스콜피온영어

14. 가정법

2009-02-12T08:34:11Z

Chapter 14. 가정법

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. If the government an import fee, prices will increase.

(A) will impose (B) imposes

2. If the weather , we'll have to camp somewhere else.

(A) would get worse (B) might get worse

3. Were they to cease advertising, prices significantly reduced.

(A) would be (B) will be

4. If I for the job, I would apply for the position you advertised.

(A) was qualified (B) were qualified

5. If we our prices to cover the costs, we won't be competitive.

(A) raised (B) had raised

6. I should be upset if you your promise.

(A) were forget (B) were to forget

7. If the wage parity agreement approved, there might have been a strike.

(A) was not (B) is not

8. If there were greater access to public transportation, it is likely that employees their own automobiles a lot less.

(A) use (B) used

9. If the temperature of the river rise even one degree, many species of fish that now live here would not be able to survive.

(A) were to (B) is

10. If there had been more resources, the other competitions surely .

(A) had eliminated

(B) would have eliminated

(D) would eliminate

11. If the price of your products is lowered by 5%, it is likely that they a good sale in the market.

(A) command (B) would command

12. They their workforce and production if the bank refused to extend their credit.

(A) would have reduced (B) would have to reduce

13. in advance that the monthly meeting had been cancelled, we could not have left early last night.

(A) Had we known (B) If we knew

14. Steve more responsibility if you had recommended that possibility.

(A) would give

(B) would have given

(D) had been given

15. Had it not been for their seat belt, they in the accident.

(A) would be killed

(B) were killed

(D) would have killed

16. Sandra spoke as if she in favor of adopting the proposal.

(A) have been (B) was

17. local tastes and preferences, sales would have increased dramatically.

(A) If the product had adapted to

(B) Had the product been adapt to

(D) Were the product adapted to

18. He spoke English as fluently as if he a American.

(A) had been (B) was

19. I Professor Jones had taught me this equation.

(A) believe (B) think

20. I wish everything so expensive.

(A) is not (B) wouldn't be

21. If its proposal more detailed, Donelan Manufacturing would be our only supplier of steel part.

(A) has been (B) had been

22. I wish you the filing system without first checking with the manager of your department yesterday.

(A) didn't change (B) should not changed

23. If the author had taken KTX in Daegu, he now.

(A) would arrive here

(B) would have arrived here

(D) should arrive here

24. Without oxygen all animals long ago.

(A) would disappear

(B) would have been disappeared

(D) would be disappeared

25. I introduce you to Bill's sister, Kristie?

(A) Which will happen if (B) How if

26 If television a thousand years ago, would nations be significantly more homogeneous than they are now?

(A) invent (B) invented

27. He cannot be in his right mind, he would not make such wild statements.

(A) unless (B) otherwise

28. The company , but they lacked capital.

(A) would have prospered

(B) would prosper

(D) should prosper

29. Ranee could be a very attractive girl, but she to her clothes.

(A) paid no attention

(B) didn't pay attention

(D) had paid no attention

30. An increase in a nation's money supply, increase in economic activity, will tend to result in higher prices.

(A) if will accompany

(B) if it had not been for accompanying

(D) without accompanying

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. If you (A)are connected to the Internet, this area will (B)provided you information (C)about the media you are (D)currently playing.

2. If a crisis (A)would occur, (B)those unfamiliar (C)with the procedures would not know (D)how to handle the situation.

3. If we (A)were to 'time travel', for example, to 14th century France, the enormous differences (C)between ourselves and our fellow humans from that time (D)will shock us.

4. If you (A)will interpret these movies (B)as moral fables, you might (C)conclude that Hollywood storytelling favors (D)the young than the old.

5. If we were (A)to make this list (B)longer, we (C)ended up (D)with an entire society.

6. If any scheduling changes should be made on coupon (A)after reservations have been made and (B)prior to flight, the holder (C)is subject to a 25 percent penalty (D)on the original purchase price.

7. (A)Although I (B)had had enough time, I (C)would've gotten a perfect score (D)on the test.

8. (A)If everybody in the group (B)is to contribute just (C)a few dollars, it would (D)amount to a very large sum.

9. If you (A)turn left (B)instead of right at the station, it'd have (C)only taken (D)a minute's walk.

10. If the owner of a partnership wished (A)to stop (B)doing business, both managers (C)will have to (D)agree on how to dissolve the partnership.

11. If there had been a way (A)for us to help him at that time, (B)I know we (C)had done everything (D)in our power.

12. If (A)our sales staff would study our products, they (B)are (C)able to increase (D)their sales.

13. If the concert (A)had started (B)on time, the audience would (C)have leaving the hall (D)by 10:00 p.m..

14. (A)Had I have been in my (B)brother's position, I would have (C)hung up the phone (D)in the middle of the conversation.

15. (A)Did it not rain last (B)night, the road would (C)not be so (D)muddy now.

16. I wish that the library (A)will have (B)more magazines (C)dealing with (D)what students are interested in.

17. The piano could (A)hardly become (B)so popular, if the music (C)written for it had not occupied a position (D)at the top of European culture.

18. I (A)wished the reporter (B)had done a better job of (C)checking his facts. The story (D)had more than a few inaccuracies.

19. (A)The political candidate talked as if he (B)has already (C)been elected (D)to the presidency.

20. (A)Everything looked (B)strange to John as if he (C)didn't see (D)it before.

21. I wish they (A)do not travel (B)during the bad weather, but they (C)insist that they (D)must return home today.

22. When I taste (A)quantities of (B)high-acid wines, I can feel (C)as though the roots of my teeth (D)are rotting.

23. Although most (A)adopted persons want the right to know (B)who their natural parents are, some (C)who have found them wish that they (D)have not had the experience of meeting.

24. (A)Was it not (B)for health hazards, (C)smoking would be (D)less of a threat to lung problems.

25. (A)Have they told us (B)about new changes (C)in company policy, we would not have dressed (D)the way we did.

26. (A)If they had (B)installed the new equipment then, they (C)would have become (D)more competitive now.

27. If the United States had built (A)more homes for poor people in 1955, the (B)housing problems now in (C)some parts of this country (D)would have not been so serious.

28. If you (A)saw the amount of food he ate (B)for breakfast this morning, you would understand (C)why he (D)has grown so fat.

29. The big anxiety (A)in his mind was, (B)that if Linda (C)doesn't turn (D)up for the appointment?

30. Tom (A)might have come to school (B)in time for Professor Brown's lecture, but he (C)had got up (D)rather late.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-3 refer to the following information.

When you receive your monthly gas bill from Broadgate Gas, you will find that the amount you pay is a total of several charges: Gas Purchased Charge, the Customer Charge, the Distribution Charge, and local taxes. The following information describes these charges.

The Gas Purchased Charge is the actual cost of the natural gas you used in the billing period, plus the cost of transporting it to the Broadgate Gas system. We do not earn a profit on the cost of the gas. If you choose to buy your natural gas from a non-regulated supplies through our Customer Choice Program, this part of your gas bill will indicate the choice.

The Customer Charge is a fixed monthly fee that includes our cost for the maintenance and repair of gas lines and other customer service functions

The Distribution Charge is the cost of moving the natural gas through the Broadgate Gas system to your home. Prices fluctuate, depending on the amount of gas you use.

The local taxes are estimated and collected by Broadgate Gas and then remitted to the appropriate authority.

If you have any questions about your bill, call us at 806-543-6788. You may telephone us between the hours of 8:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. Monday to Friday.

maintenance : 유지관리

fluctuate : 변동하다.

remit : 인도하다.

appropriate : 적절한

authority : 당국, 공공 기관

1. For whom is this information intended?

(A) Local tax officials

(B) Residential gas users

(D) Government energy officials.

2. What do non-regulated suppliers provide?

(A) Information about taxes

(B) Natural gas

(D) Gas-line repair service

3. Which charge does NOT charge from month to month?

(A) The local tax

(B) The Distribution Charge

(D) The Gas Purchased Charge

Questions 4-6 refer to the following passage.

Forces other than damaging winds are also at work inside tornadoes. Sometimes, at the writhing, twisting funnel passes over a house, the walls and ceiling burst apart as if a bomb had gone off inside. This explosion is caused by the low air pressure at the center of a tornado.

The pressure at the center of a tornado is usually 13 pounds per square inch. However, inside the house the air pressure is normal, about 15 pounds per square inch. The difference of 2 pounds per square inch between the inside and outside pressure may not seem like much. But suppose a tornado funnel passes over a small building that measures 20 by 10 by 10 feet. On each square inch of the building, there is 2 pounds of pressure from inside that is not balanced by air pressure outside the building. On the ceiling, that adds up to an unbalanced pressure of 57,600 pounds. The pressure on the four walls adds up to 172,800 pounds.

If windows are open in the building, some of the inside air will rush out through them. This will balance the pressure inside and outside the building. But if the windows are shut tightly, the enormous inside pressure may cause the building to burst.

Unfortunately, heavy rain and hail often occur in thunderstorms that later produce tornadoes. So people frequently shut all windows to protect their property. This may cause far worse damage later. For the same reason, tornado cellars mush have an air vent. Otherwise, the cellar door might be blown out when a tornado passes over it.

writhe : 몸부림치다.

funnel : 깔때기

burst : 파열하다.

go off : (폭탄이) 터지다.

suppose = if

up to ∼ : ∼까지

enormous : 거대한

thunderstorm : 뇌우

cellar : 지하

vent : 구멍

4. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

(A) How tornadoes can be prevented

(B) When tornadoes usually occur

(D) Why tornadoes cause so much damage

5. In line 3, the word "funnel" refer to which of the following?

(A) A bomb

(B) A house

(D) An explosion

6 According to the passage, the pressure on a building during a tornado can be relieved by .

(A) closing the cellar

(B) opening the windows

(D) strengthening the roof and walls

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (B). 2. (D). 3. (A). 4. (B). 5. (C). 6. (B). 7. (D). 8. (C). 9. (A). 10. (C). 11. (D). 12. (B). 13. (A). 14. (D). 15. (C). 16. (D). 17. (B). 18. (A). 19. (D). 20. (C). 21. (B). 22. (D). 23. (A). 24. (C). 25. (D). 26. (D). 27. (B). 28. (A). 29. (C). 30. (D).

[B] 1. (B). 2. (A). 3. (D). 4. (A). 5. (C). 6. (C). 7. (A). 8. (B). 9. (A). 10. (C). 11. (C). 12. (B). 13. (C). 14. (A). 15. (C). 16. (A). 17. (A). 18. (A). 19. (B). 20. (C). 21. (A). 22. (D). 23. (D). 24. (A). 25. (A). 26. (C). 27. (D). 28. (A). 29. (B). 30. (C).

13. 관계사

2009-02-12T08:33:10Z

Chapter 13. 관계사

관계대명사, 관계부사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. Can you recommend a specialist in the field can help me?

(A) who (B) which

2. The strike at the car factory, lasted ten days, is now over.

(A) that (B) which

3. Peter we believe is the employee represents the company policy best.

(A) which - who (B) that - which

4. The new train line, has been running since March, serves each of the town's six stations.

(A) who (B) what

5. My lawyer, left Florida yesterday, will arrive in New York today.

(A) which (B) that

6. The employee the standard performance quota will be rewarded.

(A) that exceeds (B) who exceed

7. A softbound book is a book a light, flexible cardboard.

(A) that cover is made of

(B) which cover is made of

(D) cover of which is made of

8. A higher crime rate exists in cities a large percentage of unemployment.

(A) which they have (B) what have

9. Entering the crowded room, the woman could see not one person she knew.

(A) which (B) whom

10. Chloride also is a key ingredient of hydrochloric acid, helps dissolve food in the stomach.

(A) which (B) that

11. the cooks prepared for dinner was received with enthusiasm.

