, Knights of Malta President, 114 Avenue of the Americas [Who's Who in America (1976-77, 1992-93)] Grace was involved in &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.crossfields.com/~watcher/nwonazi.html&quot;&gt;Project Paperclip&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt; -- a post World War II CIA arrangement to remove classified information from dossiers so that former SS members and 900+ Nazi scientists could emigrate to the U. S. Hundreds of war criminals would find employment within government agencies and companies such as W.R. Grace chemical company whose president was J. Peter Grace. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;When it was at its height in drug experiments, operation MK-ULTRA was formed. This was the brainchild of Richard Helms who later came to be a CIA director. It was designed to defeat the &quot;enemy&quot; in its brain- washing techniques. MK-ULTRA had another arm involved in Chemical and Biological Warfare (CBW) known as MK-DELTA. The &quot;doctors&quot; who participated in these experiments used some of the same techniques as the Nazi &quot;doctors&quot;. Those doctors who were not indicted in the Nuremberg trials were imported from Germany under the program called &quot;Operation Paperclip.&quot; The Nazi doctors were a valuable source of information to the CIA since many of the U.S. techniques mimicked what had already been done by the Nazis. [Winds, &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.thewinds.org/arc_features/government/cia6-97.html&quot;&gt;CIA: Bastion of Integrity&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;From 1982-95, J. Peter Grace (CFR) was Chairman of the Advisory Committee of &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.americares.org/whois.htm&quot;&gt;AmeriCares&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;, which included William E. Simon (CFR), Treasury Secretary under Richard Nixon. The Honorary Chair of AmeriCares is Zbigniew Brzezinski (BB/CFR/TC); Ambassador-At-Large is Barbara Bush and the Advisory Committee includes: Prescott S. Bush, Jr. [brother to former Pres. George Bush (CFR)], 33º Mason Gen. Colin L. Powell (ret.) (CFR) and Sol M. Linowitz (CFR/TC), chairman of Xerox Corp and officer of the World Future Society. Sol Linowitz was also a representative to the Organization of American States and co-founder in 1964 with David Rockefeller (CFR) of the International Executive Services Corp, an international business development organization for which Linowitz and Rockefeller received the Medal of Freedom Award in 1998. [&lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/jbs-cnp.html&quot;&gt;John Birch Society&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=graham&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Lt. General Daniel O. Graham&lt;/B&gt; - CNP Board of Governors (1982). Thirty-year military career in Germany, Korea and Vietnam; received Distinguished Service Medal, Distinguished Intelligence Medal, Legion of Merit. Later served as Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, then as Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Upon retiring, he became military advisor to President Reagan and Founder and Director of High Frontier...and said, by many, to be the &quot;inspiration&quot; behind Reagan's latest &quot;Defense Strategy&quot;, former director of the Defense Intelligence Agency and another &quot;endorser&quot; of the Unification Church run Washington Times. [Miller 5] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Graham was also a member of the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/wacl.txt&quot;&gt;World Anti- Communist League&lt;/A&gt; and a member of the board of directors of CAUSA USA, political arm of the Rev. Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church. [Anderson 126] Co-chaired with John Singlaub the American Security Council's Coalition for Peace Through Strength (CPTS). In 1988, as vice chair of U.S. Council for World Freedom, U.S. branch of WACL which he co-founded with John Singlaub, Graham was one of an eight-man delegation that met with President Ronald Reagan in an effort to block the Geneva accords calling for withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. In 1995, Distinguished Public Service Medal by NASA. [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.cfsa-bmd.org/undefend.txt&quot;&gt;Citizens for a Strong America&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;He is also a member of the American Freedom Coalition, a conservative grassroots lobby linked to the Unification Church.(25) Graham was vice chairman of the U.S. Council for World Freedom, and has been heavily involved with the Unification Church's political arm, CAUSA, USA.(25) Initial funding for the AFC came from the Unification Church of Rev. Sun Myung Moon and the Christian Voice and leadership positions in the AFC are filled by members of the Unification Church and Christian Voice.&lt;FONT size=3&gt;(7,48).&lt;/FONT&gt; [&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/rrt.txt&quot;&gt;Interhemispheric Resource Center: Religious Roundtable&lt;/A&gt;] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Senior Advisor to Daniel Graham's High Frontier is&amp;nbsp;&lt;B&gt;Gene Vosseler&lt;/B&gt;, Chairman of Citizens for a Strong America. Previously a Lutheran and Unitarian minister, Vosseler was ordained as a minister of the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.cut.org/church/elders.html&quot;&gt;Church Universal and Triumphant&lt;/A&gt; in 1985 where he serves on the Church board and as chairman of theology. A 1987 Summit University Forum hosted a number of of well-known experts on varying topics related to SDI, including CNP Board member Gen. Daniel O. Graham. The 1987 Annual Doctors for Disaster Preparadness (DDP) and American Civil Defense Association (TACDA) Seminar co-sponsored by High Frontier featured as speakers Daniel O. Graham, director of High Frontier, and H-bomb architect &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#teller&quot;&gt;Dr. Edward Teller&lt;/A&gt;. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;A name=grant&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Robert Grant - &lt;/B&gt;CNP Directory (1984-85; 1988; 1994, 1998, 1999). Founder/Chairman of the Board, Christian Voice, which operates out of the &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/heritage.html&quot;&gt;Heritage Foundation&lt;/A&gt;; Chairman of American Freedom Coalition. Both organizations are fronts for the Unification Church of Sun Myung Moon. Grant is also a graduate of Fuller Theological Seminary. Member of &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pir.org/gw/rrt.txt&quot;&gt;Religious Roundtable Council of 56&lt;/A&gt;. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&quot;Christian Voice pioneered the use of 'moral report cards' to rate Congressional and presidential candidates on issues from abortion to sanctions against Rhodesia. The organization was started in California in 1976 under the name Citizens United. In August 1978, the gropu changed its name to American Christians United and in October 1978 to Christian Voice, Inc. The original Christian Voice directorate consisted of Rev. Robert Grant, a graduate of Rev. Steuart McBirnie's California Institute of Theology, &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database1.html#jarmin&quot;&gt;Gary Jarmin&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;, a long time right-wing lobbyist and former disciple of Rev. Sun Myung Moon, and Colonel Donor (Colonel is his first name, not a military title)...In 1988, an investigative news feature on CBS' 'West 57th&quot; documented McBirnie's history of fraudulent financial dealings and featured elderly followers whom he has allegedly swindled by refusing to pay thousands of dollars of loans. &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&quot;In 1987, leaders of the Christian Right formed the American Freedom Coalition (AFC)...Robert Grant [was] an AFC founder and president of Christian Voice. With initial funding from the Unification Church, the AFC signified a merger between about 30 Christian Voice field organizers and the state representatives of Moon's American Constitution Committee. At the August 1987 kick-off rally for the American Freedom Coalition in Washington, D.C., Moon's top aide Bo Hi Pak praised the 'marriage' between Christian Voice and the American Constitution Committee and said it 'shows what a great sense of humor God has.' &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&quot;As with other Moonie-influenced New Right projects, the AFC was organized in such a way as to obscure Moonie domination. The original officers included Christian Voice President, Robert Grant, black civil rights leader Ralph Abernathy, Richard Viguerie, and Richard Ichord (D-MO) and Bob Wilson (R-CA). After their poor results in the 1986 Congressional elections, Christian Voice leaders, Robert Grant and &lt;SPAN style=&quot;COLOR: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database1.html#jarmin&quot;&gt;Gary Jarmin&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt; had concluded that Christians alone could not steer the country rightward. To be politically effective, they argued, Christians would have to be 'unequally yoked' with non-believers and even enemies of Christianity... &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&quot;In May 1988, Grant was invited as the keynote speaker for the annual conference of the&amp;nbsp;Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ABN), which included many of the same anti-Semitic East European emigre groups recruited by (CNP member) &lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html#balsiger&quot;&gt;David Balsiger&lt;/A&gt;'s RAMBO Coalition . With headquarters in Munich and chapters throughout Europe and the United States, the ABN is nostalgic for the days when the Nazis occupied Eastern Europe. Scott Anderson and John Lee Anderson, authors of &lt;I&gt;Inside the League,&lt;/I&gt; describe the ABN as: 'the largest and most important umbrella for Nazi collaborators in the world...A prime criterion for membership appears to be fealty to the cause of National Socialism; ABN officers constitute a virtual &lt;I&gt;Who's Who &lt;/I&gt;of those responsible for the massacre of millions of civilians in the bloodiest war in history.' &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Grant's public association with Nazi sympathizers drew no storm of criticism from fellow evangelicals.&quot; [Diamond 62, 78-9] &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Christian Voice, which claims to be the nation's largest conservative Christian lobby, secretly joined forces with the Unification Church [in August 1987], according to documents obtained by the Philadelphia Inquirer. Together they mobilized grassroots conservative activists nationwide, hoping either to move the Republican Party rightward or build a new hard-right U.S. political party. Behind this large, well-heeled alliance, called the American Freedom Coalition, is conservative strategist and fund-raising genius Richard Viguerie, rescued from the brink of bankruptcy in October by Bo Hi Pak, a former Korean military-intelligence officer and Moon's top U.S. operative. Rev. Robert Grant, chairman of the coalition, initially denied, then confirmed links between his traditional Christians and the Moonies. A main source of the Moon money involved &quot;hundreds of millions, Moon said in 1984&quot; seems to be Japan. A national bar association panel there reported in July that a church - organized high-pressure sales scheme had bilked Japanese consumers out of at least $165 million since 1980, terming that sum only the &quot;tip of the iceberg.'' [Seattle Times, Dec. 31, 1987] &amp;nbsp; &lt;BR&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; align=center&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database1.html&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=3&gt;H - M&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT size=3&gt; ~~ &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=3&gt;N - Z&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; align=center&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/cnpdbase.html&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=3&gt;Database Index&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; align=center&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/cnp.html&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=3&gt;The Council for National Policy&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; align=center&gt;&lt;A style=&quot;COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; text-underline: single&quot; href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database2.html#bibliography&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=3&gt;Bibliography&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; align=center&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://watch.pair.com/database.html&quot; target=_blank&gt;http://watch.pair.com/database.html&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
	    </content>
	    	</entry>
    	<entry>
	    <title>피터 와그너와 세계 교회 패권</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://blog.daum.net/alphacourse/11297384"/>
		<id>tag:blog.daum.net,2009:alphacourse.11297384</id>
	    <author>
		    <name>푸르름</name>
	    </author>
	    <updated>2009-11-01T17:46:37Z</updated>
	    <published>2009-11-01T17:46:37Z</published>
	    <content type="html">
	    	&lt;CENTER&gt;&lt;FONT size=+2&gt;C. PETER WAGNER AND THE GLOBAL THIRST FOR POWER!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
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&lt;TD width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;Editor's Note 10.24.2001 - &amp;nbsp;This article was written some weeks ago and we recently stopped by C.Peter Wagner's website and found a new java format. What was most interesting is that it does not offer a cross but three pentagrams. &lt;IMG border=0 align=bottom src=&quot;http://www.cephas-library.com/apostles/harvest_ministries_wagner_top_left_na.jpg&quot; width=46 height=27 NATURALSIZEFLAG=&quot;3&quot;&gt; on one of their navigation bars.&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;The connections from one organisation to another, one movement to another, which is forming the Union of All in this end time One World is very complex. it is difficult in a more compact magazine to line these connections up properly. Should the reader want deeper and fuller documentation on any matter, please write for it with a donation for costs only. There is so much documentation here, please be specific.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;Let us then put down a simple Outline here:&lt;BR&gt;National Apostolic-Prophetic 21st Century Church Conference. In Australia, February 1-12 2000. Dr. C. Peter Wagner leads.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Australian Christian Churches - new Force amalgamated in Australia.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The Heart of= Australia. Pentecostal groups join forces. February, 2000. Dr. C. Peter Wagner and Bill Hybetis initiate.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Hearts on Fire Catholic= Conference -July 14-17, 1999. Bill Hybells is mentioned a number of= times enthusiastically.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Fuller Theological Seminary and The US Center for World Missions. Connections with Ralph Winter and Jay Gary UN and NWO facilitator).&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;UNITED NATIONS Thrust for Unity and Conformity.&lt;BR&gt;US Center for World Missions and the&lt;BR&gt;UN &quot;Creen Politics Agenda.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The main points on this astonishing merger of many organisations here and in the USA would take a book! Startlingly there is far more behind= scenes than one could possibly imagine. One co-worker in America has attempted to get down as much as she can to alert Christians to the activities of Fuller Theolosical Seminary which has spawned the US CENTER= FOR WORLD MISSIONS. The name she uses is Net. These are a few of her comments when we received a file of info. late last year:&lt;BR&gt;~..1 wanted to briefly express my concerns - at the time I thought I was the only one who had seen the whole picture [Extreme persecution= threatens] force me to send you this in its current form.... It is big enough to get me I severely persecuted! For your information, Neff&lt;BR&gt;What we have in a nut-shell is that the ACC union here (Australia) of the Pentecostal Churches is a pad of the global movement to bring a gigantic One World Church together under the Luciferic New Age. Net told of her shock in visiting US Center for World Missions, she saw how huge this organisation is with millions of ties to churches, groups, denominations, missions, the UN groups and countless people involved! The funds available seem to be staggering. I will quote from her hastily prepared note which we received from her by air mail. She has sent us documentation at cost to herself, not just on Internet, so that we Australians can be alerted to the whole picture. You think this ACC merger is just small potatoes? You are wrong, it is part of massive thrust for global power.&lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;CENTER&gt;&lt;A name=anchor678&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;C. PETER WAGNER AND FULLER&lt;/FONT&gt;.&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;A missions strategist, a Fuller &quot;think tank&quot;= genius who has contrived methodologies and strategies for the reintroduction of fake gifts and mission to the churches. He co-authored MCS1 0 Signs and Wonders with John Wimber and took this course globally to every continent. He arid John were the implementers of the scm-called restoration of the missing holy spirit to the Churches. The Postdenominal Church Movement and AD2tJO {J United Prayer Tract Spiritual Warfare movement are spearheaded by C. Peter Wagner Involved with him in the work are several dozen church leaders including Francis Frangipane ( to-pastor with= Reuven Damn - working under direct authority of Latter Rain leader James Watt). Ed Silvoso, T. Haggard, Cindy Jacobs, James Morroco, John Dawson, Esther Linisky, Larry Stockstill, Larry Lea et al.&lt;BR&gt;FROM NEF: [USA]&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&quot;Dr Clas er - who defined she - technology of progression of integration theory.&quot;t&lt;BR&gt;Basically this was the methodology employed for ecumenism. It is still successfully being used to integrate their doctrines with people globally.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The four steps are:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;1. Communication (dialogue and consensus) getting people together so they can &quot;talk&quot; and find areas of agreement...&quot;consensus.&quot; The most successful strategy for implementing &quot;communication&quot; has been to hold ecumenical prayer meetings. This has been employed at the city level-regional level, national level, global level, and has been utilised in areas of interest (secretaries, etc.), and among people groups as well as... pastors prayer breakfasts, women's prayer organisations (Aglow), Businessmen (FOBMI), denominations, etc. Concerts of Prayer, and Mission America are currently being employed.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2. Fellowship - due to dialogue and consensus they now begin to like one another, have comaraderie.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;3. Co-operation - get together around a common goal or project - like March for Jesus, the Bill Graham Crusades, Spiritual Warfare conferences, General of Intercession, Post-denominational Church Seminars. At this level there are still denominational differences.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;4. The fourth and final step of integration is &quot;Association.&quot; This is creating a whole NEW ORGANISATIONAL IDENTITY. Inter-denominational groups were an example, people left their denominations and re-grouped into a new &quot;Form&quot;.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Promise Keepers appears to be a new Form (even though they adamantly deny this! their group structure promises to bind men together in groups that will find consensus and so on).&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;[Despatch adds here that Alpha does a similar thing cf. our 2 Alpha Booklets ~ The Alpha Course Friend or Foe&quot; &amp; &quot;Alpha &amp; Diapraxis&quot;].&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Antioch Networks and Cell Churches act in bring consensus as well. Where people get involved in all new organisational structures which become stronger to them than the denomination.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;