(A) Who (B) Whose

12. The woman Jack fell in love left him after a few months.

(A) who (B) whom

13. Everyone wishes to attend the annual company picnic must register by 12 noon today in the main lobby.

(A) which (B) who

14. The leader of the expedition marked out seemed to be the best route.

(A) that (B) who

15. There has been a ten-car accident on the interstate, was probably caused by flooding from heavy rains during the night.

(A) that (B) who

16. A logarithm is in algebra as an exponent.

(A) that is known (B) what is known

17. The company has decided to recruit seven new employees during the 1st quarter of next year, all of are expected to be female.

(A) whom (B) what

18. There are several applicants for the job in the reception room.

(A) which are waiting (B) which is waiting

19. Color, line, mass, and space are to a painter to an author.

(A) what words are (B) are what words

20. Who has read Tolstoy's great novels can forget their fascination?

(A) who (B) which

21. There is no man so bad he secretly respects the good.

(A) whom (B) but

22. How embarrassed we are nowadays! The next war will be more cruel can be imagined.

(A) that (B) which

23. There is no great leader is optimistic.

(A) but (B) who

24. The librarian went to look in the cupboard rare books were kept.

(A) which (B) what

25. March is the month applications for research funds must be submitted.

(A) which (B) when

26. The reason I was feeling happy that morning was that the conference was over.

(A) why (B) who

27. Shares of stock are traded on the stock exchange market forces determine the price.

(A) why (B) when

28. wishes to apply for the opening should sign here.

(A) Whoever (B) Whomever

29. Let me speak to is waiting for me.

(A) what (B) whom

30. Both of the floor tile the patterns were designed with great care, and we assure you that

you choose will bring years of satisfaction.

(A) whatever (B) whichever

31. description occurs in ballads is brief and conventional.

(A) Whatever (B) What

32. The American Funding Company charges a late fee to they find does not meet the deadline.

(A) whomever (B) whatever

33. We pledge our best efforts to help them for period is required.

(A) that (B) whoever

34. brings about happiness has utility, according to the doctrine of utilitarianism.

(A) That (B) Whatever

35. you appoint to the program, you are ultimately responsible for its success.

(A) No matter whom (B) No matter who

36. Portable computers enable people to use computer service they wish, whether it is at home, or on a train.

(A) whenever (B) whomever

37. Officers must raise funds, .

(A) how difficult it may be

(B) no matter how it may be difficult

(D) whatever it may be difficult

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. The Dormitory of this university opened (A)on March 2, 2008, (B)for the use of those students (C)what face difficulties (D)with board and lodging.

2. Linda (A)whom I thought was (B)the most qualified for the position told me (C)that she was not (D)interested.

3. Today the number of workers (A)which go (B)on strike for higher wages is (C)almost twice (D)that of twenty years ago.

4. (A)More than 40 percent (B)of all workers have projected retirement income (C)those is (D)less than half their pre-retirement income.

5. One of chief benefits I (A)used to derive (B)from being president of a university (C)was (D)what I had the pleasure of entering thoughtful men.

6. The United States and France will sign a deal (A)who allows the airlines (B)to cooperate more closely on fares, (C)scheduling and (D)shared revenues.

7. A banquet will be held on Saturday (A)to honor President Stephen Emerich, (B)which has been (C)a great asset to Essenco Electronics (D)for over twenty years.

8. Democracy is a word with (A)that we are so familiar (B)that we rarely take (C)the trouble to ask (D)what we mean by it.

9. If one of the participants (A)in a conversation wonders (B)which the other person said, (C)no real communication (D)has taken place.

10. I've had (A)some in-flight emergencies, like cockpit fires, which (B)is much more serious than (C)anything that happens (D)at the office.

11. Several (A)projects which Roebling Laboratories has received funding are schedule (B)to begin next month (C)provided that a sufficient (D)amount of space is available.

12. (A)The announcer of the program is one (B)whom we (C)agree should (D)receive the award.

13. We (A)believe your future career (B)will benefit from the same effort (C)which you've (D)devoted to your academic work.

14. The net price of this computer is ＄5,000, (A)to that must (B)be added VAT (C)at 10%, (D)making a gross price of ＄5,500.

15. Jack was (A)the only one of the boys (B)whom (C)as you know (D)was not eligible.

16. (A)A team of British and French scientists announced in Manchester yesterday (B)that they (C)have discovered a new drug which (D)appearing to reduce the need for sleep.

17. Our company procedures manual, (A)that (B)outlines the benefits, (C)has been changed (D)to reflect the new plan.

18. The driver and (A)the horse (B)which (C)fell into the river (D)were drowned.

19. It's (A)a pleasure (B)to be part of an organization (C)which employees truly believe (D)in their work.

20. Davis is the only salesman (A)who the president has invited (B)to attend the (C)upcoming board meeting (D)with our executives.

21. (A)Any meat (B)what (C)has been preserved (D)by drying is called "jerky"

22. (A)Although I expected something (B)different, I was (C)still surprised by (D)which he said.

23. (A)Seeing (B)what man has already accomplished, (C)it would be rash to place any limits upon (D)that he may accomplish in the future.

24. (A)There is no (B)work (C)whatever (D)what he can criticize.

25. The board of directors (A)intends to make major (B)changes to the budget, but is not certain (C)when will happen (D)given consideration to the current economic situation.

26. (A)There is no act, (B)however trivial, (C)that has (D)its train of consequences.

27. The location (A)in where the next shareholders' meeting was (B)supposed to take place has been changed (C)to the board room (D)located on the 5th floor.

28. He (A)started his (B)publishing career in 1942 (C)whenever he (D)founded the Johnson Publishing Company in Chicago.

29. One of the key reasons (A)what talented people leave their company is that they believe their managers don't (B)care about their development (C)or never talk (D)with them about their future.

30. The hammer (A)has been used (B)as a tool (C)since the Neolithic period, (D)when was invented.

31. He told me (A)the other day the way (B)how he (C)had done it (D)with the help of Judy and her friends.

32. Manufactures in many (A)industries are starting (B)to more and more of their operations (C)closer to the markets (D)which their products are being sold.

33. Oceanographers try (A)to find out (B)the way how marine organisms live (C)in relation to one another and (D)to their environment.

34. You can make (A)as many copies of the software (B)as you want (C)and give them to (D)whoever you want.

35. (A)No matter who themes of the movies are, young (B)consumers are easily (C)bored by the same and (D)unchanging fashion.

36. (A)Who has the (B)best performance will (C)be awarded the MVP trophy (D)at the end of the season.

37. (A)Contrary to the opinion of the members, the president (B)should appoint (C)whomever he thinks (D)can do the job most adequately.

38. (A)However (B)founding hotels, garment businesses, (C)or import-export operations, entrepreneurs need courage (D)and a belief in their own abilities.

39. Companies today can (A)no longer afford (B)to pay attention only to (C)their domestic market, no matter (D)how it is large.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-2 refer to the following passage.

The job of the middleman is to collect the different products from the various manufacturers, and then to divide them into amounts which the customers require. The middleman gives the products place utility by delivering or transporting them to where they are needed. Two types of middlemen are merchant middleman, who actually take title to the merchandise, and agent middleman, who arrange for the transfer of title between manufacture and wholesaler. An example of a merchant middleman might be a person who owns a warehouse, buys large quantities of goods from manufacturers, and then distributes them to companies who purchase smaller quantities. An example of an agent middleman would be a broker who earns a commission by putting buyer and seller in contact with one another.

divide A into B : A를 B로 나누다.

title : (재산의) 소유권, 권리증

agent middleman : 대리 중간상인

wholesaler : 도매업자

warehouse : 창고

in contact with ∼ : ∼ 와 접촉하여

1. What is the rule of the middleman?

(A) The middleman is a wholesaler

(B) The middleman manufacturers goods as they are needed.

(D) The middleman gets the goods from producers and distributes them to the people and places as needs.

2. What are the merchant middleman and the agent middleman?

(A) The agent middleman works for the merchant middleman.

(B) The agent middleman represents the merchant middleman.

(D) The agent middleman puts the merchant middleman in contact with buyers.

Questions 3-5 refer to the following passage.

Cultural barriers would not be important if the various groupings of people on this planet never came into contact with one another. There would be no need to communicate with people who speak a different language and who conduct their lives according to a different set of assumptions about the many aspects of existence. But it is precisely because the world is not made up of isolated groups of people that cultural barriers are so important. The fact is, as Marshall McLuhan and others have pointed out, that the enormous increase in population and the great advances in mass communication and transportation that have occurred over the past century and a half have brought about a greater intermixing of peoples and cultures than ever before. The continuation of these developments, together with the rapidly increasing economic interdependence among nations, would seem to guarantee even more widespread and increasingly frequent cultural intermixing in the future as the multiplicity of societies evolves towards the "global village" McLuhan speaks of. The prospect before us is that relatively few individuals, and even fewer of the world's cultures, will escape being touched in some way by the intercultural experience.

came into contact with ∼

: ∼와 접촉하다.

assumption : 가정, 가설

aspect : 양상, 국면

enormous : 거대한, 막대한

intermix : 섞다, 혼합하다.

interdependence : 상호의존

guarantee : 장담하다.

widespread : 광범위한, 만연한

increasingly : 점점 더

the multiplicity of : 가지각색의

evolve : 전개하다, 발전시키다.

intercultural : 다른 문화간에

3. The best title for the passage is .

(A) Barriers to Intercultural Communication

(B) Technology and Culture

(D) Problems of Cultural Intermixing

4. According to the writer, an enormous increase in population has occurred for roughly

(A) 300 years

(B) 150 years

(D) 100 years

5. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

(A) Cultural intermixing will cause conflict in many societies.

(B) Cultural intermixing and globalization are inevitable in the future.

(D) Cultural barriers are not important unless people choose to come into contact with other cultures.

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (A). 2. (B). 3. (D). 4. (D). 5. (C). 6. (A). 7. (C). 8. (D). 9. (B). 10. (A). 11. (C). 12. (D. 13. (B). 14. (D). 15. (C). 16. (B). 17. (A). 18. (C). 19. (A). 20. (D). 21. (B). 22. (C). 23. (A). 24. (C). 25. (B). 26. (A). 27. (D). 28. (A). 29. (D). 30. (B). 31. (A). 32. (C). 33. (D). 34. (B). 35. (A). 36. (D). 37. (C).

[B] 1. (C). 2. (A). 3. (A). 4. (C). 5. (D). 6. (A). 7. (B). 8. (A). 9. (B). 10. (B). 11. (A). 12. (B). 13. (C). 14. (A). 15. (B). 16. (D). 17. (A). 18. (B). 19. (C). 20. (A). 21. (B). 22. (D). 23. (D). 24. (D). 25. (C). 26. (C). 27. (A). 28. (C). 29. (A). 30. (D). 31. (B). 32. (D). 33. (B). 34. (D). 35. (A). 36. (A). 37. (C). 38. (A). 39. (D).

12. 접속사

2009-02-12T08:31:17Z

Chapter 12. 접속사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. Mr. Randy completed the project yesterday gave the final report to me this morning.

(A) but (B) nor

2. For a more effective campaign, we need both a new product a new director.

(A) or (B) and

3. The streams of Nevada's Great Basin have no outlet to the sea; they either dry up

empty into one of the basin's lakes, where they evaporate.