&lt;CENTER&gt;&lt;A name=anchor681&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;FULLER &quot;THINK TANKS&quot;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Those involved in the Fuller! US Center for World Missions global enterprises would shock and surprise the reader! Just a few are Richard Foster, Billy Graham was on the board of trustees, Bill Bright was there during the &quot;think tank&quot; years this was a conspiracy! And all these men work in conjunction with David (Paul) Yangi Cho, under the guidance of whom they have modelled their cell group church structure. This cell church structure (and software) includes an integration technology that ties it to Promise Keeper's database, Bethany World Prayer Center, Brigada, et,al. A global database that soon will include every man, woman and child on the earth; where they are, what they are doing, and what ETHNICITY they are! Ethnic cleansing could well be at the root of this monster, and could be a part of a highly kept secret doctrine to eradicate many of those they happily embrace at the moment.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Despatch comment:&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;This sounds extreme, but we are dealing with incredible forces and power grabs on the earth RIGHT NOW!&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Millions of Christian workers are being utilised to bring about their own destruction, all in the name of evangelising the world... How diabolical... Satanic! Not only does this movement rationalise their need for this information based on a purported need to find the hidden people groups and evangelise the world, but countless millions of Christians have been trained up in, and indoctrinated into their methods and mission. Cho has also been active for years, according to Al Dagar's &quot;celebration= 2000&quot; report on Jay Gary [ Despatch has a booklet on Jay Gary and associates] in the CATHOLIC CHURCH as well. It all comes together at the CHO level ( he founded the Church Growth International and is the pastor of what is purported to be the world's largest &quot;Christian&quot; church with over one million members!)&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;There is literally not one denominational church organisation today that is not at least partially involved in this movement. Many of whom, I am sure, are incredibly gullible and innocent in their participation. (As with all conspiracies the fewer who know the real agenda the better). However, the theology that these promote speaks for itself, and the dearth of true doctrine is the shame of all who join in this movement. They have been deceived into taking up banners, and taking to the streets in a bold display of &quot;power&quot; in Marches for Jesus, because they do not understand the Word of God. The plain fact is that Apostasy is prophesied, not end-time revival of masses. What a huge deception this all is. Our most recent dose of this movement is the &quot;mission America door-to-door data basing in the USA. These are NOT nice people,they are using the churches= to set up the numbering system of the ANTICHRIST,&quot;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;
&lt;CENTER&gt;&lt;A name=anchor684&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;THE US CENTER FOR WORLD MISSIONS AND THE UNITED NATIONS.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The US Center for World Missions now effectively oversees the outreach ministry of the entire global evangelical churches. Under the Lausanne banner, AD 2000 and Beyond Movement, GCOWE, project director was Jay Gary while at US Centre! After directing several notable projects there, Gary went on to found B.E.G.I.N. where he developed an AD 2000= campaign aligned with the UNITED NATIONS. The US Center (which has infiltrated C. Peter Wagner into our midst, with his amalgamation of the Pentecostal churches and groups here in Australia) is an umbrella organsation for nearly every major missions organisation in the world. This is a thinly disguised movement working with the UN agenda, to take dominion= over the whole world and implement a fake &quot;biblical theocrary&quot;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;This is a political movement of the most powerful order and must not be confused with anything remotely Christianity! It works by &quot;spiritually mapping&quot; every square inch of the globe in huge databases, they use a cell &quot;GRID&quot; to mark every pocket or person= or &quot;resistance&quot; to the move of the counterfeit &quot;holy spirit.&quot; Targeting every and each true believer who resists the takeover.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Dispatch Issues this warning:&lt;BR&gt;Do not reveal any personal, intimate data which can be used on files for churches. Do not fill in any Survey Sheets send out by united church organisations by mail. Churches are collecting (in some cases) personal data in cell groups and other areas. Some are compiling congregational profiles on computer disk. To be sent to World Missions groups or personnel? To end up on global databases?)&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Naivety and unwise &quot;trust is foolish. No one has any right to any of your personal information, that is between you and the Lord. (Source: DESPATCH MAGAZINE 12.1 March 2000 Australia - W.B.Howard)&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;
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&lt;TD width=&quot;32%&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.cephas-newsletter.net/index0-8.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Back to August Newsletter&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width=&quot;38%&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.cephas-newsletter.net/index0-10.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Back to October Newsletter&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
&lt;TD width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.cephas-library.com/apostles/index_apostles.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Back to Index Apostles&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.cephas-library.com/apostles/apostles_wagner_australia.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.cephas-library.com/apostles/apostles_wagner_australia.html&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
	    </content>
	    	</entry>
    	<entry>
	    <title>스티브  포스는 신사도 운동과 함께하는 사람</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://blog.daum.net/alphacourse/11297383"/>
		<id>tag:blog.daum.net,2009:alphacourse.11297383</id>
	    <author>
		    <name>푸르름</name>
	    </author>
	    <updated>2009-11-01T00:09:20Z</updated>
	    <published>2009-11-01T00:09:20Z</published>
	    <content type="html">
	    	&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.sidroth.org/john&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.sidroth.org/site/News2?abbr=tv_&amp;page=NewsArticle&amp;id=7173&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.sidroth.org/site/News2?abbr=tv_&amp;page=NewsArticle&amp;id=7929&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.sidroth.org/site/News2?abbr=tv_&amp;page=NewsArticle&amp;id=7961&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.sidroth.org/site/News2?abbr=tv_&amp;page=NewsArticle&amp;id=8629&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.sidroth.org/site/News2?abbr=tv_&amp;page=NewsArticle&amp;id=8685&quot;&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://www.mypropheticspace.com/images/Banners/sampleAd_Foss.jpg&quot; width=500 height=351&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;!-- End conference banner --&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;!-- Begin email content --&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;DIV class=productinfo align=left&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Of all the evil Satan has released upon the earth, there are two demons in particular that are so destructive and devastating that they feed power to all other evil spirits. From the Garden of Eden until our present day, Satan has used the same secret strategy to bind, oppress, confound, and deceive mankind.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;This prophetic revelation given in a vision to Steve Foss exposes the secret strategy of the enemy and reveals how to defeat this dynamic duo of demonic spirits&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;.&lt;/STRONG&gt; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.elijahlist.com/words/display_word/8065&quot; target=_blank&gt;http://www.elijahlist.com/words/display_word/8065&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 14pt&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT color=#c8056a&gt; ( 신사도 운동가 집단 홈페이지 )&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 18pt&quot;&gt;스티브 포스의 사역 장면 동영상&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;EMBED height=344 type=application/x-shockwave-flash width=425 src=http://www.youtube.com/v/A68TNfcS5-k&amp;hl=ko&amp;fs=1&amp; wmode=&quot;transparent&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot;&gt;&lt;/EMBED&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;EMBED height=344 type=application/x-shockwave-flash width=425 src=http://www.youtube.com/v/wA8Mhc1KWs0&amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;color2=0xcfcfcf&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;fs=1 wmode=&quot;transparent&quot; allowScriptAccess=&quot;always&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;DIV class=iplay-embed&gt;&lt;IMG class=thumbnail title=&quot;Steve Foss&quot; src=&quot;http://2.gvt0.com/vi/JMHfMAMOTs4/0.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV class=&quot;play-message-in-player iplay-cannot-play-here&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV class=&quot;play-message-in-player iplay-cannot-play-here&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMHfMAMOTs4&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 24pt&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMHfMAMOTs4&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;FONT color=#c8056a&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;=====&gt; 클릭해 보세요&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV class=iplay-title&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Steve Foss&quot; href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMHfMAMOTs4&quot; target=_top&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#810081&gt;Steve Foss&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV class=iplay-info-container&gt;&lt;SPAN class=iplay-info&gt;&lt;SPAN class=rl-duration&gt;08:21 - &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN class=rl-age&gt;&lt;NOBR&gt;1년 전&lt;/NOBR&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV class=iplay-watch-on&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMHfMAMOTs4&quot; target=_top&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#810081&gt;youtube.com&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;에서 보기&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/EMBED&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 18pt&quot;&gt;( 게시자 주 )&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;스티브 포스는 신사도 운동가들과 함께 신사도 운동에 참여하는 사람이다. 아직 신사도 반열에 올라있지는 않지만, 신사도 측에서 그의 사역을 힘껏 밀어주고 있다. 다른 신사도들과 같이 예언, 방언, 기적, 초자연적 현상들, 악한 영 쫓기,심리적 현상들을 사역의 주무기로 한다. 빈야드 운동등 비성경적 원리들을 그대로 따르고 있다.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
	    </content>
	    	</entry>
    	<entry>
	    <title>적십자사와 프리메이슨</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://blog.daum.net/alphacourse/11297382"/>
		<id>tag:blog.daum.net,2009:alphacourse.11297382</id>
	    <author>
		    <name>푸르름</name>
	    </author>
	    <updated>2009-10-31T10:44:31Z</updated>
	    <published>2009-10-31T10:44:31Z</published>
	    <content type="html">
	    	&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://blogs.phillyburbs.com/news/intelligencer/wp-content/blogs.dir/4/files/2009/February/Tuesday/AmericanRedCross.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=http://blogs.phillyburbs.com/news/intelligencer/blood-drives-set-4/&amp;usg=__bcOolCtxb1lNk0k9IPG26T-Ruh4=&amp;h=334&amp;w=330&amp;sz=68&amp;hl=ko&amp;start=2&amp;um=1&amp;tbnid=3W_lLtP8QNuqZM:&amp;tbnh=119&amp;tbnw=118&amp;prev=/images%3Fq%3DAMERICAN%2BRED%2BCROSS%26hl%3Dko%26lr%3D%26um%3D1&quot;&gt;&lt;IMG style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid&quot; src=&quot;http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:3W_lLtP8QNuqZM:http://blogs.phillyburbs.com/news/intelligencer/wp-content/blogs.dir/4/files/2009/February/Tuesday/AmericanRedCross.jpg&quot; width=118 height=119&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 18pt&quot;&gt;자료 1-1 미국 적십자 창시자 클라라 바톤( CLARA BARTON )은 이스턴 스타 프리메이슨이다.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;
&lt;TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=5 cellPadding=0 width=600 align=center&gt;
&lt;TBODY&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;DIV class=thomas_main1 align=left&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Women and Freemasonry - Order of The Eastern Star&quot; href=&quot;http://www.antiquemasonicjewelry.com/women-and-freemasonry-order-of-the-eastern-star/&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#810081&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 18pt&quot;&gt;Women and Freemasonry - Order of The Eastern Star&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P class=byline&gt;By &lt;SPAN class=author&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Posts by admin&quot; href=&quot;http://www.antiquemasonicjewelry.com/author/admin/&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;admin&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt; on &lt;SPAN class=time&gt;March 9th, 2009&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;DIV class=entry&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Georgia, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: small&quot;&gt;Freemasons has traditionally and historically been available for only men. Perhaps this is due to the idea that Freemasons such as the Knights of Templar were focused on military and only men were admitted to being in the military. Whatever the reason is, women began gaining acceptance to becoming part of Masonry over time.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Georgia, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: small&quot;&gt;In 1850, the Order of the Eastern Star was established by a Rob Morris to include both men and women to the fraternity. It is now the largest Freemasons that allows both men and women to join. It began by only allowing mothers, daughters and sisters to join but now other female relatives are able to join as well.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Georgia, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: small&quot;&gt;The Order of the Eastern Star is committed to the teachings of the Bible and the emblem of the order is a five pointed &lt;IMG class=&quot;alignright size-full wp-image-301&quot; title=order-of-the-eastern-star-logo alt=order-of-the-eastern-star-logo src=&quot;http://www.antiquemasonicjewelry.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/order-of-the-eastern-star-logo.png&quot; width=297 height=297&gt;star where the white ray of the star points down towards the manger. The Bible is used for teaching lessons by pointing out female Biblical figures including Adah, Ruth, Esther, Martha and Electa.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Georgia, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: small&quot;&gt;This branch of Masonry has several officers that include women as well. The General Grand Chapter headquarters is located at Washington D.C. The Order of the Eastern Star is committed to charities and their charitable foundation has recently donated to Alzheimer’s disease research, diabetes research for children, asthma research for children and other scholarships. &lt;FONT color=#c8056a&gt;Eleanor Roosevelt, Clara Barton and Maya Angelou are famous members of the Eastern Star Order.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Georgia, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: small&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT color=#c8056a&gt;( &lt;STRONG&gt;엘레나 루스벨트, 클라라 바톤과 마야 아그넬루는 이스턴 스타 로지의 유명한 멤버이다. )&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Georgia, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: small&quot;&gt;Aside from the Order of the Eastern Star, there are other branches of Masonry dedicated to only women or co-ed ones. These include the Order of the Amaranth, the White Shrine of Jerusalem, the Social Order of Beauceant, the Daughters of the Nile, and the International Order of the Rainbow Girls. &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Georgia, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: small&quot;&gt;The Order of the Rainbow Girls is actually affiliated with Masonic Lodges, the Order of the Eastern Star and Courts of Amaranth. The Rainbow is a symbol for connection with fraternal life and for beauty. The order is committed to the idea that the life only continues and expands because of women who are bearers of life. The Rainbow Girls accepts teenage girls who take up activities and responsibilities for a better future fraternal and social life.