(A) but (B) nor

4. The incentive were offered, no one showed interest.

(A) but (B) and

5. Water not only fills you up with something free of calories cleans your body.

(A) nor (B) and

6. Organisms regulate their movements positions in response to environmental stimuli.

(A) have (B) where

7. Many people know of the need to sleep at least 8 hours a night, they continuously fail to do so.

(A) and (B) but

8. I cannot accede to your request now, nor make any promise for the future.

(A) I can (B) can I

9. He was considered arrogant, he was not considered for promotion.

(A) but (B) yet

10. the water has become polluted is a matter of grave concern,

(A) That (B) What

11. I told him we could change the order, but that the extra-firm mattress cost 10% more than the firm mattress.

(A) who (B) whose

12. Please let us know you will attend the law seminar on Jun 10.

(A) that (B) what

13. he arrives, our representatives will present the new plan to the public.

(A) While (B) When

14. milk is readily digested by most people, the calcium, phosphorus, and other nutrients in it are promptly and effectively utilized by the body.

(A) Because (B) Though

15. employees successfully complete the 3-month probationary period of their contract, they will automatically be given an increase in pay.

(A) Upon (B) Later

16. he possesses such business acumen, he was able to regain the control of the company.

(A) Despite (B) If

17. he opened the meeting, the project director amended the agenda.

(A) Before (B) While

18. rumor have circulated regarding Dell Security's imminent demise, business is running on smoothly as usual.

(A) in spite of (B) Despite

19. Refunds can only be made the original receipt is enclosed when they are requested.

(A) if (B) unless

20. No financial advice you get is worth anything you can put that advice into action.

(A) if (B) unless

21. people depend to such a great extent on forests, every effort much be made to preserve trees and wildlife.

(A) So (B) That

22. The government has said it would not yield power to civilians a new constitution is established.

(A) when (B) until

23. Mr. Ramirez has said that he would never quit his job with CNN, rumors have been circulating.

(A) Despite (B) When

24. You will not be able to defend yourself sufficiently you review the regulations.

(A) if (B) unless

25. the negotiations were going on, the workers decided to strike.

(A )But (B) So

26. Treat others you wish them to treat you.

(A) as (B) because

27. They did not reach his monthly quota he worked a lot of overtime.

(A) because (B) despite

28. the inspector got there, the trouble started up again between the couple.

(A) Scarcely (B) As soon as

29. there is such a wide range of drugs, different ones react differently with certain foods, such as cheese and alcohol, and other drugs, such as the contraceptive pill.

(A) So (B) That

30. A meeting for all department managers has been arrange we can discuss the most recent personnel problems.

(A) so that (B) in order to

31. Take care lest you make a mistake of this kind again.

(A) might (B) should

32. The new shoe has been successful that the company is contemplating on doubling its production.

(A) such (B) too

33. Keep the local people here we can thrive despite not having enough tourists coming here.

(A) so (B) that

34. Write your name and address on your bag you lose your bag.

(A) if (B) unless

35. This automobile will last a long time long as maintenance checks are performed regularly.

(A) as (B) so

36. The force exerted by tornadoes is great that they have been known to lift railroad locomotives off their tracks.

(A) as (B) such

37. heroic, he was not very popular among his people. The reason was that he once was sympathetic to communism.

(A) He is ever so (B) Be he ever so

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. Port Stephens is both (A)a peaceful resort town (B)but a vibrant economic center where luxury goods from (C)around the world are (D)available duty-free.

2. (A)Both the male and female walrus (B)has large tusks (C)that made them prime targets for attack (D)by ivory hunters.

3. Employees (A)who work approved overtime on Saturdays, Sundays, or holidays (B)are paid double time for those hours, regardless of (C)how many regular (D)and overtime hours they worked that week.

4. The world's (A)most abundant food source is (B)either rice nor fish, but krill, a small, shrimp-like crustacean (D)which lives in the Antarctic Ocean.

5. (A)These days, libraries lend not (B)even books, but (C)also other items (D)like cassettes and games.

6. You should (A)consider all (B)aspects of your (C)decision, negative (D)so well as positive.

7. A consortium is trying (A)to get the contract (B)not (C)to build the hospital but to supply all the equipment (D)as well.

8. (A)Either the carpenter or the electrician can store (B)their tools (C)in the shed, but (D)there is no room for both sets.

9. She said (A)what acquiring (B)crucial information (C)about employers can be an (D)effective networking tool.

10. One of the (A)key reasons that (B)talented people leave is (C)why they believe their managers don't (D)care about their development or never talk with them about their future.

11. Maybe I should (A)suggest to the manager (B)which courtesy (C)be included as (D)one of the topics at new employee orientation sessions.

12. (A)Before you buy (B)anything, ask yourself (C)which you really need it and (D)always try to recycle.

13. I am sorry (A)to inform you (B)what we (C)have filled the position of optician (D)for which you recently applied.

14. (A)If or not a (B)given task (C)is routine (D)depends on experience and capabilities.

15. Greenpeace believe (A)that we all must learn to live in peace, just not only with other humans, (B)and with all the beautiful animals on earth. We must work now (C)to protect the future of the earth, (D)or it may be too late.

16. (A)That you are in the building, please wear your identification badge (B)at all times (C)so that you are (D)recognizable as a company employee.

17. Mr. Wilson was (A)late for his dentist appointment (B)that there was a major accident (C)on the local (D)freeway.

18. (A)When there is such a wide (B)range of drugs, different ones react (C)differently with certain foods, (D)such as cheese and alcohol, and other drugs, such as the contraceptive pill.

19. (A)Unless you have any questions (B)regarding this memorandum, (C)or if you'd like to discuss security issues, please come (D)and see me in my office.

20. (A)In general, when interest rates are high, investors (B)prefer bonds, and (C)while interest rates are low, (D)the preference is for stocks.

21. Paleontology, (A)which is closely (B)related to the study of evolutions, is a discipline (C)that examines life (D)for it existed in past geological times.

22. (A)If employers may be impressed (B)by your record, you will (C)still have to prove (D)yourself on the job.

23. That (A)type of person (B)usually doesn't listen very well. I suggest (C)that you have a talk with him (D)after there are any problems.

24. (A)In case photosynthesis (B)were to stop, most living things (C)would disappear from the Earth (D)in a few years.

25. Mark asked his business partner to (A)give him (B)a ride to the airport (C)as that he (D)wouldn't have to pay for parking.

26. Let's keep the heating (A)on (B)of case the temperatures drop (C)below zero (D)over night.

27. Shakespeare's (A)vocabulary was (B)since immense (C)that he knew three times (D)as many words as the average person.

28. Computer have (A)made it so (B)much easier to correct individual pages (C)what we can (D)quickly update our employee handbook.

29. Jack was in (A)so a hurry (B)that he (C)ran up the three flights of stairs instead of (D)waiting for the elevator.

30. Basically, we agreed (A)on reducing the (B)per unit price of our products so long (C)that they agree to go (D)on contract with us.

31. Many teachers and students don't regard spelling mistakes (A)as reasons to lower grades on papers and tests, (B)so long as the writing conveys its (C)intended message to (D)its audience.

32. We (A)put up a fence (B)lest the neighbors (C)would (D)overlook us.

33. (A)On the event that we (B)are forced to cancel a (C)scheduled performance, we will refund (D)the cost of the ticket.

34. (A)As the tanker entered the port, four crewmen were (B)isolated that they (C)can not spread the cholera germs (D)which were suspected to carry.

35. In proportion (A)that a man gets away (B)from being the slave of his surroundings, (C)to the extent he has triumphed (D)over the obstacles of nature, he has advanced physically and intellectually.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-3 refer to the following passage.

Business norms and behavior also vary from country. U.S. business executives need to be briefed on these factors before dealing in another country. Here are some examples of different foreign business behavior.

* South Americans like to sit or stand very close to each other when they talk business - in fact, almost nose-to-nose. The American business executive tends to keep backing away as the South American moves closer. Both may thus end up being offended.

* In face-to-face communications, Japanese executives rarely say no to an American business executive. Americans tend to be frustrated and may not know where they stand. American come to the point quickly. Japanese business executives may find this behavior offensive.

* In France, wholesaler don't want to promote a product. They ask their retailers what they want and deliver it. If an American company builds its strategy around the French wholesaler's cooperating in promotions, it is likely to fail.

* When American executive exchanges business cards, each usually gives the other's card a cursory glance and stuffs it in a pocket for later reference. In Japan, however, executives dutifully study each other's card during a greeting, carefully nothing company affiliation and rank. They hand their card to the most important person first.

Thus, each country and region has cultural traditions, preferences, and behaviors that the marketer must study.

norm : 표준, 기준

executive : 영업 관리자.

back away : 뒤로 물러서다.

end up : 끝나다.

offend : (감정을) 상하게 하다.

frustrate : 방해하다.

come to the point : 요점에 이르다.

offensive : 불쾌한, 화나는

wholesaler : 도매업자

retailer : 소매상인

strategy : 전략, 계획

cursory glance : 흘긋 봄

stuff : 넣다.

reference : 참조, 조회

dutifully : 예의 바른

affiliation : 합병, 제휴

preference : 더 좋아함

1. What is the main topic of this passage?

(A) The inconvenience of doing business in foreign countries.

(B) The way Americans do business in foreign countries.

(D) Cultural and behavior differences in business according to nationality.

2. Which of the following is a typical American business behavior?

(A) Americans wholesalers help the retailer market the product.

(B) Americans exchange business cards with great ceremony.

(D) American business behavior varies from country to country.

3. What do Americans think about business cards?

(A) They think it is a very significant element in introduction.

(B) They have a very casual attitude about business cards.

(D) They usually hand their cards to the most important person first.

Questions 4-6 refer to the following paragraph.

The gap between rich and poor countries will also become more and more glaring in the area of medical care. WHO point s out the growing disparity between the North and South in health and life expectancy. The gap will widen with the increasing sophistication of therapeutic methods in the industrialized countries and the inadequate or practically non-existent medical infrastructures in the other half of the world. Perhaps the real scandal of our present situation is that high mortality rates in certain regions may come to be seen as a de facto solution to the problem of rapid population growth. It is necessary to analyse carefully the processes, patterns and time span for world demographic transition, and to study more closely its relationship with the environment.

glaring : 빛나는, 역력한

disparity : 불균형

sophistication : 정교화

therapeutic : 치료상의

inadequate : 불충분한

infrastructure : 기본적 시설

mortality : 사망률

de facto : 사실상의

span : 기간

demographic : 인구 (통계)학의

transition : 변화, 변천

4. The main concern of the paragraph is .

(A) economic gap

(B) life expectancy

(D) medical development

5. "The North and South" in this paragraph refer to respectively.

(A) communist nations and democratic nations

(B) industrialized countries and primitive regions

(D) needy people and wealthy people

6. The other half of the world may be characterized by .

(A) high death rates

(B) medical infrastructures

(D) demographic transition

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (C). 2. (B). 3. (D). 4. (A). 5. (C). 6. (D). 7. (B). 8. (B). 9. (C). 10. (A). 11. (D). 12. (C). 13. (B). 14. (A). 15. (D). 16. (C). 17. (A). 18. (C). 19. (A). 20. (B). 21. (D). 22. (B). 23. (D). 24. (B). 25. (C). 26. (A). 27. (D). 28. (B). 29. (C). 30. (A). 31. (B). 32. (D). 33. (B). 34. (C). 35. (A). 36. (D). 37. (B).

[B] 1. (B). 2. (B). 3. (D). 4. (B). 5. (B). 6. (D). 7. (B). 8. (B). 9. (A). 10. (C). 11. (B). 12. (C). 13. (B). 14. (A). 15. (B). 16. (A). 17. (B). 18. (A). 19. (A). 20. (C). 21. (D). 22. (A). 23. (D). 24. (A). 25. (C). 26. (B). 27. (B). 28. (C). 29. (A). 30. (C). 31. (B). 32. (C). 33. (A). 34. (C). 35. (A).

11. 전치사

2009-02-12T08:30:03Z

Chapter 11. 전치사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. All the new employees were asked to attend an initiation at the company's ski resort

Whistler.

(A) from (B) around

2. The zone the radioactive product waste facility has now been designated an officially off-limits area in order to protect employee safety.

(A) of (B) on

3. Christmas Eve of 1492, the flag ship of Columbus' mission of discovery became the first European ship to wreck in American waters.

(A) above (B) in

4. Holiday hours are in effect only the Christmas season, which runs from the 1st of December to the 24th.

(A) during (B) for

5. Hawks serve an important purpose in the scheme of nature preying on destructive rodents, such as mice and rats.

(A) to (B) of

6. At that time, business was booming the city and many newly rich families built magnificent homes in this area.

(A) of (B) in

7. They were separated during the war and haven't seen each other 20 years.

(A) for (B) from

8. opening a year ago, the shopping mall has expanded its staffs to fifty.

(A) After (B) Because

9. The store was kept open ten o'clock five nights a week.

(A) by (B) for

10. the last one hundred years, the advent of the telephone, radio, television, and computer has made rapid long-distance communication possible.

(A) At (B) In

11. Conifers first appeared on the Earth the early Permian period, some 270 million years ago.

(A) when (B) for

12. The corporation, which underwent a major restructuring seven years ago, has been growing steadily five years.

(A) for (B) during

13. Although many products are out of stock due to the Christmas season, all efforts will be made to fill your order 12 days.

(A) in (B) within

14. 1866 to 1883, the bison population in North America was reduced from an estimated 13 million to a few hundred.

(A) From (B) After

15. We have not heard from the applicant the interview two weeks ago.

(A) in (B) by

16. In mountainous regions, much of the snow that falls is compacted ice.

(A) into (B) from

17. efforts to increase the awareness of the bad effects of tobacco, many people are still smoking.

(A) Although (B) Even though

18. Many corporations have found that doing a great deal of business telephone is more profitable than sending officials on frequent business trips.

(A) for (B) with

19. They plan to reduce spending about one million dollars during the next fiscal year.

(A) at (B) by

20. an extreme change in the government's handling of the illegal political funds scandal, the public's image of the government will further deteriorate.

(A) Unless (B) Except

21. The desire to stop parents quarreling is expressed by a large number of children everywhere.

(A) from (B) of

22. The cancellation of that product line was its poor sales record.

(A) because (B) since

23. The tunnel would run the Grendam Sea, and, at 57km in length, would be the third-largest sea-crossing construction in the world.

(A) below (B) above

24. Never before was it possible for one nation to make war on another without sending armies

borders.

(A) among (B) across

25. the alarming report of earth tremors nearby, the workers proceeded to lay the foundation of the building.

(A) Though (B) Despite

26. Most of us know that conductors direct their orchestra a baton, but how many are aware that they also direct with their faces, hands, and shoulders?

(A) for (B) in

27. In spite the problems of traditional school, classrooms hold many advantages over online classes.

(A) with (B) on

28. A year later the newspaper factory was discontinued for a while due a fire.

(A) for (B) to

29. We'll get it as soon as we can. A lot of pipes have burst because of the weather.

(A) to (B) for

30. a recent study, people who change jobs more than twice in one year are more prone to stress-related illnesses.

(A) According (B) Accord to

31. He was acquitted the murder charge.

(A) from (B) off

32. A South American parrot, which can be bought from a poacher only a few dollars, sells in Europe for as much as $4,000.

(A) from (B) for

33. These batteries are strong enough to power your laptop for to eight hours.

(A) with (B) for

34. In of emergency in this building, we should have no means of escape.

(A) cases (B) terms

35. providing lodgings for strangers, the taverns of colonial America were also meeting places and centers of social life.

(A) In addition (B) In addition to

36. The police should exercise stricter control illegal parking in front of the station.

(A) to (B) for

37. The rapid technological advances of the twentieth century have been bought an alarming depletion of our natural resources.

(A) by the expense of (B) at the expense of

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. The infectious disease (A)broke out (B)in Baltimore and soon spread (C)at (D)neighboring cities.

2. The (A)negotiating team (B)will fly to Bangkok (C)at Tuesday for (D)talks with the Thai workers' union.

3. I'll be staying (A)in New York (B)by Friday, (C)so give me a ring (D)on Thursday.

4. According (A)to a report published (B)in Australia, property prices will have an accumulated growth of 37 percent (C)in Melbourne and 38 percent (D)at Sydney, from now until the year 2003.

5. (A)Fruit flies (B)complete their life cycle (C)among two (D)weeks.

6. (A)At the latest, all financial reports that have been (B)undertaken by the accounting department must (C)be completed (D)until December 30.

7. (A)If your shipment is not delivered (B)in 10 days, you can claim (C)a full refund (D)on the merchandise.

8. (A)Although improving economic conditions, (B)the number of Americans (C)living (D)below the poverty level increased slightly in 1993.

9. (A)Although there are (B)some similarities (C)in the platforms of both candidates, the differences (D)among them are considerably wide.

10. The classroom will remain open (A)within 11:00 p.m. (B)for the convenience (C)of course participants and (D)professors.

11. The blue sea is (A)crystal clear, and warm enough (B)to swim (C)in even (D)in midnight.

12. (A)While the (B)nineteenth century, North American (C)architects developed distinctive (D)variations on the European architectural models.

13. (A)After a thorough inspection of the Babylonian (B)tables, he predicted that another eclipse of the sun was (C)due (D)in May 28, 585 B.C.

14. An empiricist (A)arrives (B)at conclusions (C)through way of the inductive method (D)of reasoning.

15. (A)Since (B)nearly fifty years superconductivity defied explanation and was one of (C)the outstanding puzzles (D)of physics.

16. (A)Beside your (B)primary duty (C)to God, you (D)are to love your parents.

17. The first flight (A)from Seoul is (B)at 6:30 in the morning and (C)thereafter every hour at 30 minutes past the hour (D)to 9:30 in the evening.

18. (A)Because New (B)Jersey's (C)proximity to New York, it is an important link (D)in the nation's transportation system.

19. (A)Situated (B)at an elevation of 3,660 meters (C)over sea level, La Paz is (D)the highest capital city in the world.

20. (A)Since over fifty years, Grant Wood's (B)portrait painting American Gothic has (C)occupied a place in the (D)popular culture of the United States.

21. We had nothing (A)to do with David Swan (B)until we found him (C)at the age of twenty on the road from his home (D)for the city of Boston.

22. There will be an urgent meeting (A)in this weekend (B)for all heads (C)of departments (D)in the main conference room.

23. (A)To receive your complimentary weekend guest pass, please (B)complete the (C)enclosed questionnaire and (D)return it the front desk.

24. The rapid technological advances of the (A)twentieth century have (B)been bought (C)for the expense of an alarming depletion (D)of our natural resources.

25. To comply (A)on city regulations, (B)any existing clay drainage pipes will (C)have to be replaced with steel or PVC.

26. Bells are (A)frequently made (B)from bronze, (C)an alloy of approximately (D)three parts copper and one part tin.

27. Prices for meals and hotels (A)in Chile (B)are not only lower than they would be in most European countries, but (C)in least a third lower than those (D)in the United States.

28. When a car fails to start (A)at cold mornings, drivers are (B)often surprised to learn that the problem is (C)with the starter motor instead (D)of the battery.

29. The Internet is a world-wide network of computers linked (A)by telephone lines, bringing about, (B)in theory, an unprecedented exchange (C)of information (D)among buyers and sellers.

30. (A)Excepting for special exhibitions, (B)most museums (C)in the United States have (D)no admission charge.

31. (A)The moment he (B)noticed two bears (C)coming out (D)from the forest, he ran away.

32. Nowadays (A)between the general public, (B)a lot of younger (C)Koreans have (D)become more aware of the employment crisis.

33. (A)In spite the alarming report (B)of earth tremors nearby, the workers proceeded (C)to lay the foundation (D)of the building.

(D)

34. (A)When Edison returned (B)to his hometown, (C)in the age of twenty one, people were beginning to take an interest (D)in his scientific experiments.

35. (A)In spite for (B)their continued efforts, factories and cars are (C)still producing too much dirty smoke or (D)putting too many chemicals into the air.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-4 refer to the following letter.

12 Main Street

New Plymouth, New Zealand

May 25

Sylvia Chen

Interactive Systems International

Promenade Plazz

Singapore

Dear Ms. Chen:

Dorothy Blume of the ECN Group suggested that I write to you for information about opportunities in the field of international communication at your company, Interactive Systems International.

Three Months ago, I graduated from Middletown University, where I majored in Communications with a concentration in media relations. While I was at the university, I worked as the news editor of the Middletown Campus Times, interned for two semesters as a writer and editor at the ECN Group in the proposal division, and created my own small public relations company called Insights Interactive. My extensive experience writing press releases and news articles in combination with my fluency in both Mandarin Chinese and Russian would make me an ideal person to create communications materials for Interactive Systems International.

I will call you in a week to arrange a time when we can talk in person. In the meantime, please review my enclosed resume. I hope to meet with you soon.

Sincerely

Mark Browne

Enclosure

major in ∼ : ∼을 전공하다.

public relations : 홍보(PR)

extensive : 광대한, 넓은

Mandarin Chinese : 표준 중국어

press release : 언론 보도

in combination with ∼ : ∼와 함께

communication material : 보도 자료

in person : 직접 만나서

In the meantime : 그 동안에

1. Why did Mark Browne write this letter?

(A) To inquire about employment

(B) To contact a college friend

(D) To recommend a colleague

2. What did Mark Browne do at the ECN Group?

(A) He translated articles into Russian.

(B) He worked as a television journalist.

(D) He wrote and edited proposals.

3. What is NOT implied in the letter?

(A) Dorothy Blume knew Mark Browne from previous job.

(B) Mark Browne started his own business.

(D) Mark Browne understands more than two Languages.

4. What does Mark Browne say he will do?

(A) Contact the Middletown Campus Times

(B) Call Sylvia Chen

(D) Send an e-mail to Interactive Systems International

Questions 5-6 refer to the following passage.

Historians concur that Europe maintained a central position in the world during the 19th century. It is impossible to understand the obstacles that faced the inhabitants of the planet today without bearing in mind what allowed this to take place. There were three factors that were primarily responsible.

The first was the fact that there was, within the boundaries of Europe, an exceptionally large portion of the world's farmland. As a result, European countries could feed their people without serious adversity and developed a thriving trade.

The second factor was the control of the seas. The European, with their superior arms and ships, could attack any other continent while defending themselves from annihilation at home. Dealings in commodities at sea brought affluence to the European continent while many other areas of the world deteriorated. No one can deny that many problems that beset other continents during the 19th century were not present in Europe because of its control over the oceans.

The third advantage that the Europeans enjoyed was their astounding development in science and technology. With the development of steam power and electricity came a bountiful supply of energy, allowing the diligent workers to produce goods for the merchants more cheaply and quickly, and speeding up transportation and communication.

bear in mind : 명심하다.

take place : 일어나다.

adversity : 역경, 불행

thriving : 번성[번영]하는

annihilation : 전멸

commodity : 상품

deal in : 취급하다.

affluence : 풍부, 부유

deteriorate : 나빠지다, 악화하다.

beset : 포위하다, 에워싸다.

astounding : 몹시 놀라게 하는

bountiful : 풍부한

5. What is the best title of this passage?

(A) The Growth of Europe in the 19th Century

(B) A Historical Perspective of Power Struggle

(D) Gradual Development of European Science

6. Which of the following statements corresponds to the passage?

(A) Science helped European farmers enjoy prosperity in the 19th century.

(B) Historians didn't content that Europe was responsible in the 19th century.