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Georgia, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: small&quot;&gt;The Order of Amaranth is another women’s organization associated with Masonry. The women who become members would have to be related the Male Masons or were already active members of the International Order of the Rainbow Girls or Job’s Daughter International. The Order of Amaranth teaches its members about their service to God, their country and other people. One of the charitable foundations is of the order is Amaranth Diabetes Foundation.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Georgia, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: small&quot;&gt;Although women have not been able to join regular Masonic lodges, there have been efforts throughout the history of Masonry to allow women to join and serve the community as well as better themselves. Each branch of Masonry dedicated to the inclusion of women has its own rituals and traditions as well as symbolism. These customs, however, are still based on the general Masonic rule.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P style=&quot;MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-FAMILY: Georgia, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: small&quot;&gt;Click here if you are looking for &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.antiquemasonicjewelry.com/order-of-the-eastern-star/&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Order of the Eastern Star merchandise&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;.&lt;BR&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;P class=post-meta-data&gt;&lt;SPAN class=categories&gt;Categories: &lt;A title=&quot;View all posts in Article&quot; href=&quot;http://www.antiquemasonicjewelry.com/category/article/&quot; rel=&quot;category tag&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Article&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tags&gt;Tags: &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.antiquemasonicjewelry.com/tag/order-of-the-eastern-star/&quot; rel=tag&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Order of the Eastern Star&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD vAlign=top&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;발췌 : &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.antiquemasonicjewelry.com/women-and-freemasonry-order-of-the-eastern-star/&quot; target=_blank&gt;http://www.antiquemasonicjewelry.com/women-and-freemasonry-order-of-the-eastern-star/&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#c8056a&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 11pt&quot;&gt;( 이스턴 스타 프리메이슨 로지 홈페이지 )&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 18pt&quot;&gt;자료 1-2 클라라 바톤이&amp;nbsp;프리메이슨이라는 위키페디아 사전 설명&amp;nbsp;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;A class=image href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/File:WcbbustCBarton2.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;IMG alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/WcbbustCBarton2.jpg/225px-WcbbustCBarton2.jpg&quot; width=225 height=219&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;Clara Barton&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The &lt;B&gt;Order of the Eastern Star&lt;/B&gt; is the largest &lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Fraternal organization&quot; href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Fraternal_organization&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;fraternal organization&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; in the world that both men and women can join. It was established in 1850 by &lt;A title=&quot;Rob Morris (Freemason)&quot; href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Rob_Morris_(Freemason)&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Rob Morris&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, a lawyer and educator from &lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Boston, Massachusetts&quot; href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Boston&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, &lt;A title=Massachusetts href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Massachusetts&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Massachusetts&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, who had been an official with the &lt;A title=Freemasonry href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Freemasonry&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Freemasons&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;. It is based on teachings from the &lt;A title=Bible href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Bible&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Bible&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;,&lt;SUP id=cite_ref-0 class=reference&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#cite_note-0&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;[&lt;/SPAN&gt;1&lt;SPAN&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SUP&gt; but is open to people of all monotheistic faiths. It has approximately 10,000 chapters in twenty countries and approximately one million members under its General Grand Chapter. Members of the Order are aged 18 and older; men must be Master Masons and women must have specific relationships with Masons. Originally, a woman would have to be the daughter, widow, wife, sister, or mother of a master Mason, but the Order now allows other relatives&lt;SUP id=cite_ref-1 class=reference&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#cite_note-1&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;[&lt;/SPAN&gt;2&lt;SPAN&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SUP&gt; as well as allowing &lt;A title=&quot;Job's Daughters International&quot; href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Job%27s_Daughters_International&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Job's Daughters&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, &lt;A title=&quot;International Order of the Rainbow for Girls&quot; href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/International_Order_of_the_Rainbow_for_Girls&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Rainbow Girls&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;, and Triangle Girls to become members when they become of age.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;TABLE id=toc class=toc&gt;
&lt;TBODY&gt;
&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;DIV id=toctitle&gt;
&lt;H2&gt;Contents&lt;/H2&gt;&lt;SPAN class=toctoggle&gt;[&lt;A id=togglelink class=internal href=&quot;javascript:toggleToc()&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;hide&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-1&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#History&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;1&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;History&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-2&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#Emblem_and_heroines&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;2&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Emblem and heroines&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-3&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#Officers&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;3&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Officers&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-4&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#Headquarters&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;4&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Headquarters&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-5&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#Charities&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;5&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Charities&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-6&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#Famous_members&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;6&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Famous members&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-7&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#See_also&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;7&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;See also&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-8&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#References&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;8&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;References&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-9&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#External_links&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;9&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;External links&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A class=image href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/File:Oes_GGC_color.PNG&quot;&gt;&lt;IMG class=thumbimage alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/Oes_GGC_color.PNG/180px-Oes_GGC_color.PNG&quot; width=180 height=180&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;
&lt;DIV class=thumbcaption&gt;
&lt;DIV class=magnify&gt;&lt;A class=internal title=Enlarge href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/File:Oes_GGC_color.PNG&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;General Grand Chapter logo&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;TABLE id=toc class=toc&gt;
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&lt;TR&gt;
&lt;TD&gt;
&lt;DIV id=toctitle&gt;
&lt;H2&gt;Contents&lt;/H2&gt;&lt;SPAN class=toctoggle&gt;[&lt;A id=togglelink class=internal href=&quot;javascript:toggleToc()&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;hide&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-1&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#History&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;1&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;History&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-2&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#Emblem_and_heroines&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;2&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Emblem and heroines&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-3&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#Officers&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;3&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Officers&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-4&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#Headquarters&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;4&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Headquarters&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-5&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#Charities&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;5&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Charities&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-6&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#Famous_members&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;6&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;Famous members&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-7&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#See_also&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;7&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;See also&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-8&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#References&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;8&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;References&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-9&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#External_links&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN class=tocnumber&gt;9&lt;/SPAN&gt; &lt;SPAN class=toctext&gt;External links&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN id=Famous_members class=mw-headline&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 18pt&quot;&gt;Famous members&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 18pt&quot;&gt; &lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;
&lt;UL&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Clara Barton&quot; href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Clara_Barton&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#c8056a&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 14pt&quot;&gt;Clara Barton&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;SUP id=cite_ref-5 class=reference&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#cite_note-5&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;[&lt;/SPAN&gt;6&lt;SPAN&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SUP&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Caroline Ingalls&quot; href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Caroline_Ingalls&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Caroline Ingalls&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Eva McGown&quot; href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Eva_McGown&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Eva McGown&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;SUP id=cite_ref-6 class=reference&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#cite_note-6&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;[&lt;/SPAN&gt;7&lt;SPAN&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SUP&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Eleanor Roosevelt&quot; href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Eleanor Roosevelt&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Carrie Ingalls&quot; href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Carrie_Ingalls&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Carrie Ingalls Swanzey&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt; (daughter of Caroline and sister of Laura)&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Laura Ingalls Wilder&quot; href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Laura_Ingalls_Wilder&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Laura Ingalls Wilder&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;SUP id=cite_ref-7 class=reference&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/services/blog/pages/wysiwyg_html_explorer.html?prefix=&amp;ver=1.1.157&#cite_note-7&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=2&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;&lt;SPAN&gt;[&lt;/SPAN&gt;8&lt;SPAN&gt;]&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/SUP&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A class=mw-redirect title=&quot;Zora Neal Hurston&quot; href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Zora_Neal_Hurston&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Zora Neal Hurston&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Nikki Giovanni&quot; href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Nikki_Giovanni&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Nikki Giovanni&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;
&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A title=&quot;Maya Angelou&quot; href=&quot;http://editor.daum.net/wiki/Maya_Angelou&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Maya Angelou&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.topnews.in/files/ICRC_logo_1.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=http://www.topnews.in/us-reveal-names-secret-camp-detainees-red-cross-2205325&amp;usg=___N-j8AY8TfFrQiSB9RURZBe4QXE=&amp;h=450&amp;w=477&amp;sz=42&amp;hl=ko&amp;start=3&amp;um=1&amp;tbnid=MFM0Y1FCKbd9xM:&amp;tbnh=122&amp;tbnw=129&amp;prev=/images%3Fq%3DRED%2BCROSS%2BICRC%26hl%3Dko%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1&quot;&gt;&lt;IMG style=&quot;BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid&quot; src=&quot;http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:MFM0Y1FCKbd9xM:http://www.topnews.in/files/ICRC_logo_1.jpg&quot; width=129 height=122&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;SPAN style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 18pt&quot;&gt;자료 2 국제 적십자사 창시자 헨리 듀낭은 프리메이슨이다.&lt;/SPAN&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp; 
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&lt;TD align=middle&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff size=2 face=&quot;Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Sans&quot;&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/textfiles/famous.html&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;U&gt;FREEMASONS&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; &lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;
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&lt;TD height=14&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
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&lt;TD&gt;&lt;FONT color=#006666 size=7 face=&quot;Palatino, Times&quot;&gt;Jean-Henri Dunant&lt;/FONT&gt; 
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&lt;TR align=TOP&gt;
&lt;TD vAlign=top width=200 align=right&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 alt=&quot;[Jean Henri Dunant]&quot; align=top src=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/images/dunant_j.jpg&quot; width=200&gt;&lt;/A&gt; 
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&lt;TD align=right&gt;&lt;FONT size=1 face=&quot;Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Sans&quot;&gt;American Red Cross Photo&lt;/FONT&gt; &lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;
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&lt;TD height=2&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;
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&lt;TD&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=&quot;Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Sans&quot;&gt;&lt;B&gt;May 8, 1828-October 30, 1910&lt;/B&gt; 
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&lt;TD&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;Founder of the Red Cross, a founder of the Young Men’s Christian Association, and co-winner of the first Nobel Prize for Peace in 1901, he also worked to bring about the 1864 Geneva Convention. 