(D) Historian agree that control over seas helped free Europe from many problems.

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (C). 2. (A). 3. (D). 4. (A). 5. (C). 6. (B). 7. (A). 8. (C). 9. (D). 10. (B). 11. (C). 12. (A). 13. (B). 14. (A). 15. (D). 16. (A). 17. (C). 18. (D). 19. (B). 20. (D). 21. (A). 23. (A). 24. (A). 25. (B). 26. (D). 27. (C). 28. (B). 29. (A). 30. (C). 31. (D). 32. (B). 33. (C). 34. (D). 35. (B). 36. (C). 37. (B).

[B] 1. (C). 2. (C). 3. (B). 4. (D). 5. (C). 6. (D). 7. (B). 8. (A). 9. (D). 10. (A). 11. (D). 12. (A). 13. (D). 14. (C). 15. (A). 16. (A). 17. (D). 18. (A). 19. (C). 20. (A). 21. (D). 22. (A). 23. (D). 24. (C). 25. (A). 26. (B). 27. (C). 28. (A). 29. (D). 30. (A). 31. (D). 32. (A). 33. (A). 34. (C). 35. (A).

10. 분사

2009-02-09T13:18:46Z

Chapter 10. 분사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. A new factory 200 people has just opened in the town.

(A) employ (B) employing

2. All security cards from this office must be countersigned.

(A) issued (B) issuing

3. Dick was sitting the newspaper, when I called on him.

(A) read (B) to read

4. They left me in the restaurant alone.

(A) sat (B) sitting

5. Employees in the office after 8 p.m. are requested to inform the security guard at the main desk.

(A) will remain (B) remain

6. The witness looks by the question.

(A) confusing (B) confused

7. New employees must undergo a physical examination, which is by the company before a contract can be signed.

(A) require (B) requirement

8. IBM Software offers the widest range of applications and operating systems

customers to take full advantage of the new era of e-business.

(A) allow (B) allowed

9. Because she changed her travel, Miss Brown wants the cost of her airline tickets

in full.

(A) refund (B) to refund

10. The most common form of candle is a hard cylinder of paraffin with a wick

through its center.

(A) run (B) ran

11. Please note the agenda for Friday's meeting, a copy of which is enclosed to this letter.

(A) revised (B) revise

12. The government has recently passed a low all foreign workers to renew their working permits every years.

(A) require (B) requiring

13. Workers who perform and routine work experience an alienation from the products they produce.

(A) bore (B) to bore

14. The researchers pointed to a two hundred kilogram giant squid up on an Australian beach last month as the evidence.

(A) washing (B) wash

15. Inaugurated a second time on March 4, 1901, focused on domestic rather than foreign policies.

(A) William Mckinley looked forward to new term

(B) William Mckinley's new term looked forward to and

(D) the new term looked forward to William Mckinley and

16. that the meeting might start late, Sandra went to the copy center to run additional agendas.

(A) Realized (B) To realize

17. IBM dominated the mainframe and microcomputer markets, around 50%.

(A) have (B) to have

18. Returning to my apartment, .

(A) my watch was missed

(B) the watch was missed

(D) I found my watch disappeared

19. The production of coal in the country is relatively insignificant, less than one million tons annually.

(A) amount to it (B) in the amount

20. While staying in Florence, Italy, in 1894, that she had a talent for sculpture and began taking lessons.

(A) discovered by philanthropist Winifred Holt

(B) philanthropist Winifred Holt discovered

(D) that the philanthropist Winifred Holt discover ed

21. She said so her eyes twinkling with mischief.

(A) as (B) when

22. Electrical resistance is a common property of all materials, .

(A) differing only in degree

(B) it only differs in degree

(D) only in degree it differs

23. He is taking care of the children alone, his wife sick in the hospital.

(A) because (B) due to

24. the plane, I had to wait till the following day for a connection.

(A) Missing (B) Having missing

25. Trying to break into their fifth house in one week, .

(A) the capture of the robbers was finally accomplished

(B) it finally happened that the robbers were captured

(D) the robbers were finally caught.

26. , a corporation must keep official records of its income.

(A) Once formed (B) Once forming

27. The letter, , were not signed until 5 p.m.

(A) transcribing (B) being transcribing

28. under a microscope, a fresh snow-flake has a delicate six-pointed shape.

(A) Seen (B) Sees

29. , he applied to me for advice.

(A) Not known what to do

(B) Not knowing what to do

(D) Don't knowing what to do

30. Noticing the time, .

(A) the broad meeting adjourned

(B) the broad meeting was adjourned

(D) the chairman had adjourned the meeting

31. speaking, the academic level of university students has declined since 1990.

(A) Frank (B) Generally

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. (A)Declined population in the centers of American cities (B)have resulted in (C)a large number of (D)abandoned building.

2. Jehoiada gave it (A)to the men who (B)carried out the work (C)require for the temple of (D)the Lord.

3. He was (A)very exciting at the prospect of (B)a journey into the remote (C)interior of (D)the island.

4. Advertising attempts (A)to influence the customer's (B)buying habits (C)so that they will purchase the product (D)advertising.

5. If a change (A)is made to a (B)linked object, all the documents (C)contained the same link are automatically (D)updated the next time you open them.

6. The paintwork on the body of the cars became (A)discolor (B)because of a chemical imbalance in the paint (C)used in (D)spraying the vehicles.

7. The (A)boiled point of a liquid is the temperature (B)at which it starts (C)to change into steam or vapor (D)by heating.

8. The (A)frustrated workers, (B)organizing to form an association, found themselves (C)confronting with (D)disinterested co-workers.

9. Many senior citizens, including (A)retire persons (B)with many years of work experience, have (C)trouble (D)matching their skills to the current job market.

10. (A)Buried in the smoke of many rifles, his anger was (B)directed not so much against the men (C)rushing toward him as against the general (D)choked heat of the day.

11. Our survey was (A)based on discussions (B)moderating by a psychologist (C)who took a number of (D)groups, some who used and some who did not use your products.

12. (A)Understanding cultural habits of another nation is a (B)complex, (C)bewildered task, but the rewards of knowing some of them are (D)enormous.

13. (A)Read the report, I am sure you (B)will agree that our sales (C)prospects are better than (D)anticipated.

14. (A)To anticipate a recession, the marketing director wanted (B)to develop new products and make new marketing plans for (C)existing products before (D)leaving the market completely.

15. She refused (A)to walk (B)to lunch (C)in the rain, (D)having not an umbrella,

16. (A)Spending nearly (B)all our money, we couldn't (C)afford (D)to stay in a hotel.

17. (A)Read the report carefully, the manager decided (B)that it (C)should be rewritten (D)as there were too many errors.

18. I don't know (A)exactly (B)how you feel, (C)being not (D)there then.

19. (A)Been in (B)their cages, the wild animals (C)may be very dangerous (D)to anyone.

20. (A)Hiring not permanently, interns can have networking sources (B)with those (C)who can lead them (D)to other jobs.

21. Having (A)hit (B)more home-runs than (C)any other player in the history of baseball, (D)Hank Aaron's record is famous.

22. (A)Catching outdoors, lie (B)down or stay (C)on low ground (D)if possible

23. The dispatcher, (A)finishing (B)filling out the forms, meant (C)to sign them, but forgot (D)to do so and was ordered to retrieve them.

24. (A)It was (B)a misty morning, (C)for little wind (D)blowing.

25. (A)After signing, the invoice was (B)handed over to the agent (C)with a sigh (D)of relief.

26. He failed (A)to recognize her (B)at first, (C)having not seen her (D)for fifteen years or so.

27. (A)While golfing, a rabbit ran (B)across the course (C)and knocked the ball (D)into the hole.

28. (A)Boring by their routine, the supervisor decided his (B)depressed employees need (C)stimulating incentives and instigated their (D)proposed benefit program.

29. It went on like this (A)with me (B)stood there, (C)holding the scallops in my hand and (D)wondering.

30. (A)While our parking near the bank of a (B)fast-flowing river, a boat that was going against the current (C)capsized and dumped the (D)occupants into the water.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-3 refer to the following advertisement.

Have you ever wondered what your pet was thinking? Do you want to enhance your understanding of your dog or cat? Professor Shasta Ewing, a leading animal behaviorist, will be conducting an informative workshop entitled "Understanding Your Pet." This session will explore animal cognition and behavior commonly demonstrated by our pets. Professor Ewing has studied with the esteemed Drs. Nitz and Francis, authors of My Pet and Me. A demonstration of animal training will be given by Professor Edward West. All registered participants will receive a certificate of attendance. Audiocassettes will also be available for purchase.

Location Fee Time

Halpem Hotel ＄25 11 a.m.-2:30 p.m.

enhance : 높이다, 강화하다.

session : 개회 기간, 강습회

cognition : 인식

demonstrate : 증명[설명]하다.

esteem : 존경[존중]하다.

demonstration : 증명, 중거

participant : 참가자

certificate : 증명서

1. Who is going to lead this workshop?

(A) Professor Ewing

(B) Professor West

(D) Dr. Francis

2. What is the topic of the workshop?

(A) Photographing wildlife

(B) How to select a pet

(D) Animal behavior

3. What is provided with registration?

(A) A recording of a previous workshop

(B) An attendance certificate

(D) A pet-training manual

Questions 4-7 refer to the following passage.

Petroleum product, such as gasoline, kerosine, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from one source - crude oil found below the earth's surface, as well as under large bodies of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earth's interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.

Crude oil wells flow at varying rate, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels. Petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance: thin, thick, transparent or opaque, but regardless, their chemical composition is made up of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbon. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.

The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosine, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various types of gasoline.

petroleum : 석유

kerosine, -sene : 등유

residual : 잔여의, 남은

lubricating oils : 윤활유

crude : 천연 그대로의

secure : 지키다, 확보하다.

transparent : 투명한

opaque : 불투명한

composition : 구성

carbon : 탄소

hydrogen : 수소

compound : 혼합물, 합성물

hydrocarbon : 탄화수소

classify : 분류하다.

impurity : 혼합물. 불순물

trace : 흔적

disregard : 무시하다.

molecule : 분자

refine : 정련하다.

condense : 응축하다.

vapor : 증기

so-called : 이른바, 소위

distillate : 정수(精水)

distill : 증류하다.

octane rating : 옥탄가

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

(A) Crude oil is found below land and water.

(B) Crude oil is always found a few hundred feet below the surface.

(D) A various petroleum products is obtained from crude oil.

5. Which of the following is true?

(A) The various petroleum products are produced by filtration.

(B) Heating and condensation produce the various products.

(D) Mechanical means such as the centrifuge are used to produce the various products.

6. How is crude oil brought to the surface?

(A) expansion of the hydrocarbons

(B) vacuum created in the drilling pipe

(D) pressure and pumping

7. Which of the following is NOT listed as a light oil?

(A) lubricating oil

(B) distillate oil

(D) kerosine

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (B). 2. (A). 3. (D). 4. (B). 5. (C). 6. (B). 7. (D). 8. (C). 9. (D). 10. (C). 11. (A). 12. (B). 13. (C). 14. (C). 15. (A). 16. (C). 17. (D). 18. (C). 19. (A). 20. (B). 21. (D). 22. (A). 23. (C). 24. (B). 25. (D). 26. (A). 27. (D). 28. (A). 29. (B). 30. (C). 31. (B).

[B] 1. (A). 2. (C). 3. (A). 4. (D). 5. (C). 6. (A). 7. (A). 8. (C). 9. (A). 10. (D). 11. (B). 12. (C). 13. (A). 14. (A). 15. (D). 16. (A). 17. (A). 18. (C). 19. (A). 20. (A). 21. (D). 22. (A). 23. (A). 24. (C). 25. (A). 26. (C). 27. (A). 28. (A). 29. (B). 30. (A).

9. 동명사

2009-02-09T13:17:52Z

Chapter 9. 동명사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. Bill is sick, all night in the rain caused him to catch a cold.

(A) He working (B) Him to work

2. for a big company will be good for you.

(A) Spend a year working

(B) Spending a year working

(D) Spending a year to work

3. Adidas has announced that it is going to discontinue the Tracy McGrady shoe as sales have been poorer than expected.

(A) making (B) to make

4. Korean corporations hope to break free by brainpower from the U.S. and developing their own research labs.

(A) recruit (B) recruited

5. "Christine is moving to Los Angeles." "I think will make everyone sad."

(A) she leaves (B) she leaving

6. The man had often wondered if he would enjoy in another country.

(A) living (B) to live

7. Hawks serve an important purpose in the scheme of nature on destructive rodents, such as mice and rats.

(A) to prey (B) preying

8. too long for lunch caused a slowdown on the production line.

(A) Them talking (B) Their talking

9. My sister finished her shoes with some spangles.

(A) decorated (B) to decorate

10. I will never forget the beautiful girl at the cafe.

(A) seeing (B) to see

11. Cleaning takes a couple of minutes. Cleaning is finished when the power light on the printer's control panel stops .

(A) flash (B) to flash

12. A complete biography of a person's life is not written by merely in chronological order.

(A) the pertinent facts are to be listed

(B) listing the pertinent facts

(D) when the pertinent facts are listed

13. Westpit Products will consider a new soft drink as soon as the research is completed.

(A) to manufacture (B) manufactured

14. After my run, I walk for another quarter of a mile to cool down.

(A) having completed (B) have completed

15. "That antique desk is exactly what I need." "Would you consider it?"

(A) buy (B) to buy

16. Some type of instrument has been known to painters since the Stone Age.

(A) for applying paint

(B) applying paint

(D) applied paint

17. The first time he remembers it was May 5, 2007.

(A) to hear (B) hearing

18. Don't understate your qualifications, but avoid "I" or "me."

(A) use (B) used

19. The woman kept off the lights when she go out.

(A) forget to turn (B) forget turning

20. for director must have surprised you.

(A) Your being nominated

(B) Your nominating

(D) You're being nominated

21. In order to avoid making mistakes, have your colleague the statistics.

(A) checking (B) to check

22. Remember the names and addresses on the packages clearly with a permanent pen.

(A) written (B) to writing

23. The couple had to postpone a car when their landlord raised their tent unexpected.

(A) purchased (B) purchasing

24. I am going to meet with President Hu Jintao, and I look forward him to the White House.

(A) welcome (B) welcoming

25. Petty officials cannot help on airs in the provinces.

(A) putting (B) put

26. receiving the correct parts, we will return the water pumps that were sent to us by mistake.

(A) While (B) At

27. We look forward to out more about the company during the next shareholders' meeting.

(A) find (B) finding

28. Many people are opposed rain forests without thought for the environment.

(A) to developing (B) developing

29. There is up with America in mass production.

(A) kept (B) not kept

30. We should establish the laboratory with a view research.

(A) facilitate (B) facilitating

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. (A)The most effective method (B)of promote your website is (C)to get other web sites to link to (D)yours.

2. (A)When and (B)by whom the islands of the West Indies were first (C)settled is a matter of (D)debating among archaeologists.

3. Buyers and sellers may be (A)scattered over the whole world and instead of actually (B)meet together (C)in a market-place they may deal (D)with one another by internet, telephone or letter.

4. The company has (A)accumulated (B)plenty of techniques for (C)management (D)its employees.

5. Deluxetype Incorporated (A)has encountered many difficulties in (B)adapt its word-processing software for (C)use with all of the (D)written languages of the world.

6. The dictionary (A)functions (B)primarily (C)as a tool (D)for the definition the meanings of words.

7. Making personal phone (A)calls and (B)to write personal letters (C)are not permitted (D)during office hours.

8. Because they were (A)unaware of his (B)interest in the building, they did not understand why he (C)felt so bad about (D)it's being condemned.

9. Please return my computer (A)when you (B)have finished (C)to use it (D)for your report.

10. We stopped (A)to buy (B)from that company because (C)so many of their products (D)were defective.

11. The merchants (A)accused (B)to cheat a group of tourists (C)say (D)they are not guilty.

12. Every (A)employee, (B)regardless of age, should consider (C)to invest (D)for retirement.

13. The suspect confessed (A)to take part in the crime, but has refused (B)to name (C)any of the others (D)involved.

14. By (A)learning and accepting (B)capitalist ways quickly, he says North Koreans can avoid (C)to become (D)disillusioned and depressed.

15. I would like (A)to discuss the problem of maintenance before (B)decide (C)which model (D)to install in my factory.

16. I remembered (A)to lock the door (B)before I (C)left, but I forgot (D)to shut the windows.

17. The nurses (A)have tried (B)convincing us (C)that the ambulance will arrive (D)shortly.

18. He (A)had not forgotten (B)returning the client's call, but he avoided (C)doing so, because he knew he would begin (D)to argue with and shout at the client.

19. (A)Upon returning to New York., he (B)offers his sincere (C)apologies and (D)will contact you

20. (A)In a free market situation (B)producers can purchase their raw materials and sell their (C)finished products without (D)restricting by government regulations.

21. We (A)can not help (B)to shed tears (C)while we watch (D)the film.

22. He remembered (A)to think that (B)all of his problems (C)were the (D)cat's fault.

23. I wish they (A)would itemize our bill (B)rather than (C)presenting us with (D)a lump-sum charge.

24. Why do you (A)always forget (B)locking the door (C)when you (D)leave?

25. In (A)addition to the finger grip, it is important (B)to remember (C)keeping your front arm straight and drop your front shoulder (D)until you follow through.

26. I wish the politicians (A)would work for the public (B)rather than wasting our money, creating problems for us, and (C)to build empires (D)for themselves.

27. There is no (A)break the (B)nine-second (C)barrier in the (D)100-meter dash.

28. We have a curious (A)habit of thinking that nature (B)must always (C)look like the pictures (D)we are accustomed.

29. We (A)look forward to (B)do business (C)with you (D)as soon as possible.

30. His silence was (A)understood (B)to mean (C)that he was opposed to (D)develop the region.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-3 refer to the following passage.

Today the growing number of working women requires a radical change in traditional marketing concepts. A study measuring husband/wife influence on buying decisions found, for example, that wives have a 38% say in deciding to buy a new automobile and a 33% influence on the choice of make and model. In buying s camera the wife's role is even greater. She has an equal say with her husband in deciding whether to buy a camera and a greater say than her spouse(52% to 49%) in picking out what kind to get. The role of the wife in making these sorts of purchases may be explained by pointing out that she also uses what they buy. What should make advertisers rethink their usual targeting of their ad campaigns is the study's finding on men's wristwatches. It seems that the wife has a 47% say in both whether her husband should get a new watch and what kind he should get.

1. What would be a reasonable conclusion to draw from the study reported here?

(A) A completely different type of advertising is needed.

(B) Working women require different ads than those who do not work.

(D) Ads should be directed to women as much as to men.

2. What is the author's main idea?

(A) The role of women has changed.

(B) Traditional marketing ideas should change.

(D) Selling is more difficult than it used to be.

3. Of the example cited, in which does the wife have the smallest part in the decision.

(A) Whether to buy a car.

(B) Which car to buy.

(D) Which camera to buy.

Questions 4-7 refer to the following passage.

The science of meteorology is concerned with the study of the structure, state, and behavior of the atmosphere. The subject may be approached from several directions, but the scene cannot be fully appreciated from any one vantage point Different views must be integrated to give perspective to the whole picture.

One may consider the condition of the atmosphere at a given moment and attempt to predict changes from that condition over a period of a few hours to a few days. This approach is covered by the branch of the science called synoptic meteorology.

Synoptic meteorology is the scientific basis of the technique of weather forecasting by means of the preparation and analysis of weather maps and aerological diagrams.

The practical importance of the numerous applications of weather forecasting cannot be overestimated. In serving the needs of shipping, aviation, agriculture, industry, and many other interests and fields of human activity with accurate weather warnings and professional forecast advice, great benefits are reaped in the form of the saving of human life and property and in economic advantages of various kinds. One important purpose of the science of meteorology is constantly to strive, through advanced study and research, to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere with the aim of improving the accuracy of weather forecasts.

The tools needed to advance our knowledge in this way are the disciplines of mathematics and physics applied to solve meteorological problems. The use of these tools forms that branch of the science called dynamic meteorology.

meteorology : 기상학

atmosphere : 대기

appreciate : 높이 평가하다.

integrate : 통합하다.

perspective : 원근법, 투시

synoptic : 개요의

aerological : (고층) 기상학

diagram : 도표

aviation : 항공

accurate : 정확한

accuracy : 정확성

reap : 수확하다.

disciplines : 학문의 분야

4. Which of the following is the best title for the massage?

(A) The Limitations of Meteorological at Forecasting

(B) New Advances in Synoptic Meteorology

(D) The Basics of Dynamic Meteorology

5. The prediction of synoptic meteorology are directly based on the .

(A) application of the physical science

(B) preparation and study of weather maps

(D) observations of commercial airline pilots

6. Which of the following is NOT referred to by the author as a field whose needs are sewed by weather forecasting?

(A) Transportation

(B) Manufacturing

(D) Sports

7. The author implies that increased accuracy in weather forecasting will lead to .

(A) more funds allocated to meteorological research

(B) greater protection of human life

(D) less-specialized forms of synoptic meteorology

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (D). 2. (B). 3. (A). 4. (D). 5. (C). 6. (A). 7. (C). 8. (B). 9. (D. 10. (A). 11. (D). 12. (B). 13. (C). 14. (A). 15. (C). 16. (A). 17. (B). 18. (D). 19. (C). 20. (A). 21. (D). 22. (C). 23. (B). 24. (D). 25. (A). 26. (D). 27. (B). 28. (A). 29. (D). 30. (C).

[B] 1. (B). 2. (D). 3. (B). 4. (C). 5. (B). 6. (D). 7. (B). 8. (D). 9. (C). 10. (A). 11. (B). 12. (C). 13. (A). 14. (C). 15. (B). 16. (A). 17. (B). 18. (B). 19. (A). 20. (D). 21. (B). 22. (A). 23. (C). 24. (B). 25. (C). 26. (C). 27. (A). 28. (D). 29. (B). 30. (D).

8. 부정사

2009-02-09T13:16:58Z

Chapter 8. 부정사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. Because of my experience as a banker, I have the ability financial decisions.

(A) make (B) to make

2. The objective of the Skylap mission was a person's ability to live and work for extended periods in the weightless conditions.

(A) study (B) to studying

3. To be successful today, software developers need the technological innovations that lead to increased profits.

(A) delivery (B) deliver

4. At any rate, history is too short for any changes perceptible.

(A) to be (B) be

5. Trade officials propose a plan a better balance of trade.

(A) establish (B) to establish

6. Sweetness Chocolate is pleased that it will be listed on the Public Stock Exchange as of August 1.

(A) announce (B) announcing

7. a state to survive more than a fleeting historical moment, it must have the loyalty of its residents.

(A) If (B) Of

8. We plan a feasibility study first before deciding whether or not to buy the ＄10,000 computer.

(A) to make (B) making

9. Please ask the restaurant clientele in the no smoking area.

(A) don't smoke (B) not to smoke

10. She seems married to him against her will.

(A) have got (B) to get

11. He has always made it a principle money.

(A) to never borrow nor to lend

(B) nor to borrow never to lend

(D) to borrow nor to lend never

12. access to the laboratory, employees swipe their ID badges through bar code readers next to the door.