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&lt;TD&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;In &lt;I&gt;Un Souvenir de Solférino&lt;/I&gt; (1862) he proposed the formation in all countries of voluntary relief societies for the prevention and alleviation of suffering in war and peacetime, without distinction of race or creed. &lt;/FONT&gt;
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&lt;TD&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;FONT size=1 face=&quot;Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Sans&quot;&gt;&lt;B&gt;Freemason&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;
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&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;FONT size=1 face=&quot;Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Sans&quot;&gt;Source: &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bibliography.html#[WD]&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Denslow&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;; &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bibliography.html#[JH]&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;Hamill&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; &lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;
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    	<entry>
	    <title>교황도 결혼한다.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://blog.daum.net/alphacourse/11297381"/>
		<id>tag:blog.daum.net,2009:alphacourse.11297381</id>
	    <author>
		    <name>푸르름</name>
	    </author>
	    <updated>2009-10-30T09:25:38Z</updated>
	    <published>2009-10-30T09:25:38Z</published>
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	    	&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=7&gt;39 Popes Were Married!&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;by &lt;FONT size=2&gt;&amp;nbsp;FATHER JOHN SHUSTER,&amp;nbsp; MARRIED ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIEST&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT size=5&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=3&gt;&lt;A href=&quot;http://johnshuster.com/thirtynine_popes.doc&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;IMG border=0 src=&quot;http://johnshuster.com/disk.gif&quot; width=30 height=30&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&amp;nbsp; To download this text as an MS Word .doc file, click on the disk, &lt;STRONG&gt;OR&lt;/STRONG&gt; click on &lt;U&gt;File&lt;/U&gt;, then &lt;U&gt;Save As&lt;/U&gt; on your browser's menu bar.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=5&gt;My name is Father John Shuster.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I am a married Roman Catholic priest. Please call me &quot;John&quot;.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I want to tell you about a crisis in our Roman Catholic church. There is an alarming shortage of celibate priests.&lt;SUP&gt;1&lt;/SUP&gt; The shortage is so acute that many parishes are being forced to close.&lt;SUP&gt;2&lt;/SUP&gt; At the same time, there are over twenty thousand married priests here in the United States. To put that in better perspective, one out of every three priests has married. That’s a large number of priests available to staff parishes - over four hundred priests, on average, per state. Married priests are still priests, but we are no longer clerics.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Let’s examine the difference between a priest and a cleric. A priest is engaged in a vocation of service, a spiritual calling from God. A cleric occupies an organizational position in the institutional church.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;When a priest marries, he is dismissed from the clerical state. But he retains the fullness of the priesthood. He should be referred to as an &quot;ex-cleric.&quot; Many mistakenly use the term &quot;ex-priest&quot;. He is ordained to be a priest, not a cleric. Ordination is permanent. This fact is validated by church law, Canon 290.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Twenty-one church laws entitle Catholics to utilize married priests. In marriage, by virtue of Canon 290, our education, our ordination and 12 centuries of Roman Catholic tradition, priests retain the role of serving people as Jesus did.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;We married priests have NOT abandoned our faith. We continue to help Catholics in need and look forward to our full reinstatement when the man-made law of celibacy is rescinded.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;At the threshold of the millennium, thirty percent of all priests are now married. It is felt that God is calling us back to our original Roman Catholic tradition. And, since society has finally recognized their equality, it is time the church granted women equality for pastoral service. In fact, many married priests and their wives minister as a couple.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;Married Priests in the Early Church&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;History fully supports a married priesthood. For the first 1200 years of the Church’s existence, priests, bishops and 39 popes were married.&lt;SUP&gt;3&lt;/SUP&gt; Celibacy existed in the first century among hermits and monks, but it was considered an optional, alternative lifestyle. Medieval politics brought about the discipline of mandatory celibacy for priests.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Let’s remember the words of Jesus: &quot;You are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my Church.&quot; St. Peter, the pope who was closest to Jesus, was married. There are three references in the Gospel about St. Peter’s wife, his mother-in-law and his family. Based on Jewish law and custom, we can safely assume that all of the Apostles, except for young John, were married with families.&lt;SUP&gt;4&lt;/SUP&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Married priests and their spouses were the first pastors, the first bishops, the first missionaries. They carried the message of Jesus across cultures and protected it through many hardships. They guided the fragile young Church through its early growth and helped it survive numerous persecutions.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Pope John Paul II recognized this in 1993 when he said publicly that celibacy is not essential to the priesthood.&lt;SUP&gt;5 &lt;/SUP&gt;This pronouncement offers great promise toward resolving the problem of the shortage of celibate priests.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The early Church was a network of small family-based communities throughout the Mediterranean region. Life was marked by a sense of joyful expectation. Jesus said that he would return and the first Christians believed that it would be soon. Led by married priests, they met at each other’s homes to celebrate the Mass. Strangers were invited to share the bread and wine. No one was excluded from receiving Communion. The strangers soon became friends, joined the young Church, and brought others to hear the good news of Jesus.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Sacred Scripture documents that priests and bishops of the early Church were married. In the New Testament, in his first letter to Timothy, chapter 3, verses 1 through 7, St. Paul discusses the qualities necessary for a bishop. He describes a &quot;kind and peaceable&quot; father, a man with a family. As part of his description, St. Paul even asks the question, &quot;...how can any man who does not understand how to manage his own family have responsibility for the church of God?&quot; St. Paul established many small communities and left them in the hands of married priests and bishops.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Church leadership was based in service and was accountable to the people. Each member of the church had a voice in the community. As we read in the Acts of the Apostles, chapter 15, verse 22, group decisions were made in agreement with the whole assembly. The early Church is portrayed as democratic, where leadership listened to the community and responded to its needs.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Roman Influence in the Church&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;How did we evolve to the large institution that we have today? What happened to the married priesthood? It began in AD 313, when the Roman emperor Constantine legalized Christianity within the Roman Empire. With his legislation, the early Church evolved from a persecuted group of small communities to become the official faith of a world power under Emperor Theodosius in AD 380.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Constantine’s intentions in adopting Christianity were not entirely spiritual.&lt;SUP&gt;6 &lt;/SUP&gt;His position was being challenged by political groups; he needed to display his power. Forcing other politicians to become Christians was a test of their loyalty.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Constantine used the new religion as an effective tool to weed out his enemies. It strengthened his political power. Constantine also was faced with unifying the many peoples his armies had vanquished. Christianity was the key to establishing a new Roman identity in the conquered peoples. On the surface he made them Christians to save their souls, but this new religion was his final act of conquest over them.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;With Christianity now the official religion of the Roman Empire, many things changed very quickly in the Church. Priests from the small communities were given special social rank among their new Roman friends. They no longer had to hide from Roman soldiers and fear for their lives. Instead, they received pay for their services as priests and enjoyed special privileges in Roman society. Bishops were given civil authority and assigned jurisdiction over the people in their area.&lt;SUP&gt;7&lt;/SUP&gt; Romans, who were members of the local ruling elite, quickly converted to Christianity as ordered by the Emperor. These were men trained in public life and skilled in city politics.&lt;SUP&gt;8&lt;/SUP&gt; They became priests and rapidly moved into positions of leadership in the Church.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;These Roman politicians, with their newly acquired priesthood, brought the impersonal and legalistic attitudes of government to the Church. The celebration of the Eucharist moved from small home gatherings to what we now call &quot;mass&quot; involving huge numbers of people in large buildings. The celebration of the Eucharist became a highly structured ritual that imitated the ceremonies of Rome’s imperial court. This Roman influence is the source of our vestments, genuflection, kneeling, and the strict formality of Mass.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;An institutional Church structure emerged mirroring that of the Roman government. Large buildings, church tribunal courts, rulers and subjects began to replace the family-based small communities that were served by a local married priesthood. The new Roman priests worked to shift authority away from the married priests in the small communities and consolidate political power around themselves. With the assistance of the Roman Empire, Church leadership became a hierarchy that moved away from its family origins and into the Roman mindset of a ruling class that was above the people in the street.&lt;SUP&gt;9&lt;/SUP&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Other changes occurred that shifted emphasis away from the people and towards the preferences of the Roman politicians. The Church adopted the Roman practice of men alone holding institutional authority. There is solid historical evidence that women served as priests and pastors prior to this time.&lt;SUP&gt;10&lt;/SUP&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=3&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=5&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Women Priests in the Early Church&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In 494 women’s participation in the leadership of small communities came to an end when Pope Gelasius decreed that women could no longer be ordained to the priesthood.&lt;SUP&gt;11&lt;/SUP&gt; This legislation is perhaps the strongest proof we have of women serving as spiritual leaders in the early Church. Women’s roles in the church diminished as popes and bishops marched in lockstep with the Roman authorities.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Mandatory Celibacy:&amp;nbsp; Attack on Women and Intimacy&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;With time, celibacy took on the status of a special spirituality. Certain factions promoted it by denigrating the holiness of marriage and family life. The Roman practice of abstaining from marital relations to conserve energy before a battle or a sporting event found its way into liturgical practice. Priests were ordered to abstain from intimacy with their wives the night before they celebrated Mass. The resultant message was that sexuality and marriage were no longer holy.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Celibacy became yet another political opportunity in the hands of ambitious priests and bishops. They used the celibate lifestyle as a political tool to lessen the influence of the married priests. A negative attitude towards women and sexuality began to emerge from the hierarchy that stood in stark contrast to the healthy family perspective that was central to the early Church.&lt;SUP&gt;12&lt;/SUP&gt; This established celibacy as the highest state of holiness and the eventual suppression of the married priesthood.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;For example, in 366, Pope Damasus began the assault on the married priesthood by declaring that priests could continue to marry, but that they were not allowed to express their love sexually with their wives.&lt;SUP&gt;13&lt;/SUP&gt; The priests and people alike rejected this law. In the year 385, Pope Siricius abandoned his own wife and children in order to gain his papal position. He immediately decreed that all priests could no longer be married, but he was unable to enforce compliance to his outrageous new law.&lt;SUP&gt;14&lt;/SUP&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Over the next 1,000 years, an unnatural sexual ethic emerged in the Church’s developing theology. This new legalistic preoccupation with sexuality was antagonistic to normal human relationships and out of step with the natural order of life as established by God. It continued to be very derogatory towards women.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In 401, St. Augustine wrote that &quot;Nothing is so powerful in drawing the spirit of a man downwards as the caresses of a woman.&quot;&lt;SUP&gt;15 &lt;/SUP&gt;The evolving attitude against sexuality and women was designed to control the intimate aspects of people’s lives, and this dynamic continues to the present day. Because they were family men, married priests could see the political agenda behind the hierarchy’s obsession with sexuality. Married priests stood in solidarity with the people and did their best to stave off the Roman hierarchy’s continued efforts to gain power and control over them and their families.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Holy Communion Ended for Divorced/Remarried Catholics&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The ordinary people suffered the most as this trend continued. By the twelfth century, a negative and legalistic mindset pervaded the Church’s hierarchy. Celibate bishops and priests put great emphasis on sin and guilt in an effort to establish uniformity and control. It was during this period of Church history that marriage after divorce was declared to be a sin. Those who were divorced and remarried were no longer permitted to receive the Blessed Sacrament. Up to this time, marriages were adjudicated, consentually dissolved, and individuals were free to marry again, and free to receive Holy Communion.&lt;SUP&gt;16&lt;/SUP&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Another political dynamic was at play here. The medieval church hierarchy was in a power struggle with the many monarchies and royal families across Europe. With the ability to control royal marriages, Rome realized that it could influence political alliances and manipulate affairs of state.&lt;SUP&gt;17&lt;/SUP&gt; As a result of this new effort to control royal alliances, being barred from Communion and the sacraments immediately punished ordinary people who divorced and re-married. They were denied full participation in the life of the Church because they did not comply to the will of church authorities. Legal status replaced spirituality as the benchmark for holiness and good standing in the institutional Church, and that is still a powerful influence today.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Infallibility -- a Man-made Concept&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In this growing atmosphere of power and legalism, certain medieval popes abused their authority.&lt;SUP&gt;18&lt;/SUP&gt; In the year 1075, Pope Gregory VII declared that nobody could judge a pope except God. Introducing the concept of infallibility, he was the first pope to decree that Rome can never be in error. He had statues made in his likeness and placed them in churches throughout Europe. He insisted that everyone must obey the pope, and that all popes are saints by virtue of their association with St. Peter.&lt;SUP&gt;19&lt;/SUP&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The hierarchy viewed married priests as an obstacle to their quest for total control of the church and focused a two pronged attack against them. They used mandatory celibacy to attack and dissolve the influential priestly families throughout Europe and the Mediterranean world. At the same time they claimed ownership of the churches and the lands owned by married priests. As landowners the medieval hierarchy knew that they would gain the political power they sought in every country in Europe. An additional benefit of land ownership was money. They now had the ability to collect taxes from the faithful and charge money for indulgences and other sacramental ministry.&lt;SUP&gt;20&lt;/SUP&gt; This practice contributed to the Protestant reformation and the splintering of the Roman Catholic church community in the sixteenth century.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In the eleventh century, the attacks against the married priesthood grew in intensity. In 1074, Pope Gregory VII legislated that anyone to be ordained must first pledge celibacy. Continuing his attack against women, he publicly stated that &quot;...the Church cannot escape from the clutches of the laity unless priests first escape the clutches of their wives&quot;.&lt;SUP&gt;21&lt;/SUP&gt; Within twenty years, things took a turn for the worse.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In the year 1095, there was an escalation of brutal force against married priests and their families. Pope Urban II ordered that married priests who ignored the celibacy laws be imprisoned for the good of their souls. He had the wives and children of those married priests sold into slavery, and the money went to church coffers.&lt;SUP&gt;22&lt;/SUP&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The effort to consolidate church power in the medieval hierarchy and to seize the land assets the married priest families saw its victory in 1139. The legislation that effectively ended optional celibacy for priests came from the Second Lateran Council under Pope Innocent II.&lt;SUP&gt;23&lt;/SUP&gt; The true motivation for these laws was the desire to acquire land throughout Europe and strengthen the papal power base. The laws demanding mandatory celibacy for priests used the language of purity and holiness, but their true intent was to solidify control over the lower clergy and eliminate any challenge to the political objectives of the medieval hierarchy.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&quot;Priests will commit sins far worse than fornication.&quot;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;One brave man, the Italian bishop Ulric of Imola, argued that the hierarchy had no right to forbid marriage to priests and urged bishops and priests not to abandon their families. Bishop Ulrich said that, &quot;When celibacy is imposed, priests will commit sins far worse than fornication.&quot;&lt;SUP&gt;24&lt;/SUP&gt; The recent number of highly publicized convictions of priests involved in sexual misconduct have given credence to good Bishop Ulric. Scientific evidence is emerging that shows mandatory celibacy is connected to sexual abuse by priests. For a copy of this research, call 1-800-PRIEST-9.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The respected tradition of the married priesthood was virtually destroyed by the new celibacy laws. The healthy family origins of our faith withered with the suppression of the married priesthood and the devaluation of women in the Church.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;110,000 Married Priests Worldwide&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Many of the problems we face in the Church today can be traced back to this period of our Church history. But, as we approach the end of the 20th century, God seems to be calling us back to the wholesomeness of our origins as a Church. In the past 25 years, over 100,000 Roman Catholic priests, worldwide, have married and many have discreetly continued to practice their priesthood. One out of every three Roman Catholic priests in the United States today is a married priest, and the number of priests getting married continues to grow.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Marriage has given these priests a new perspective. They practice their priesthood with a deeper compassion for people and the challenges they face. Married priest couples visit the elderly in nursing homes when no celibate priest is available. Married priests care for couples who have been turned away for whatever reason from their local parish. Married priests understand the special needs of Catholics who have been divorced and want to enter into good second marriages. The public has indicated that they like their gentle style and their practical approach to life’s problems.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Women, particularly, are often deeply moved by the honesty and respect married priests show their wives, and by the sensitivity and support they show for women’s issues.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;70% of American Catholics Want Married Priests&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;In order to transition from celibacy to marriage, priests are given no other option but to sign papers from the Vatican that infer that they never really had a vocation to the priesthood, that they are psychologically unstable, or morally weak. Just the opposite is true. Married priests have acted in unison with the Spirit of God and responded to their expanded calling with conviction and love. Many American Catholics have formally recognized their courage, especially those who have reached them through the Rent A Priest program. In national polls, 70 percent of Catholics want their priests who have married to resume their work as married priests in the Roman Catholic Church.&lt;SUP&gt;25&lt;/SUP&gt; They have been impressed with the integrity of married priests and the compassionate understanding they show to people who are caught in difficult situations.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&quot;Celibacy is not essential to the Priesthood.&quot;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;Pope John Paul II&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT size=5&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Besides the statement of Pope John Paul II that celibacy is not essential to the priesthood, there has been another promising development from the Vatican concerning married Catholic priests. Most Catholics are unaware that Rome is ordaining married Protestant ministers into the priesthood and assigning them to parishes here in the United States. In some instances, these Protestant ministers, now Catholic priests, replaced priests forced to leave their parishes because they got married. Rome is allowing them to remain married and providing support for their families. Studies show that the cost of supporting a married priest family is sometimes less than a celibate with his housekeeper and other assistants.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;The Vatican Ordains Married Protestant Ministers&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The majority of these new married Catholic priests are Episcopalians who have left their tradition because of the decision of the Church of England in favor of woman’s ordination. In ordaining to the priesthood over 100 married Protestant ministers, the Vatican has, in effect, re-established the married priesthood in the Roman Catholic Church. They have acted upon the Pope's statement that celibacy is not necessary for priesthood. By ordaining married Protestant ministers to the priesthood, the Vatican has changed the rules. In doing so, it has set a precedent that Catholics can now use married priests for Mass and the sacraments, and there are church laws that allow this. By its own example, Rome has clearly announced to the world a new public acceptance of married Catholic priests in the Church.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Mandatory celibacy is truly a man-made rule, a discipline, just like the old rule forbidding altar girls. These disciplinary practices are not necessary to our faith as Roman Catholics. Such rules can and have been changed. Today we are faced with parish closures because of the celibacy rule. With the stroke of a pen, the Vatican could lift the mandatory celibacy discipline for all of the priests. In doing so, they could mobilize over 110,000 married Catholic priest couples worldwide and re-open every parish they have been forced to close.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Pope John Paul II is working on another initiative that involves married priests. There are close to 20 different rites in the universal Church. Perhaps you’ve heard of the Byzantine Catholic Church, the Chaldean rite, the Coptic rite. Not all of these rites are in communion with Rome, and Pope John Paul II is trying to unify all rites into one Church family. Most of the Eastern rites have kept the tradition of a married priesthood over the centuries, and they will want to continue with a married priesthood in any new alliance.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Pope John Paul’s declaration that celibacy is not necessary for the priesthood has the double benefit of solving the clergy shortage in our Roman tradition and laying the groundwork for a comprehensive and agreeable Church unity world-wide. The future of the Church holds many promising developments, and married Catholic priests will play a key role in their implementation.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Canon Laws:&amp;nbsp; The Public Must Do The Asking&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Each church law is referred to as a canon. This body of church laws was formed soon after the imposition of mandatory celibacy. It seems that the holy monk Gratian, who formulated Canon Law, was aware of the unjust persecution of married priests and their families. I believe that he wrote laws into the code that would protect them and allow for the restoration of the married priesthood one day. There are twenty one church laws that give you permission to ask a married priest couple for help. I would like to touch on two of these church laws and explain how you can use them to help you feel comfortable in calling upon married priests.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Canon 290 is very special.&lt;SUP&gt;26&lt;/SUP&gt; It talks about the permanence of ordination to the priesthood. I quote: &quot;After it has been validly received sacred ordination never becomes invalid&quot;. This canon confirms that married Catholic priests are still valid priests in good standing. The sacraments that married priests provide for you are valid sacraments. Many people think that if a priest marries, that he is excommunicated and is no longer a priest. As Canon 290 tells us, that is not true. It is in the spirit of Canon 290 that we refer to ourselves as &quot;married Roman Catholic priests&quot;.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;You might be told that sacraments from married priests are valid, but not licit. That is technically correct, and I would like to provide an example that explains the distinction between the terms &quot;valid&quot; and &quot;licit&quot;. I’ll use a medical analogy to clarify this issue. Let’s imagine that a doctor from New Mexico is flying to Chicago for a conference. He lands at O’Hare International airport, rents a car, and on the way to the hotel he witnesses a traffic accident. A man is thrown from his car and is bleeding profusely from a laceration on his arm. The doctor rushes to the victim’s aid, stops the bleeding and stabilizes his new patient until the ambulance arrives. The doctor’s help in this emergency situation is &quot;valid&quot; because he is a practicing physician, who has been properly trained, and holds a degree from an accredited school of medicine. At the same time, the doctor’s help to the accident victim is not &quot;licit&quot; because he does not hold a license to practice medicine in the State of Illinois. This is the difference between valid and licit action. You can be sure that the accident victim was glad that a &quot;valid&quot; doctor was there to help him when he needed it the most.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Catholics who can’t find an available priest or one willing to help them are now calling upon married Catholic priests with this same understanding of their validity under Church law. Married priests are people who received a divine calling to priesthood from God. They successfully completed years of seminary training and were validly ordained by Roman Catholic bishops. They have graduate degrees in theology and other related fields.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Because of Canon 290, you can be assured that the sacraments married priests provide are as valid as those provided by a celibate priest at any Roman Catholic parish. People who have been helped by married Catholic priests believe that their priesthood is most certainly valid in the eyes of God.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;The Golden Canon&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Canon 1752 has been referred to as the &quot;golden rule&quot; of Church law. It states,: &quot;...the salvation of souls...is always the supreme law of the Church.&quot; It would seem that this canon makes it quite clear that all of the Church’s laws and efforts exist to serve the spiritual needs of the People of God. Any laws which work against this primary objective are, in effect, counter-productive and consequently of questionable validity. If the man-made rule of mandatory celibacy for priests is keeping you from receiving the sacraments, then the celibacy rule is working against the primary mission of the Church. This understanding of the Church’s golden rule places the married priesthood in an entirely new light. It also allows you to share in our common authority and responsibility for the Church’s future.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;From the viewpoint of Church law, we are in a state of emergency because the shortage of celibate priests is closing parishes and threatening the availability of Mass and the sacraments which are the essential activities of the Church.&lt;SUP&gt;27&lt;/SUP&gt; A reversal of this shortage of celibate priests is quite unlikely for the future. In fact, all studies which have been done, including those sponsored by our own United States National Conference of Catholic Bishops, indicate that the crisis will only grow worse in the years ahead. There will be fewer and older celibate priests to serve increasingly larger numbers of Catholics.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The merging or closing of parishes is not an acceptable answer to this crisis. The Rent-A-Priest program is a creative initiative available to Catholics who are caught in this growing crisis. Many parish communities feel that re-instating the 20,000 plus married Catholic priests here in the United States is a good and effective solution because it has solid historical and theological precedent and is clearly provided for by Church law.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Bishops Quietly Applaud&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Our American bishops deal with the shortage of celibate priests every day. One out of four bishops have said, off the record, that they are ready to welcome married priests back with open arms. America’s bishops are good leaders who want the best for their people. They are aware that there are 400 married priests, on average, in every state. Working together, married priests and the remaining celibate priests can stop the parish closures. Side by side, they could dramatically improve the availability of Mass and the sacraments. Many of America’s bishops want to stop wasting the education and experience that married priests have to offer the Church. Every bishop has received information about the Rent-A-Priest program. Several bishops have encouraged us to continue promoting the married priesthood because it is a Church tradition that practice becomes custom and custom becomes law. This is already being done with the acceptance of married Protestant ministers into the priesthood, and Pope John Paul’s declaration that celibacy is not necessary to the priesthood. The next step is for people to begin to ask married priest couples for pastoral care.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;You may not be aware of the many changes in the church that have taken place through the people - from the ground up, instead of the top down. Altar girls are a recent example. Many parishes trained girls as well as boys to be servers at Mass. The Vatican issued a ruling against the use of altar girls in 1987. Because of non-acceptance of this regulation and the continued use of altar girls around the world, the Vatican relented and relaxed the ruling. Practice becomes custom and custom becomes law. As more and more Catholics call upon married priests to provide them with the sacraments, this practice will bring the full reinstatement of married Catholic priests, an end to the parish closures, and better sacramental care for all Catholics.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;We’ve covered a lot of ground on this tape, so let’s summarize. Our message is simple and straightforward. As a Roman Catholic, you have the right to call upon married Catholic priests for Mass and the sacraments. The Rent-A-Priest program is a pastoral ministry of married Roman Catholic priests. We are offering our priesthood to meet the spiritual needs of today’s Catholics. We share the same goals as our bishops: to guarantee that all Catholics have full access to Mass and the sacraments, and to work so that all Catholics experience the fullness of our Catholic tradition. These are the primary and the essential activities of the Church. When Rome formally reinstates all of us married Catholic priests to full participation in the Church, we will work in coordination with our bishops and our brother celibate priests who need our assistance. Until that day comes, we will use the pastoral provisions for married priests granted by 21 Canon Laws to serve any and all Roman Catholics who ask for our help. Through the Rent-A-Priest program, married Catholic priest couples are bringing the Mass and the sacraments into Catholic homes across the country.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;Rent-A-Priest:&amp;nbsp; A referral program with a catchy name&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;The Rent-A-Priest program was started in 1992 by Louise Haggett, a traditional Catholic businesswoman. Louise couldn’t find a priest to visit her mother in a senior assisted-living center. She was surprised to later discover that so many married Catholic priests would be available to help her, if only she knew how to find them and how to ask for their help. Louise founded an organization called &quot;Celibacy Is The Issue&quot; and started the Rent-A-Priest free referral service so that all Catholics, especially the elderly, would never be without a priest. She chose the catchy name &quot;Rent-A-Priest&quot; because it is easy to remember - especially in a crisis situation. As a result of her efforts, thousands of Catholics have received pastoral care from married priests and are learning things about our Church’s history that they never knew before.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;I want to stress that the Rent-A-Priest program is a free referral service. The Rent-A-Priest initiative goes from month to month on the private donations of everyday Catholics like you. We maintain a computerized database of married Catholic priests across the United States. You can personally access this database 24 hours a day through our web site at &lt;A href=&quot;http://www.rentapriest.com/&quot; target=_blank&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;www.rentapriest.com&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;. You can also call our 800 number: 1-800-PRIEST-9. When you call, please leave your name, address, phone number and a brief description of the help that you need. We will be happy to send you information along with a list of the married Roman Catholic priests in your area. You can then contact your own local married priests directly. You can also write us a letter. Address it to Rent-A-Priest, P.O. Box 2850, Framingham, MA, 01703. If you have email capability, our email address is &lt;A href=&quot;mailto:rntapriest@aol.com&quot;&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#0000ff&gt;rntapriest@aol.com&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/A&gt;. It might be wise to learn who your local married priests are so that you will be prepared for unforeseen circumstances. Get to know the married Catholic priests in your area and keep their phone numbers handy. If you need a priest, you’ll have more than one option if a situation arises.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;If the Sunday or daily Mass you’ve been accustomed to attending is no longer available due to the shortage of celibate priests, you have the legal right to call a married Catholic priest. If you are contemplating marriage or re-marriage, and have been turned away by the institutional Church, a married Catholic priest is available to provide you with a Roman Catholic ceremony that is fully recognized by civil authorities. If your loved one has no parish priest available for Communion and Anointing of the Sick, call a married Catholic priest for help.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;Jesus always put people first. When faced with situations where he had to choose between obeying the dictates of the law and responding to human need, he always put people’s needs above the law and acted quickly to help them. Jesus never turned anyone away, and neither will married Catholic priests. Thank you for taking the time to listen to this message. May God bless us all!&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;[&quot;39 Popes Were Married!&quot; was written and recorded by Father John Shuster. It was produced by Celibacy Is The Issue. This tape is copyrighted, but it can be freely duplicated in its entirety and distributed without profit so that the truth about the married Catholic priesthood can be made available to everyone. This tape is also available in printed form with footnotes and a bibliography. Tax deductible contributions may be sent to CITI, PO Box 2850, Framingham, MA 01703. Our newsletter, Come As You Are, is written by married priests and is available for $10 per year. Thank you again for your time and interest.]&lt;/P&gt;
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&lt;P&gt;FOOTNOTES&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;1. &lt;U&gt;Commonweal&lt;/U&gt;. October 11, 1991.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;2. &lt;U&gt;The Journal for the Scientific Study of Religions&lt;/U&gt;. December 1990.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;3. Kelly, J. N. D. &lt;U&gt;Oxford Dictionary of Popes&lt;/U&gt;. New York, Oxford Press. 1986.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;4. Padovano, A. &lt;U&gt;Joseph’s Son&lt;/U&gt;. National Catholic Reporter. April 12, 1996.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;5. &lt;U&gt;Time Magazine&lt;/U&gt;. July 1993.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;6. Grant, M. &lt;U&gt;Constantine the Great: The Man and His Times&lt;/U&gt;. New York, Charles Scribner and Sons. 1993.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;7. Straus, B. R. &lt;U&gt;The Catholic Church&lt;/U&gt;. David and Charles, England. P. 37.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;8. Torjesen, K. J. &lt;U&gt;When Women Were Priests&lt;/U&gt;. Harper San Francisco. 1993. P. 155.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;9. Straus, B. R. &lt;U&gt;The Catholic Church&lt;/U&gt;. David and Charles, England. P. 34.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;10. Torjesen, K. J. &lt;U&gt;When Women Were Priests&lt;/U&gt;. Harper San Francisco. 1993. P. 34.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;11. Padovano, A. &lt;U&gt;Power, Sex, and Church Structures&lt;/U&gt;. A lecture presented at Call To Action, Chicago. 1994.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;12. Ranke-Heinemann. &lt;U&gt;Eunuchs For The Kingdom Of Heaven&lt;/U&gt;. Doubleday. New York. 1990. P. 100 ff.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;13. Barstow, A. L. &lt;U&gt;Married Priests and the Reforming Papacy: The Eleventh-Century Debates&lt;/U&gt;. The Edward Mellen Press. Lewiston, NY. 1982. P. 21.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;14. Padovano, A. &lt;U&gt;Power, Sex, and Church Structures&lt;/U&gt;. A lecture presented at Call To Action, Chicago. 1994.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;15. Padovano, A. Ibid.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;16. Mackin, Theodore. &lt;U&gt;Divorce and Remarriage&lt;/U&gt;. Paulist Press. 1984. P. 116.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;17. Mortimer, R. &lt;U&gt;Angevin England 1154 - 1258&lt;/U&gt;. Blackwell. Oxford, U. K. P. 28.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;18. Padovano, A. &lt;U&gt;Power, Sex, and Church Structures&lt;/U&gt;. A lecture presented at Call To Action, Chicago. 1994.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;19. Padovano, A. Ibid.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;20. Mortimer, R. &lt;U&gt;Angevin England 1154 - 1258&lt;/U&gt;. Blackwell. Oxford, U. K. P. 105-112.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;21. Padovano, A. &lt;U&gt;Power, Sex, and Church Structures&lt;/U&gt;. A lecture presented at Call To Action, Chicago. 1994.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;22. Ranke-Heinemann. &lt;U&gt;Eunuchs For The Kingdom Of Heaven&lt;/U&gt;. Doubleday. New York. 1990. P. 110.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;23. Celibacy, Canon Law of. &lt;U&gt;The New Catholic Encyclopedia&lt;/U&gt;. New York. McGraw Hill. 1967.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;24. Barstow, A. L. &lt;U&gt;Married Priests and the Reforming Papacy: The Eleventh-Century Debates&lt;/U&gt;. The Edward Mellen Press. Lewiston, NY. 1982. P. 112.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;25. &lt;U&gt;Gallup Survey of Catholic Opinion&lt;/U&gt;, May 15 - 17. 1992.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;26. Coriden, et. Al. &lt;U&gt;The Code of Canon Law&lt;/U&gt;. Paulist Press. 1985.&lt;/P&gt;