(A) Getting (B) To get

13. The airliner is thought while attempting to return to Denver, after being warned of an approaching ice storm.

(A) to have crashed (B) have crashed

14. If the sole proprietor wants to quit, he can simply find someone his enterprise.

(A) purchase (B) purchasing

15. Only the really bad people will decide criminals.

(A) remain (B) remaining

16. Course descriptions be distributed to all students when they first arrive on campus and updated on an annual basis.

(A) be to (B) are

17. If you choose something, be sure to do it to the utmost of your ability, the teacher would say.

(A) to do (B) doing

18. The break in the main water pipe located on the 2nd floor was the reason why many of the employees were unable their work on time.

(A) complete (B) completion

19. No bank keeps enough cash all its depositors in full at one time.

(A) pay (B) to pay

20. He eat fish two to three times a week to decrease risk of heart attacks.

(A) doesn't (B) can

21. Anesthetics are used insensitivity to pain during surgical operation.

(A) to cause (B) causing

22. The real problem is keep the oil consumption down without affecting the nation's industry.

(A) what to (B) when to

23. To keep the US economy the world's most productive, we'll need to continue

and to promote technology.

(A) developing (B) to develop

24. Everyone thought it very foolish you to climb the mountain without a guide.

(A) for (B) with

25 .I know we have to cut costs, but I want to look at the figures before we make decisions

on .

(A) what to drop

(B) what dropping

(D) where dropping

26. Our company wishes for any inconvenience, but we are currently updating our site.

(A) apologize (B) apologizing

27. The corporation is believed a lot of money last year.

(A) to lose (B) to be lost

28. He was too busy at the office with his siblings.

(A) to relax (B) relaxing

29. The speaker was so well-known as no introduction.

(A) need (B) to need

30. Houses should be built plenty of light as well as of fresh air.

(A) as to admitting

(B) so as for admitting

(D) so as to admit

31. She had waited for hours with the sick baby, only that the hospital did not have the necessary medicines in stock.

(A) to discover (B) discovered

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. One may (A)wonder if literary fiction is (B)to became an (C)old-fashioned genre to be preserved in a museum like (D)an extinct species.

2. (A)To be ensure that the machine (B)functions properly (C)all the year round, maintenance checks must be made (D)every 6 month.

3. The purpose (A)of the program is (B)provide participants with information (C)about effective time-management (D)practice

4. When these events take place, the (A)sales staff will take the (B)following steps (C)for communicate (D)with customers.

5. The lawyer, who was (A)speak in Chicago, asked his secretary (B)to rent a car for him to (C)pick up downtown and (D)drop off at the airport.

6. The senator's legislative record (A)was too liberal (B)for please his constituents; (C)moreover they did not like (D)his choice of a running mate.

7. The police are (A)renewing their appeals (B)to motorists (C)to not overtake where visibility is (D)restricted.

8. The primary (A)concern of a central bank is (B)to maintenance of a (C)soundly based commercial (D)banking structure.

9. My wife and I have decided (A)to never return (B)to your establishment again, (C)without an apology (D)from the owner.

10. The retailer (A)reserves the (B)right alter all prices (C)listed in the company catalogue (D)without notice.

11. All department managers (A)is to submit their weekly inventory reports (B)to the office of the Director of Manufacturing (C)no later than noon (D)on Monday.

12. (A)The purpose of the (B)inductive logic is (C)to inferring general laws from (D)particular occurrences.

13. The American theater industry (A)seems (B)to find an answer (C)to its (D)most basic question.

14. (A)To avoiding traffic chaos, the government (B)will provide extra buses on all routes and taxi drivers have been (C)asked to try to carry more than three passengers (D)at all times.

15. Tomorrow our sales staff will fly (A)to New York in the afternoon (B)for meet with (C)our management team and (D)discuss business issues.

16. (A)Many companies now use (B)advanced computer programs (C)handle (D)their overstocked inventory.

17. Some 50 people are (A)known (B)to die (C)while (D)attempting this difficult climb.

18. Lamps (A)which are 80 percent more (B)efficient than normal light bulbs are being offered (C)at discounted rates as a way to encourage consumers (D)for conserving energy.

19. people (A)are more likely (B)invest in private enterprise (C)than in government-owned business which is (D)more profitable.

20. Software users (A)have been allowed (B)making one copy of the software (C)for use as (D)a backup.

21. Students will be (A)able use their credit cards (B)to buy food at athletic events (C)starting (D)with the Nov. 4 football game.

22. (A)His writings (B)helped in set the (C)form of exploration (D)and travel narratives.

23. By (A)using new equipment, the company (B)hopes to be able (C)to increase production and (D)reduces costs.

24. A letter of credit is often (A)used to companies (B)to finance the movement of (C)goods (D)between countries.

25. (A)Only employees of the company (B)are allowed (C)for enter rooms that are designated (D)with an "Employee Only" sign.

26. It was inconsiderate (A)for him (B)not to have told David and me (C)of his decision (D)to call off the meeting.

27. (A)To develop spontaneity, (B)training themselves (C)to behave logically and truthfully, and to listen and respond (D)to their partner, actors practice improvisation.

28. If we can (A)figure out (B)why the drink didn't sell (C)well in the Midwest, we'll know (D)to change our ad campaign.

29. (A)The church is (B)large enough (C)accommodating ten (D)thousand people

30. We (A)are pleased (B)to have the opportunity to (C)be shared experience (D)with you.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-2 refer to the following passage.

People commonly complain that they never have enough time to accomplish tasks. The hours and minutes seem to slip away before many planned chores get done. According to time management experts, the main reason for this is that most people fail to set priorities about what to do first. They get tied down by trivial, time-consuming matters and never complete the important one.

One simple solution often used by those at the top is to keep lists of tasks to be accomplished daily. These lists order jobs from most essential to least essential and are checked regularly through the day to assess progress. Not only is this an effective way to manage time, but also it serves to give individuals a much deserved sense of satisfaction over their achievements. People who do not keep lists often face the end of the work day with uncertainty over the significance of their accomplishments, which over time can contribute to serious problems in mental and physical health.

slip away : (시간이) 어느새 지나다.

chore : 자질구레한 일, 허드렛일

priority : 우선하는 일, 우선권

tie down : 구속하다.

1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

(A) Common Complaints about Work

(B) Accomplishing Trivial Matters

(D) Learning to Manage Time

2. The passage states that one solution to time management problems is to .

(A) consult a time management expert

(B) accomplish time-consuming matters first

(D) spent only a short time on each task

Questions 3-6 refer to the following passage.

The opposition is indispensable. A good statesman, like any other sensible human being, always learn more from his opponents than from his fervent supporters. For his supporters will push him to disaster unless his opponents show him where the dangers are. So if he is wise, he will often pray to be delivered from his friends, because they will ruin him. But, though it hurts, he ought also to pray never to be left without opponents; for they keep him on the path of reason and good sense.

The national unity of a free people depends upon a sufficiently even balance of political power to make it impractical for the administration to be arbitrary and for the opposition to be revolutionary and irreconcilable. Where the balance no longer exists, democracy perishes. For unless all the citizens of a state are forced by circumstances to compromise, unless they feel that they can affect policy but that no one can wholly dominate it, unless by habit and necessity they have to give and take, freedom cannot be maintained.

indispensable : 필수 불가결한

opponent : 반대자

fervent : 열렬한

deliver from ∼ : ∼로부터 벗어나다.

path : 작은 길, 오솔길

impractical : 비현실적인

administration : 통치, 정부

arbitrary : 독단적인

revolutionary : 혁명적인

irreconcilable : 비타협적인

compromise : 타협하다.

dominate 지배하다.

3. What topic is the passage concerned with?

(A) Communism and one way communication

(B) The indispensable opposition and the freedom of speech

(D) Democracy and communism

4. What does the author insist on in the passage?

(A) That the opposition is always revolutionary and irreconcilable.

(B) That the party in power must listen to the minority and be moved by the citizens of the minority.

(D) That freedom can be maintained if the party in power outrages the minority.

5. The balance of power makes opponents .

(A) struggle for the minority

(B) give up democracy

(D) fairly give and take opinions

6. A good statesman should take opinions from .

(A) his opponents

(B) his friends

(D) his chosen subordinates

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (B). 2. (D). 3. (C). 4. (A). 5. (B). 6. (D). 7. (C). 8. (A). 9. (B). 10. (D). 11. (C). 12. (B). 13. (A). 14. (D). 15. (C). 16. (D). 17. (A). 18. (C). 19. (B). 20. (C). 21. (A). 22. (D). 23. (B). 24. (C). 25. (A). 26. (D). 27. (C). 28. (A). 29. (B). 30. (D). 31. (A).

[B] 1. (B). 2. (A). 3. (B). 4. (C). 5. (A). 6. (B). 7. (C). 8. (B). 9. (A). 10. (B). 11. (A). 12. (C). 13. (B). 14. (A). 15. (B). 16. (C). 17. (B). 18. (D). 19. (B). 20. (B). 21. (A). 22. (B). 23. (D). 24. (A). 25. (C). 26. (A). 27. (B). 28. (D). 29. (C). 30. (C).

7. 비교

2009-02-09T13:16:17Z

Chapter 7. 비교

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. This computer is just as as the previous model, even though it is a lot cheaper.

(A) reliably (B) reliance

2. The tides of the Indian Ocean vary greatly, but those in the Atlantic or Pacific.

(A) not so much as (B) as not much as

3. After working out together, I realized that Adam Smith was a lot than I expected.

(A) weak (B) weaker

4. Jobs were much to find in the past than they are now.

(A) easier (B) the easiest

5. fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.

(A) More (B) The more

6. A researcher has discovered that children as young five can be influenced by violent television programs.

(A) of (B) at

7. No sooner had Tom seen us than informed that Judy was intelligent in his class.

(A) more (B) the most

8. The corporate computer services market is now than the market for computer hardware.

(A) large (B) largest

9. Bill arrived at the conference Jack did.

(A) much latter than (B) as latter as

10. While not the most popular students, he was not known to have any enemies.

(A) to (B) for

11. Those with than 5 years of business experience are asked not to apply for this position.

(A) less (B) least

12. The Alzheimer's medication being developed by LX industries will become the

widely used treatment by the end of next year.

(A) more (B) better

13. The test is much for a high school graduate than a university graduate.

(A) hard (B) hardest

14. Their army was superior the enemy in numbers.

(A) than (B) to

15. Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and of the solar system, with a diameter approximately eleven times that of the Earth.

(A) the biggest planet (B) biggest planet

16. This old machine that needs repair is definitely to a new one.

(A) bad (B) inferior

17. You can see all our equipment at the trade exhibition next month in New York.

(A) latest (B) last

18. The typist will receive a promotion.

(A) made the fewest errors

(B) making the fewest errors

(D) making fewest errors

19. No other beverage comes even close to rivalling coffee as in the world.

(A) the most widely drinking refreshment

(B) more widely drinking refreshment

(D) more widely drunk refreshment

20. As an incentive to those employees who carpool, the company will offer a discount on parking in the city garage fuel coupons.

(A) as soon as (B) as long as

21. Staying in a hotel costs renting a room in a dormitory for a week.

(A) twice more than (B) twice as much as

22. The Ace Hardware Company boasts of being one of the of kitchen appliances in the world.

(A) big producers (B) biggest producer

23. As as I know, he'll introduce us to all kinds of experimental music that he's composed with his computer.

(A) far (B) farther

24. It is not the words that matter the way you say them.

(A) too much as (B) as far as

25. The more people see our ads, the comfortable they will become, and the better chance that they will buy our products.