&lt;P&gt;27. Smolinski, D. &lt;U&gt;Canonical Reflections on Pastoral Emergency and the Use of Married Priests in the Catholic Church&lt;/U&gt;. Catholic Resource Center. Framingham, MA. 1995.&lt;/P&gt;
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	    <title>카톨릭의 구석 구석</title>
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		    <name>푸르름</name>
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	    <updated>2009-10-30T00:54:37Z</updated>
	    <published>2009-10-30T00:54:37Z</published>
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&lt;CENTER&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT face=&quot;Times New Roman,Times&quot;&gt;Special Edition # 1&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2002 A.D.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT face=&quot;Times New Roman,Times&quot;&gt;Editor:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Jacobus Maria DeJesus, C.M.F., D.D.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT face=&quot;Times New Roman,Times&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Patriarcha Veteris Romani Ritus&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
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&lt;DIV style=&quot;TEXT-ALIGN: justify&quot;&gt;This is the photographic evidence that the pope of the &lt;I&gt;Vatican 2&lt;/I&gt; church, pope JP-2,&amp;nbsp; a.k.a.&amp;nbsp; pope John-Paul 2, Karol Wyotya&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt; [Monday, October 16, 1978 - present] &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=+2&gt;was publicly exorcised &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=+2&gt;&lt;FONT color=#ff0000&gt;by a PAGAN AZTEC rite of exorcism &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;in the MESS HALL where the Miraculous Picture of Our Lady of Guadalupe has been hung!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000 size=3&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000 size=+2&gt;Some American television news reports also correctly identified this &quot;ceremony&quot; as an &quot;EXORCISM&quot;!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;But &quot;no man can serve two masters. For either he will hate the one, and love the other: or he will sustain the one, and despise the other. You can NOT serve God and mammon&quot;. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;(Matthew Chapter 6:24; emphasis added)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;&quot;HE that is not with Me, IS AGAINST ME: and HE that gathereth not with Me, SCATTERETH.&quot;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;(Matthew Chapter 12:30; emphasis added).&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;&quot;And to the angel [i.e. Bishop] of the Church of Sardis, write:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; These things saith He, that hath the Seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars: &lt;U&gt;I know thy &lt;STRIKE&gt;works&lt;/STRIKE&gt;&lt;/U&gt;, that &lt;U&gt;thou hast the name of being alive:&lt;/U&gt; and THOU ART DEAD.&amp;nbsp; Be watchful and strengthen the things that remain, which are ready to die. For I FIND NOT thy works complete [acceptable] before My God. Have in mind [remember] therefore in what manner thou hast received and heard [i.e. the Catholic Tradition]:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;&amp;nbsp;and &lt;U&gt;OBSERVE&lt;/U&gt; [it], and &lt;U&gt;DO PENANCE&lt;/U&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;U&gt;IF&lt;/U&gt; then THOU SHALT &lt;U&gt;NOT&lt;/U&gt; watch, I WILL COME TO THEE as a thief, and THOU SHALT NOT KNOW AT WHAT HOUR I WILL COME TO [JUDGE] THEE.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;(Apocalypse 3:1-3; emphasis added).&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;Therefore, it should be self-evident to everyone in the entire world that this Pagan Aztec public exorcism which was performed by several Aztec Priestesses upon the Vatican 2 church pope, JP-2,&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;was an effort to drive out the Devils - this is WHAT an Exorcism is - which posses the pope of the Vatican 2 church, pope JP-2, a.k.a.&amp;nbsp; pope John-Paul 2!!!&amp;nbsp; This took place on Thursday, August 1, 2002 A.D.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT face=&quot;Times New Roman,Times&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=+3&gt;This Issue:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;Reparation Needed to Our Lady of Guadalupe for this &lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT color=#ff0000&gt;PAGAN&lt;/FONT&gt; ritual of exorcism&lt;/U&gt;&amp;nbsp; Performed in the MESS HALL where her Miraculous Image has been hung!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#ff0000&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;&lt;I&gt;Vatican 2&lt;/I&gt; church pope, JP-2, must return to the MESS HALL where the Miraculous Image&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#ff0000&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;of Our Lady of Guadalupe has been hung and do public Penance in sackcloth and ashes before her Miraculous Picture before God calls him to Judgment!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;I&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;FONT size=+2&gt;Plus&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;Various photos of&lt;FONT color=#ff0000&gt; popes of the &lt;I&gt;Vatican 2&lt;/I&gt; church &lt;/FONT&gt;doing other things forbidden to &lt;I&gt;Roman &lt;/I&gt;Catholics!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;I&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;FONT size=+2&gt;Plus&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;A brief review of some things regarding the changes to the Catholic Traditional Rite of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
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&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT face=&quot;Times New Roman,Times&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=+3&gt;Editorial&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;IMG src=&quot;http://catholic.shrineofsaintjude.net/02-coa.jpg&quot; width=239 height=255&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT face=&quot;Times New Roman,Times&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;Dear Fellow Catholics:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;I&gt;&lt;FONT size=+3&gt;Charitas Christi urget Nos.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&quot;The Charity of Christ urges us on&quot;&lt;/B&gt; (2 Corinthians 5:14). &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;This is the motto on Our Coat of Arms.&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Unfortunately, today many people do not really know and/or understand what &lt;FONT size=+1&gt;True Charity&lt;/FONT&gt; really is.&amp;nbsp; Whereas perhaps in previous Centuries it might have been unnecessary to define Charity, yet because of the apparent great confusion in the minds of many millions and millions of people today, in great part as the result of the propagation of the heresies of Modernism, who have in this process lost what some authors call &quot;the Catholic mind&quot; or &quot;Catholic mentality&quot;, with the definition of Charity below, We take that first step towards the restoration of &quot;the Catholic mind&quot; or &quot;Catholic mentality&quot; so that Catholics in particular and non-Catholics in general may have a more correct knowledge and understanding of charity.&lt;/B&gt; 
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;What is Charity?&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&quot;CHARITY (Love).&lt;/B&gt;&amp;nbsp; Charity is the first and foremost of all Christian virtues, including the theological virtues, to which it belongs. Because charity is the primary, essential effect of sanctifying grace, the terms &lt;I&gt;grace&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;charity&lt;/I&gt; are used interchangeably. Grace and charity are not identical. but are intimately connected as fire and heat, sun and light. Grace elevates and perfects nature and the will indirectly, by producing within the will the virtue of charity, which is the perfection of the will. Grace and charity are expressions of supernatural life, grace in the line of being and charity in the line of action. Charity causes man to love God, who loves man directly. On the strength of such reciprocal love, charity constitutes true friendship with God.&amp;nbsp; In Christ's own words: 'I will not now call you servants...but friends' (John 15:15). 
&lt;P&gt;OBJECT. The person loved constitutes the object of charity. The object of supernatural charity is twofold: the primary object is God Himself; the secondary object is man destined to become a child of God through grace or participation in divine life. Through charity we love all men; we love all men precisely because they are children of God. Though charity has a twofold object, it is essentially one; we either possess charity in its entirety or we lack it completely. For this reason St. John teaches that 'if a man says he loves God and hates his brother, he is a liar.' For this reason, too. Christ states that love of neighbor is the sign by which we shall be recognized as His disciples (John 13:35). 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;I&gt;The love of God &lt;/I&gt;consists in desiring the divine good, in loving God for His own sake. This love is primarily expressed through an internal act of the will, whereby we desire and rejoice at the fact that God is infinitely good, omnipotent and loving in Himself. Thus, the first three petitions of the Lord's Prayer are sublime expressions of our love of God. Furthermore, this love is expressed by external works designed to promote the divine good, insofar as this can be attained by our activities. These include:&amp;nbsp; the observance of God's commandments, a conformity to His manifest will, the promotion of His honor and glory, by making Him known and loved by others, etc. 
&lt;P&gt;EMINENCE. Charity, which prompts us to love God Himself and His adopted children and our fellowmen, is the most eminent of all Christian virtues. Proof of this is found in Christ's reference to the love of God and neighbor as the first and greatest commandment. This is not to say that charity enjoys a primacy of value over all other moral precepts. Its primacy is one of degree. The precept of charity is an altogether special precept, since charity is the reason and purpose for the observance of other precepts. To love God is the purpose of life. God, the highest good and ultimate end of life. can only be attained through love. It is only because we are bound to love God that we are required to observe the other commandments. In other words, if we arc obliged to pray, forbidden to work on Sunday, forbidden to blaspheme, etc., it is because such precepts are necessary to preserve and increase the love of God in us. And if we are obliged to honor our parents, forbidden to kill, steal, lie, etc., it is only because such precepts are necessary to preserve and increase proper love of self and neighbor. All the other precepts depend on the commandment of charity, in the same way that the morality of the means employed in the performance of our actions depends upon our end in view. Hence, St. Paul calls charity the plenitude or fulfillment of the Law (moral). He who loves God, self, and neighbor with a &lt;I&gt;true&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;operative&lt;/I&gt; love that dominates his entire activity. always performs good, because to love is to want good and nothing else. This is the profound meaning of St. Augustine's words: 'Love and do whatever you will.' He who wants good, because he loves and does whatever he wills, always does good. 
&lt;P&gt;The cause of charity is God, i.e., the Triune God or the three Divine Persons together. But the virtue of charity is especially attributed to the Holy Ghost, who is the Person of the reciprocal love between the Father and the Son. God infuses charity with sanctifying grace, which makes us His adopted children and permits us to call Him &lt;I&gt;our Father&lt;/I&gt;. God also increases charity within us, once it has been infused. In children not vet possessing the use of reason, the infusion of charity is effected by God alone, without any cooperation on their part. This God accomplishes through baptism, the administration of which, however, requires human cooperation. In a person who has attained the use of reason, neither infusion nor increase of charity can take place without the subject's cooperation, the final act of which. at least, is an act of charity. We collaborate in the increase of charity by performing acts of love, by assisting at Mass, by receiving the sacraments. especially Holy Communion, by praying, by performing good and meritorious deeds in the state of grace. We collaborate in two ways: (a) by disposing ourselves toward a more fervent act of love in the performance of the above-mentioned deeds; b) by actually eliciting a more fervent act of love. A more fervent act of love actually increases the degree of charity, which, once acquired, abides within us. Mortal sin removes charity entirely.&amp;nbsp; Venial sin does not diminish charity as such, but decreases its fervor and, as a result, hinders any increase.&amp;nbsp; A Christian must not only avoid losing charity through mortal sin, but he must strive to increase the charity he already possesses, by avoiding venial sin, performing good works, frequenting the sacraments, eliciting fervent acts of love of God. 
&lt;P&gt;Charity toward one's neighbor prompt us, first of all, to seek the good of our fellowmen, i.e., to desire the well-being of our neighbor as our own. Love of neighbor manifests itself in external acts designed to procure, as far as lies within us, the well-being of our fellowmen. The main difference between love of God and love of neighbor consists in this, that the good or well-being of our fellowmen is more dependent on our assistance and cooperation. God is not. Charity prompts us to avoid, as much as possible, whatever may bring displeasure, sadness, suffering, or injury to our neighbor. On the positive side, it prompts us to do everything possible to render our neighbor's life good and happy. The words “as much as possible” refer not to absolute, but moral, possibility. 
&lt;P&gt;Love itself must be without limitations, but the external acts of charity are necessarily subject to the limitations of our powers and means. Our power, time, and goods can only be expended to relieve a specific need of a neighbor.&amp;nbsp; Moreover, since everyone is bound to love self, it is perfectly legitimate to provide for one's own needs first. Indeed, in some instances this is a matter of duty. The rule of charity may be formulated as follows:&amp;nbsp; Love God first, then yourself, lastly others; but genuinely love all three. This general rule gives rise to certain regulatory norms of a well-ordered charity:&amp;nbsp; (a) never help yourself or your neighbor if that means offending God;&amp;nbsp; (b) love of neighbor does not oblige one to succor the needs of another at the expense of incurring similar damage or inconvenience to self; (c) perfect charity consists in extending aid when there is no strict obligation to do so, to make sacrifices beyond the call of duty, to reduce personal needs in order to lend greater assistance to a neighbor (see Neighbor, Almsgiving, Enemy). 
&lt;P&gt;It is to be well understood, however, that assisting the needy is but a small part of the practice of love of neighbor. Many Christians do not sufficiently realize that charity must be effectively or externally practiced toward any person with whom they come into contact. 
&lt;P&gt;Charity must animate all our activities and make us kind, helpful, and courteous to all: superiors, equals and subordinates; rich and poor; one's own family and strangers. Charity demands that we strive to check our own whims and to correct any defects of character or manners that make us unkind, discourteous, or unpleasant in our dealings and conversations with others. 
&lt;P&gt;The thought of charity to others renders life happier. The principal motive must be that, in loving our neighbor, we love Christ, who said: “That which you have done to the least of these my brethren. you have done it to me.” Christ. who is present in our neighbor, expects to receive from us not only alms and other material assistance, but also courteous and kind treatment. Ben.&quot; &lt;FONT size=-1&gt;(DICTIONARY OF MORAL THEOLOGY, Compiled under the direction of Francesco Cardinal Roberti, Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, Edited under the direction of Monsignor Pietro Palazzini, Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of the Council, Translated from the Second Italian Edition Under the Direction of Henry J. Yannone, S.T.L., &lt;B&gt;Charity,&lt;/B&gt; pp. 211-213).&lt;/FONT&gt; 
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;How is the Virtue of Charity Exercised&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;in the Pastoral Ministry?&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Because &quot;Pastoral Authority is no art of compromise and concession, but the art of saving souls through the truth&quot; &lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT size=-1&gt;(Giuseppe Cardinal Siri, Archbishop of Genoa, Italy [born in Genoa, Italy on May 20, 1906 - died May 2, 1989]&lt;/FONT&gt;; emphasis added),&lt;B&gt; it should be self-evident that, just as is the case with natural or biological parents, so too, is the case with spiritual parents, which includes not only God-Parents but also Prelates and Priests, both natural and spiritual parents are NOT in a popularity contest, either with their biological or spiritual children.&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Rather, all parents, biological and spiritual, exercise the Virtue of Charity by warning their children of any and all dangers to them. That is part of the job description all parents have.&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;So, in other words, Our purpose in presenting all of this data, whether texts, photographs, etc., and not just in this edition of &lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT face=&quot;CloisterBlack BT&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;Catholic, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;B&gt;but in all of its editions in particular and in all of Our work in general, is really the proper exercise of the Virtue of Charity which is expressed in various actions which We do for the Greater Honor and Glory of God and the Salvation of Immortal Souls through, among other means, this &lt;FONT face=&quot;ParkAvenue BT&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;News, Informational, and Educational, Ecclesiastical Journal Dedicated to Preserving the Authentic Apostolic Tradition of the Catholic Church On Subjects and Issues of Importance to the Catholic Church.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;One example of how the Virtue of Charity was the motive used and thereupon exercised in the Pastoral Ministry is that of the famous Patriarch of Constantinople, who was a Spiritual Father, and also a Father of the Catholic Church.&amp;nbsp; He writes:&amp;nbsp; “Cease labouring in vain and sowing upon rock many have been saying to me. But I hearkened to none of them.&amp;nbsp; For there is hope I said to myself that, God willing, my letter will accomplish something; but if that which We deprecate should take place, We shall at least have the advantage of escaping self reproach for keeping silence, and We shall not be worse than sailors on the sea, who, when they behold men of their own craft drifting on a plank, because their ship has been broken to pieces by the winds and waves, take down their sails, and cast anchor, and get into a boat and try to rescue the men, although strangers, known to them only in consequence of their calamity. But if the others were unwilling to be rescued, no one would accuse those of their destruction who attempted to save them. This is what We offer; but We trust that, by the Grace of God, YOU also will do your part” &lt;/B&gt;(Saint John Chrysostom [b. Antioch c. 347 A.D. - d. Comana, Pontus 407 A.D.], Patriarch of Constantinople, Father and Doctor of the Catholic Church, TREATISE ON THE PRIESTHOOD, BOOK I.,&amp;nbsp; AN EXHORTATION TO THEODORE AFTER HIS FALL, LETTER II, # 5; emphasis added). 
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;Charity Requires a Prelate to be Responsible in&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;the Discharge of the Duties of His God-Given Office&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;This also explains why We have taken this wisdom to heart from a Brother Bishop:&amp;nbsp; &quot;Do not be one of those timourous physicians who like their tranquility more than the saving of the sick...Even though Herodias should dance before Herod, should ask for John's head and should obtain it from the detestable King, John's duty is to cry out: 'NON LICET!' [It is not permitted!]&quot;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/B&gt;(Bishop Ivo of Chartres [b. Beauvais, France, c. 1040 A.D. - d. Chartres, France, May 30, 1116 A.D.], LETTER # 24, to Bishop Hugh of Lyons, October, 1094 A.D.) 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;B&gt;So, to all of the anti-Catholic public actions of the Vatican 2 popes, including those proven by the various photographs of them, which are found in this edition of &lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT face=&quot;CloisterBlack BT&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;Catholic, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;B&gt;BECAUSE of Charity, We have no other choice before God but to speak out with a loud voice to all of the Vatican 2 popes NON LICET to their public anti-Catholic actions and to remind them of their automatic excommunications from the Roman Catholic Church.&amp;nbsp; Please keep in mind that these photographs are not of Us doing anti-Catholic things; rather, of various Vatican 2 popes doing anti-Catholic things!&amp;nbsp; So do NOT condemn Us just because We present photographic evidence to you about a Vatican 2 pope doing something which you do not want to know about because of affected ignorance or some kind of denial!&amp;nbsp; On the contrary, IF We did NOT do this, then this omission in the proper exercise of Our God-Given Offices would be a proof that We HATED the Vatican 2 popes and did not extend the hand of Charity to them!&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; 
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;A Spiritual Father&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Perhaps some of you still do not get it?&amp;nbsp; If so, then consider this analogy.&amp;nbsp; Does a Mother who warns, and perhaps even spanks her child whom she observes is about to touch the enticing pretty blue flame of the gas stove, exercising the Virtue of Charity or is she exercising one of the seven capital sins, namely, anger?&amp;nbsp; In other words, is the action of such a Mother motivated by love or by hatred?&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;IF the Mother was actually angry with her child or actually HATED her child, that Mother would simply NOT WARN her child and, falling prey to the vice of secular humanism, the philosophy of which seems to be &quot;If it feels good, do it&quot;, such a Mother, in dereliction of part of the duties of her Office as a Parent, in this case, as a Mother, would impute to her child that for her child it must feel good to want to touch the enticing pretty blue flame on the gas stove so the child should do it, without care or regard for the penalty, for the censure, for the very bad effects of such a dangerous action!&amp;nbsp; In the jurisprudence of various countries, including the United States of America, that would be considered to be a type of child endangerment and certainly child neglect.&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;So also then, the same thing in true in the Religious/Spiritual Life!&amp;nbsp; A Spiritual Father has the duty and obligation to warn others, no matter who they are, of disastrous dangers if they perform an act which would hurt their immortal souls by sin.&amp;nbsp; IF We hated such a person, We would remain silent and say nothing - of course, this does presuppose that We knew about the event or situation or whatever &lt;I&gt;a priori.&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;On the other hand, unlike in the material world, where a child would have a bad burn and a disfigured hand and fingers perhaps the rest of its life, in the Religious/Spiritual world one's soul can be restored from the disfigurement of Mortal Sin to its previous state of Sanctifying Grace in which such disfigurements are totally healed, especially after all of the temporal punishment due to such Mortal Sins have been effaced!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;This is why NON LICET is such an important warning to the Vatican 2 pope whom We love in the proper exercise of the Virtue of Charity which loves each person as a child of God and which loves each person through God, just as God loves each of His children, including the Vatican 2 popes.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Some of you may think that We are being harsh on JP-2 or that We hate &lt;U&gt;him&lt;/U&gt;-in justice all real Catholics should hate the &lt;U&gt;anti-Catholic deeds&lt;/U&gt; he has done which are intrinsically evil and which drag millions and millions and millions of ignorant/innocent souls to Hell.&amp;nbsp; Therefore, We hate WHAT JP-2 and the other Vatican 2 popes have done, not WHO they are in and of themselves as individual persons, i.e. as children of God, whom We love in True Charity as children of God.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;pope John-Paul 2&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;and&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;Karol Wyotya&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;True, sometimes it is difficult for som&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;eone else to ascertain Our distinctions between the actions of a person and the person himself, e.g. JP-2.&amp;nbsp; This is why under &lt;FONT face=&quot;Times New Roman,Times&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;This Issue&lt;/FONT&gt; the caption reads &quot;&lt;/FONT&gt;Vatican 2 church pope, JP-2, Must Return to the MESS HALL where the Miraculous Image Our Lady of Guadalupe has been hung And Do Public Penance in Sackcloth and Ashes Before Her Miraculous Picture Before God Calls him to Judgment!&quot; because We refer directly, although in a condensed way because of the nature of captions, to the pope of the &lt;I&gt;Vatican 2&lt;/I&gt; church.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;The term &quot;the Vatican 2 church&quot; is based upon the &lt;I&gt;Roman&lt;/I&gt; Catholic theological principle of &lt;I&gt;lex orandi, lex credendi.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/I&gt; Please refer to&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;FONT face=&quot;CloisterBlack BT&quot;&gt;&lt;FONT size=+2&gt;Catholic&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT face=&quot;Times New Roman,Times&quot;&gt;Volume 2, Issue 3, March 1, 1997 A.D.,&amp;nbsp; &quot;&lt;/FONT&gt;What is The 'Vatican 2' church?&quot;, for a more detailed explantion), namely pope John-Paul 2, Karol Wyotya [Monday, October 16, 1978 - present].&amp;nbsp; This is what the word &quot;pope&quot; means in this caption.&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Please note that We did NOT write:&amp;nbsp; &lt;FONT face=&quot;Times New Roman,Times&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;U&gt;Karol Wyotya&lt;/U&gt; Must Return to the MESS HALL...And do Public Penance in Sackcloth and Ashes....&quot;&amp;nbsp; The point is that &lt;U&gt;it is as the pope of the Vatican 2 church that pope John-Paul 2&lt;/U&gt; must return to her Mess Hall and do public penance in sackcloth and ashes, but &lt;U&gt;not as the private person Karol Wyotya.&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;Please Note:&amp;nbsp; A &lt;I&gt;MESS HALL,&lt;/I&gt; like a RESTAURANT, is a public place where people eat a MEAL, and since the Vatican 2 church exclusively uses the modernized and otherwise updated 16th Century Protestant Supper Memorial Meal, it is only logical that the places WHERE these Supper Memorial Meals are eaten should be called MESS HALLS!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;It is the official teaching of the &lt;I&gt;Vatican 2&lt;/I&gt; church, found in various places, e.g. Synod Vatican 2 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;[Thursday, October 11, 1962 - Wednesday, December 8, 1965] &lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;documents, which teach, along with other heretics condenmned by the Roman Catholic Church, which include the likes of John Scotus Eriugena,&lt;/FONT&gt; &lt;/B&gt;[b. Paris, 810 A.D. - d. 877 A.D.]&lt;B&gt;, &lt;FONT size=+1&gt;and&amp;nbsp; Berengar of Tours, a.k.a. Berengarius of Tours, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;[b. 999 A.D. - d. 1088 A.D.]&lt;B&gt;, &lt;FONT size=+1&gt;that the Mass is merely and only a &quot;memorial meal&quot; called a &quot;supper&quot; or a &quot;supper meal&quot; or a &quot;memorial supper meal&quot;, or a &quot;supper memorial meal&quot;, etc.!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Historiclaly such &quot;supper meal&quot; mania has been condemned by the Roman Catholic Church.&amp;nbsp; The book, “De Divisione Naturae [851 A.D.]”, by John Scotus Eriugena, the Father of anti-Scholasticism, was bad enough because it was filled with the heresies of Pantheism, and was formally condemned by the Council of Paris [1225 A.D.] which coupled the condemnation of Eriugena's book with the previous condemnations in 1210 A.D. of the heretical doctrines of Amalric of Chartres and David of Dinant.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;But what really earned John Scotus Eriugena his well-deserved condemnations was another book he wrote, &quot;De Corpore et Sanguine Domini&quot; in which he denies&amp;nbsp; the Mystery of the Transubstantiation among other things!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Here are some examples of where and when he was condemned by the &lt;I&gt;Roman&lt;/I&gt; Catholic Church for his heretical attacks against the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;1) by the Council of Valence in 855 A.D. which called his heresies&lt;I&gt; pultes Scotorum&lt;/I&gt; - the Scottish hodgepodge;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;2) by the Council of Valencia in 855 A.D.;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;3) by the Council of Langres in 859 A.D.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Finally, this heretic was killed by his own pupils!&amp;nbsp; Apparently they could no longer stomach his meal or supper heresies?&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Bishop Jacques Bénigne Bossuet [1627 - 1704], Bishop of Meaux, states that the book of Eriugena (&quot;De Corpore et Sanguine Domini&quot; was “an ambiguous book, where certainly the author [John Scotus Eriugena] did not always understand himself” [Bossuet, HISTORY OF THE VARIATIONS OF THE PROTESTANT CHURCHES, Book IV, no. 32.]; emphasis added).&amp;nbsp; Unfortunately, this heresy was also utilized by the heretic, Berengar of Tours, and later by the 16th Century Protestants and the 20th Century Modernists.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;The heretic, Berengar of Tours, a.k.a. Berengarius of Tours, [999 A.D. -1088 A.D.], was also condemned for his heretical teachings against the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass by the &lt;I&gt;Roman&lt;/I&gt; Catholic Church at various times and places.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Here are some examples of where and when he was condemned by the &lt;I&gt;Roman&lt;/I&gt; Catholic Church for his heretical attacks against the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;1)&amp;nbsp; by the Council of Rheims in 1049 A.D.;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;2) by the Council of Rome of 1050 A.D. (a.k.a. the Lateran Council of 1050 A.D.);&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;3) by&amp;nbsp; the Council of Vercelli of 1050 A.D.;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;4) by the Synod of Paris in 1051 A.D.;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;5) by the Council of Tours, c. April, 1054 A.D.;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;6) by the Council of Rome, 1059 A.D.;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;7) by the Councils of Poitiers of 1075 A.D.;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;8) and, by the Council of St. Maixeut of 1076 A.D.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Therefore, NO ONE can ever take the position that the &lt;I&gt;Roman&lt;/I&gt; Catholic Church has NEVER condemned, &lt;I&gt;a priori&lt;/I&gt;, the heretical teachings of the heretical and apostate &lt;I&gt;Vatican 2&lt;/I&gt; church and its heretical and apostate popes, cardinals, bishops, priests, etc., especially on the issue that the &quot;The Lord's &lt;FONT size=+2&gt;SUPPER&lt;/FONT&gt; is the assembly or gathering together of the people of God, with a priest presiding, to celebrate the &lt;FONT size=+2&gt;MEMORIAL&lt;/FONT&gt; of the lord. [12]&quot; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;(THE GENERAL INSTRUCTION AND THE NEW ORDER OF MASS, ICEL-International Committee on English in the Liturgy-Sacred Congregation of Rites Decree, Sunday, April 6, 1969 A.D., Benno Card. Gut, Prefect of the S.R.C., President of the Consilium, Chapter II, # 7; emphasis added.)&lt;/FONT&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;God knows the actual motives and intentions which We have and which We have had regarding pope John-Paul 2 which is really the same as We had regarding another pope of the &lt;I&gt;Vatican 2&lt;/I&gt; church, namely, pope Paul 6, Giovanni Battista Montini [Friday, June 21, 1963 - Sunday, August 6, 1978], to whom We wrote a PRIVATE Letter on Wednesday, June 29, 1977 which was, in essence, a NON LICET letter-all of which is done in True Charity; not false Charity and most certainly not in a hatred of the person &lt;I&gt;per se&lt;/I&gt; as a child of God&lt;I&gt;.&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;False Judges&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Unfortunately, some people (Here We address them specifically.) &quot;who strain out a gnat, and swallow a camel&quot; &lt;/B&gt;(Matthew 23:24)&lt;B&gt;, seeking to construe at least a shadow of scandal over which to take offense for their own purposes (whether to try to deride Us, or to discredit Us or Our teachings or Our warnings or Our Office) against Our exercise of Our Office, fail to make the necessary distinctions between me as an individual person and the actions Our Office requires Us to take, for example warning others with and because of NON LICET, and instead impute the actions said duty requires of Us, to some kind of major flaw in Our personal character, e.g. the capital sin of pride and/or anger, simply because they desperately want to read into Our official acts, or at least Our semi-official acts, what their prejudices lustfully seek for their own agendas, or to otherwise examine such things in a non-spiritual way!&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;This last point is the same purport of the Scripture which God the Holy Ghost has given to us through the Apostle:&amp;nbsp; &quot;So the things also that are of God no man knoweth, but the Spirit of God.&amp;nbsp; Now we have received not the spirit of this world, but the Spirit that is of God; that we may know the things that are given us from God. Which things also we speak, not in the learned words of human wisdom; but in the doctrine of the Spirit, comparing spiritual things with spiritual. &lt;FONT size=+1&gt;But the sensual man perceiveth not these things that are of the Spirit of God; for it is foolishness to him, and he cannot understand, because it is &lt;U&gt;spiritually&lt;/U&gt; examined&lt;/FONT&gt;&quot;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT size=-1&gt; (1 Corinthians 2:11-14; emphasis added).&lt;/FONT&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;The irony is that at least some of these people are also some of the ac&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;tual victims of the Vatican 2 church and apparently are either tired of Our warnings, do not want to be warned, or condemn Us because We have warned them because their actions seem to indicate that they prefer to sit in the cesspool of affected ignorance thinking that somehow this will &quot;save them&quot; from the Wrath of God on the Day of Judgment?!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;On the contrary, &quot;Affected ignorance does not excuse from guilt, but rather a&lt;/FONT&gt;ggravates it since it shows that a man is so strongly attached to sin that he wishes to incur ignorance lest he avoid sinning.&amp;nbsp; The Jews therefore sinned, as crucifiers not only of the Man-Christ, but also as of God&quot; &lt;/B&gt;(Saint Thomas Aquinas, O.P., [b. 1225 A.D. in Rocca Secca, Naples, Italy - d. 1274 A.D. in Fossa Nuova, Italy], Doctor of the Church, SUMMA THEOLOGICA&amp;nbsp; III, 47, 5 Reply to Objection 3). 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Perhaps a brief analogy is in order at this point to help to clarify some of this?&amp;nbsp; The warnings We give others are frequently treated with hostility!&amp;nbsp; This is not a logical reaction but is an emotional reaction.&amp;nbsp; In the secular world, which does not understand the spiritual world, it would be like a police officer stopping a motorist and warning the motorist that if he would continue driving down the street to the bottom of the hill, he would drive his car into a rushing river, created by a very heavy rainfall.&amp;nbsp; But, instead of the motorist thanking the police officer for his kind and charitable warning, because he is doing his job and also because he is concerned for the welfare of this motorist, the motorist begins cursing and swearing at the police officer and calling him all kinds of nasty names and accuses the police officer of being insane, inane, or ignorant and stupid, not to mention rude and insulting, and tells the police officer that he takes personal offense at his arrogant attitude, and demands that the police officer leave him alone and not to bother him, not to talk with him and more, that the police officer should be ashamed of himself for his bitter zeal, and that the police officer must leave immediately, get out of that place, and go home, and then the motorist, filled with anger and hatred for the&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt; police officer, drives off, down the hill, at a high rate of speed, unable to wait to drown himself in the flood waters at the bottom of the hill.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Frequently, this irrational and anti-spiritual behavior is what We have to deal with too frequently!&amp;nbsp; This is how We feel when We try to warn others about the Vatican 2 church, its pope and clergy, especially its homosexual - pedophile clergy, its invalid rites for the Mass and the Seven Sacraments, its catechism of heresy, its anti-Catholic actions in public, etc., etc., etc.!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Then some of these people have the audacity to want to judge Us saying that We have fallen into the pit of that &quot;bitter zeal&quot; condemned by the holy Apostle, Saint Jam&lt;/FONT&gt;es the Just, the first Patriarch of Jerusalem, and a first-cousin of Our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ.&amp;nbsp; Yes, it is true that Saint James the Just does condemn &quot;bitter zeal&quot; where he writes:&amp;nbsp; &quot;But if you have bitter zeal, and there be contentions in your hearts; glory not, and be not liars against the truth&quot; &lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT size=-1&gt;(James 3:14)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;B&gt;.&amp;nbsp; Have We been guilty of falling into &quot;bitter zeal&quot; in the past?&amp;nbsp; Most certainly We have-there is no question about it!&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;However, by the Grace of God, God the Holy Ghost pointed this out to Us during one of Our meditations, whether before or after offering the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, We no longer remember.&amp;nbsp; Ever since that time, many years ago, We have written about this, warning others not to fall into this pit of bitter zeal and have even preached on this very subject!&amp;nbsp; Since that time, to the best of Our knowledge, by the Grace of God in answering Our prayers, We have not fallen back into bitter zeal.&amp;nbsp; &lt;I&gt;Deo Gratias et Mariae!&amp;nbsp; Semper Deo Gratias et Mariae!&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;One of the very first things We learned about the Spiritual Life when We entered the seminary, now so many, many years ago, was &lt;I&gt;Virtus stat in medio.&lt;/I&gt;&amp;nbsp; &quot;Virtue stands in the middle.&quot;&amp;nbsp; This simply means that virtue avoids extremes and We have, by the Grace of God, tried to avoid becoming an extremist, but to remain balanced.&amp;nbsp; Obviously &quot;bitter zeal&quot; is an extreme of a negative type of zeal in contradistinction to Holy Zeal which is obviously a positive zeal.&amp;nbsp; So&amp;nbsp; Holy Zeal, in and of itself, is something which is good.&amp;nbsp; Reflect, for a moment on the Holy Zeal for the Greater Honor and Glory of God and the Salvation of Souls which Jesus Christ Himself had, as this Scripture proves:&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&quot;And the pasch of the Jews was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem.&amp;nbsp; And He found in the temple them that sold oxen and sheep and doves, and the changers of money sitting.&amp;nbsp; And when He had made, as it were, a scourge of little cords, He drove them all out of the temple, the sheep also and the oxen, and the money of the changers He poured out, and the tables He overthrew.&amp;nbsp; And to them that sold doves He said:&amp;nbsp; Take these things hence, and make not the house of My Father a house of traffic.&amp;nbsp; And His disciples remembered, that it was written &lt;/B&gt;[as a prophecy]&lt;B&gt;:&amp;nbsp; 'The &lt;U&gt;zeal&lt;/U&gt; of Thy house hath eaten Me up' &lt;/B&gt;[Psalm 68:10]&lt;B&gt;&quot; &lt;/B&gt;(John 2:13-17)&lt;B&gt;.&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Logic would ask if these actions of Jesus Christ in scourging the money changers who were sitting in the temple and driving them out of the temple along with their sheep and oxen, plus pouring out their money on the ground and overthrowing their tables and warning the dove sellers to get out and not to make &quot;the house of My Father a house of traffic&quot;, as recorded in the Gospel of Saint John, just quoted above, were all acts of the negative &quot;bitter zeal&quot;?&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;Answer:&amp;nbsp; Of course not!&amp;nbsp; On the contrary, this was an act of the positive Holy Zeal, not of the negative &quot;bitter zeal&quot;, because God the Holy Ghost had prophecized this event through the pen of David in his Psalm, writing:&amp;nbsp; &quot;'The &lt;U&gt;zeal&lt;/U&gt; of Thy house hath eaten Me up' &lt;/B&gt;[Psalm 68:10]. &lt;B&gt;God the Holy Ghost, in His prophecy of this event, did NOT call it &quot;bitter zeal&quot;, although He did call it ZEAL!&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Despite the fact that Saint John did not record it, the condemnation or reproach of Christ for His Holy Zeal, was also prophecized! Immediately after the first part of this prophecy, came the second:&amp;nbsp; &quot;For the &lt;U&gt;zeal&lt;/U&gt; of Thy house hath eaten Me up: and &lt;U&gt;the reproaches of them that reproached Thee&lt;/U&gt; &lt;U&gt;are fallen upon Me&lt;/U&gt;&quot; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;[Psalm 68:10].&lt;/FONT&gt; 
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;A Den of Spiritual Thieves&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;So this &quot;den of thieves&quot; reproached and condemned Christ for His Holy Zeal!&amp;nbsp; As a matter of fact, this was when the leaders of the Jews made the decision to kill Christ!&amp;nbsp; It is written:&amp;nbsp; &quot;And they came to Jerusalem.&amp;nbsp; And when He was entered into the temple, He began to cast out them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the chairs of them that sold doves.&amp;nbsp; And He suffered not that any man should carry a vessel through the temple;&amp;nbsp; And He taught, saying to them:&amp;nbsp; Is it not written, My house shall be called the house of prayer to all nations?&amp;nbsp; But &lt;U&gt;you have made it a den of thieves&lt;/U&gt;.&amp;nbsp; Which when the chief priests and the scribes had heard, &lt;U&gt;they sought how they might destroy Him&lt;/U&gt;&quot; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;(Mark 11:15-18).&lt;/FONT&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Since even before Synod Vatican 2 [Thursday, October 11, 1962 - Wednesday, December 8, 1965], but more especially during and now after it, the Vatican has become the modern-day counterpart to this den of thieves with whom Christ dealt with a Holy Zeal!&amp;nbsp; But these modern-day &quot;thieves&quot; are primarily trying to steal souls for their master, Satan.&amp;nbsp; The modern-day den of spiritual thieves are trying to steal souls by various means.&amp;nbsp; For example, through the various changes they implemented before, but especially during and after Synod Vatican 2.&amp;nbsp; This den of spiritual thieves have stolen the liturgical rites for the Catholic Traditional Rites for the Mass and the Seven Sacraments!&amp;nbsp; But since nothing exists in a vacuum, this den of spiritual thieves realized that, just as the den of spiritual thieves of the 16th Century, they had to replace the real thing with the fakes and phonies!&amp;nbsp; So the changes made by this den of spiritual thieves at Synod Vatican 2, under the leadership of the Vatican 2 pope, were actually intended to INVALIDATE the Catholic Traditional Rites for the Mass and the Seven Sacraments!&amp;nbsp; After presenting these sham gems which this den of thieves put together in their Satanic workships to replace of the real spiritual gems which Christ Himself instituted, they then set about to do the same to the Roman Catholic Catholic Faith and have produced a compendium of heretical teachings which this den of spiritual thieves propagates under the name of a &quot;catechism&quot; to destroy the Roman Catholic Faith!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;We Reveal the Den of Spiritual Thieves&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Therefore, whenever We speak, write, teach or preach about these horrible things which this den of spiritual thieves in the Vatican 2 church have done, who all follow the examples and leadership of the pope of the Vatican 2 church, some people get very upset at Our ZEAL which they mistake for a negative &quot;bitter zeal&quot;, unjustly juxtaposing the evil this den of spiritual thieves have done and continue to do to souls with Our revelation to them and explanation to them of these spiritual evils caused by this den of spiritual thieves which ends up imputing to Us evil while totally ignoring the actual evils the den of spiritual thieves of the Vatican 2 church, under the personal leadership of pope JP-2 have done!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;On the contrary, We are simply imitating Jesus Christ Who in Just Anger took Holy Action, through Holy Zeal, against the den of thieves of His day!&amp;nbsp; Because such people are lukewarm, they are ignorant of what true Holy Zeal really is!&amp;nbsp; In this way, after imputing to Us the gross evil of the den of spiritual thieves, they then accuse and castigate Us for having the negative &quot;bitter zeal&quot;, which charge is contrary to the truth.&amp;nbsp; Sadly, they are in darkness because they love not the truth and have been condemned by God to believe lies and errors so that they end up by calling the evil which the den of spiritual thieves do something &quot;good&quot; and the good We try to do, by the Grace of God, in warning them and in educating them about the evils which the den of spiritual thieves do as something which is &quot;evil&quot;!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;But, “Woe to you that call evil good, and good evil: that put darkness for light, and light for darkness: that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter.&amp;nbsp; Woe to you that are wise in your own eyes, and prudent in your own conceits” &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;(Isaias 5:20-21)&lt;B&gt;.&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;These false judges have come to this sorry state because, while professing themselves to be lovers of the truth, God, Who reads their thoughts, intentions and their souls, has condemned them to believe the evil errors of the den of spiritual thieves in the Vatican 2 church, as God the Holy Ghost warns them through the pen of Saint Paul:&amp;nbsp; &quot;...because they receive not the love of the truth, that they might be saved. Therefore God shall send them the operation of error, to believe lying:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; That all may be judged who have not believed the truth&quot; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;(2 Thessalonians 2:10-11)&lt;B&gt;.&amp;nbsp; In this way does God Himself judge these false judges!&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; 
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;&quot;God is NOT in the punishment business!&quot;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#ff0000&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;Dogma of the New Church of Secular Humanism, the &lt;I&gt;Vatican 2&lt;/I&gt; church&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; &lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#ff0000&gt;&lt;FONT size=+1&gt;Taught in &lt;I&gt;Vatican 2&lt;/I&gt; churches in the United States During &quot;Sermons&quot;, etc.!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Today the Modernist heretics in the &lt;I&gt;Vatican 2&lt;/I&gt; church of Secular Humanism, the new-world religion &quot;church&quot; for the &quot;new-world order&quot; fanatics, are going around teaching the heresy: &quot;God is NOT in the punishment business!&quot; This heresy is backed up by the pope of the Vatican 2 church, John-Paul 2, who teaches that there is no Heaven and there is no Hell in the Catholic Traditional sense!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;So, using a dogma of Secular Humanism, if it feels good, do it-along with the millions of other secular humanists and Modernists!&amp;nbsp; This pernicious heresy of Modernism has undoubtedly already dragged millions and millions and millions of souls into Hell by the Vatican 2 church den of spiritual thieves!&amp;nbsp; In both the Old and New Testaments there are many examples of the Anger of God, called the Wrath of God!&amp;nbsp; Let no one confuse the Anger or Wrath of God with the capital sin of anger or hatred because God's Anger/Hatred comes from the virtue of Justice!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt; 
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Here is but one of many examples of the Anger/Wrath of Almighty God:&amp;nbsp; &quot;And the Angel thrust in his sharp sickle into the earth, and gathered the vineyard of the earth, and cast it into the great press of &lt;U&gt;the Wrath of God&lt;/U&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; And the press was trodden without the city, and blood came out of the press, up to the horses' bridles, for a thousand and six hundred furlongs&quot;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt; (Apocalypse 14:19-20).&lt;/FONT&gt; 
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&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;NON LICET&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/CENTER&gt;
&lt;P&gt;&lt;B&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;Therefore, &lt;U&gt;despite the very real threat of derisions, calumnies, detractions, vilifications, etc.&lt;/U&gt; against Us, We can NOT sit on Our hands and do nothing under these circumstances! &lt;FONT size=+1&gt;Our duty is to cry out