(A) most (B) more

26. Can you take me to the Kennedy Airport as possible?

(A) quick so (B) quick as

27. First of all, more more people will have to wear glasses, because always staring at computer screens is likely to damage our eyes.

(A) or (B) and

28. Of the two applicants, Mr. Bill was person for the managerial position.

(A) most (B) some

29. The lower interest rates, for larger items such as cars and homes.

(A) much more consumers shop

(B) more consumers shop

(D) consumers shop more

30. Bob receives a larger salary than officer in the office.

(A) other (B) any

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. She's (A)going to become (B)so big as a star in English (C)as he is (D)in Spanish.

2. He is not (A)so (B)senseless (C)so to do (D)such a thing.

3. Things are (A)never as (B)better as they seem, (C)or as (D)bad as they seem.

4. I (A)think a baseball is (B)the most (C)popular than a basketball (D)in the USA.

5. (A)Yawns are (B)even (C)contagiouser than the (D)common cold.

6. The language faculty (A)claims that it produced the (B)better authoritative (C)range of language (D)learning materials.

7. Agriculture (A)is one of the world's (B)mostly important occupations because everyone (C)depends upon plants (D)for food.

8. Factory workers (A)do (B)get promoted, but they never rise as (C)higher as the salaried white-collar employees, (D)who can rise to the very top.

9. (A)The most oldest living trees in the world (B)are reputed to be the bristle pines, (C)the majority of which are (D)found growing in the dry regions of California's White Mountains.

10. If you were (A)I, you (B)would be as (C)excited about the new project as (D)me.

11. (A)The air and water are (B)much dirtier (C)as they (D)used to be.

12. In the brokerage business, (A)the past may not be (B)a perfect indicator of the future, but it (C)is best predictor (D)we have.

13. (A)While not the most popular (Bin politicians, he was generally (C))appreciated for his dedication and commitment (D)to the community.

14. The National Motor Museum, (A)located in downtown London, is (B)one of the best and (C)more comprehensive motor museums (D)in the world.

15. Some of (A)the more best (B)preserved pre-Columbian cliff (C)dwellings in the United States (D)are located in Mesa Verde National Park in Colorado.

16. (A)Although the seminar (B)began at 9 a.m., the president (C)of SmallDox Industries showed up (D)earlier to the conference.

17. (A)Numerous critics regard Bessie Smith (B)as (C)the most great (D)of all jazz musicians.

18. Cairo is one of (A)the more polluted cities in the world, (B)due mostly to emissions from automobiles (C)burning diesel and gasoline (D)as fuel.

19. That product (A)that you bought (B)at the lower price is (C)the more inferior (D)to the one that we sell at a slightly higher price.

20. Sapporo, capital of (A)the northern island of Hokkaido and (B)the fifth (C)most largest city in Japan, is a modern metropolis that (D)benefits from the best of all the world.

21. (A)The English (B)were the earliest and (C)numerous group (D)to settle in North Carolina.

22. The April sales performance (A)of the Northwest District is the (B)stronger of (C)the performances by (D)the firm's four districts in the U.S.

23. Of all the systems available, the (A)more useful one is also the (B)least expensive and the (C)easiest (D)to learn.

24. (A)Of the three applicants (B)for the position, Mr. Wilson is (C)less (D)qualified.

25. The form (A)asks you (B)to describe the product, where and when it (C)was purchased, the price paid, (D)as soon as the nature of the problem.

26. Of all the products we have (A)tested, we (B)feel this new formula is (C)clearly (D)the most superior for this application.

27. Peter did (A)a better job of (B)completing the report than (C)any member of the department did.

28. Linda (A)completed the report (B)better than (C)anyone (D)in the department.

29. (A)What they seek (B)is not so (C)much profound knowledge (D)so quick information.

30. This year's sales (A)have been (B)the best than (C)any other year's in our company's (D)twenty-seven-year history.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-3 refer to the following passage.

The channel of distribution selected for consumer products sold on the retail market depend upon the type of product. Some items are considered convenience goods. They are generally products which have a low price and can be found at several convenient locations. Examples are chewing gum, cigarettes, and soft drinks. One generally goes to the closest place to buy these kinds of products. In this case, convenience is more important than price. The customer is willing to pay for place utility. Convenience goods are found at supermarkets, convenience stores, and even in vending machines. These goods must be widely distributed. They may, therefore, go through several middlemen before they arrive at the place where the consumer purchases them.

convenient location : 편의점

vending machine : 자동판매기

1. What is the main topic of this passage?

(A) Consumer products distribution.

(B) Convenience goods.

(D) The number of middlemen involved in distribution.

2. What is the most important factor in the sale of convenience goods?

(A) The quality of the goods.

(B) The price.

(D) Reducing the number of middlemen.

3. Convenience goods must .

(A) be priced as low as possible.

(B) be sold at convenience stores.

(D) be widely available.

Questions 4-7 refer to the following passage.

Bears spend much of their time looking for food, and they are not choosy, gorging on insects, berries, nut, small mammals, ham sandwiches, and garbage with equal relish. Despite this, the chief natural factor limiting a bear population is the food supply. Dr. Lynn Rogers has found that, contrary to popular belief, so-called garbage bears - those that visit town dump or campsites - do not lose their ability to forage successfully for wild foods but are simply supplementing their diets with easy pickings. In fact, these enterprising bears grow faster, mature sooner, and reproduce earlier than those that depend only on wild foraging. Rogers has also found that dump-fed bears are the strongest and largest in the population. He and his crew once captured a male bear that weighed in at 611 pounds.

But easy living for the bears carries a price: those that stalk garbage dumps are easier targets for hunters and those that visit camps may terrify - if not injury - visitors. Some state wildlife agencies capture "nuisance" bears that have become too chummy with people and cart them off to less populated parts of the forest. The removal programs do not always work; bears released 100 miles or more from their place of capture have reappeared in their old haunts.

choosy : 가리는, 까다로운

gorge : 배불리 먹다.

berry : 장과(堅果) (과육과 액즙이 많고 씨가 들어 있는 감, 귤, 포도 따위)

with relish : 맛있게

forage : 마초(마소의 먹이), 식량을 구하다.

supplement : 보충하다.

enterprising : 진취적인, 모험적인

mature : 성숙한

reproduce : 번식하다.

stalk : 몰래 접근하다.

nuisance : 불쾌한 물건[사람]

chummy : 친한

cart off : 운반해 가다.

haunt : 늘 드나드는 곳

4. The passage suggests that Dr. Lynn Rogers is a .

(A) writer who has published books about bears' feeding habits

(B) naturalist whose concern is preserving bears' wild habits

(D) trapper who captures live bears for zoos

5. Which of the following is NOT true of bears that feed at garbage dumps and campsites?

(A) They grow at a relatively slower rate.

(B) They can be easily shot.

(D) They are sometimes relocated.

6. It can be concluded from the passage that garbage bears are the strongest of the bear population because .

(A) their natural predators are not found near garbage dumps

(B) they can get more food by combining wild food and food from dumps

(D) they get a lot of exercise climbing in and out garbage cans

7. The term "those" in lines 7 and 12 refer to .

(A) visitors

(B) dumps

(D) bears

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (C). 2. (A). 3. (B). 4. (A). 5. (D). 6. (D). 7. (B). 8. (C). 9. (D). 10. (D). 11. (A). 12. (C). 13. (D. 14. (B). 15. (A). 16. (B). 17. (A). 18. (B). 19. (C). 20. (D). 21. (B). 22. (C). 23. (A). 24. (C). 25. (B). 26. (D). 27. (B). 28. (D). 29. (C). 30. (D).

[B] 1. (B). 2. (C). 3. (B). 4. (B). 5. (C). 6. (B). 7. (B). 8. (C). 9. (A). 10. (D). 11. (C). 12. (C). 13. (B). 14. (C). 15. (A). 16. (D). 17. (C). 18. (A). 19. (C). 20. (C). 21. (C). 22. (B). 23. (A). 24. (C). 25. (D). 26. (D). 27. (C). 28. (C). 29. (D). 30. (B).

6. 부사

2009-02-09T13:15:33Z

Chapter 6. 부사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. They cannot be expected to finish the project by the deadline date.

(A) realist (B) realistic

2. There are too few health professionals who have received the additional training to care for the older population.

(A) simply (B) simple

3. He left home to work .

(A) in Busan at the company

(B) at the company in Busan

(D) at Busan in the company

4. Although Mr. Lee works , his application for a pay raise was not granted.

(A) harden (B) hardened

5. Your reservation is confirmed for flight 012 departing from LA at 1:30 p.m. Wednesday and arriving .

(A) at 6:30 p.m. Thursday in Seoul

(B) in Seoul Thursday at 6:30 p.m.

(D) in Seoul at 6:30 p.m. Thursday

6. There is an increasing need for people to use electricity as as possible.

(A) efficient (B) efficiently

7. , the lawsuit undertaken by Company ABC will be settled within the near future.

(A) Presumptive (B) Presumptuous

8. Mr. Wilson in his calculation.

(A) has seldom erred

(B) seldom has erred

(D) seldom have erred

9. The price of a cup of coffee seldom reflects the cost of coffee bean on the open market.

(A) direct (B) directly

10. The Liberal Party is expected to perform better in this year's presidential election.

(A) very (B) well

11. Asia by most experts to be the cradle of human civilization.

(A) always has been considered

(B) has always been considered

(D) has been considered always

12. You were late this morning, .

(A) so was I (B) too

13. The marketing environment more complex and subject to change.

(A) rarely has been (B) has been rarely

14. Whenever I my computer it makes a strange noise and then it gives me an error message.

(A) take off (B) put on

15. You can't see her again, .

(A) too (B) either

16. The time-management seminar was designed to help improve employee efficiency.

(A) clearly (B) clear

17. These compacts will stifle the growth of a more competitive banking structure .

(A) always (B) two years ago

18. Anthony home one day since his father began asking about his job prospects.

(A) has hard been (B) has hardly been

19. He knew there was a opening his ship through.

(A) large enough to get

(B) enough large to get

(D) large to get enough

20. of the department only two years after entering the company.

(A) Mr. Lee already is supervisor

(B) Mr. Lee is already supervisor

(D) Already Mr. Lee is supervisor

21. There was a horrible moment about two and a half years .

(A) since (B) still

22. Most economists agree that the economic recovery is to produce new jobs, and that consumer activity is the key to a comeback.

(A) yet not enough strong

(B) not yet enough strong

(D) yet not strong enough

23. It came to light through investigation that he had died two years .

(A) ago (B) before

24. We've been working on it for over two years now, but it .

(A) isn't still finished (B) still isn't finished

25. These ads can bring in revenue; , they can keep our costs down.

(A) whereas (B) on the whole

26. They able to change his mind despite several attempts to persuade him.

(A) not have yet been

(B) have yet not been

(D) have yet been not

27. The letter of credit to cover this order does not seem to have reached us .

(A) still (B) yet

28. Fuel is becoming scarce; , we will have to develop transportation systems that do not depend on gas and oil.

(A) nevertheless (B) however

29. He is absorbed in his own affairs that he cannot afford to pay any attention to other people.

(A) too (B) very

30. The house is be invisible from the road.

(A) so designed as to (B) so as designed to

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. (A)Without a reliable source of (B)priced reasonably electricity, it (C)would be practically (D)impossible to maintain a healthy economy.

2. (A)On Tuesday, several cars (B)attempting to cross a flooded road near LA were carried (C)hundreds of meters by the (D)relative shallow water from a flash-flood.

3. The network place (A)was created (B)successful but its (C)friendly name could not be set. The network place was (D)instead created with a default name.

4. (A)Ordinary a tornado breaks out suddenly and dissipates (B)less than four hours (C)after it has (D)formed.

5. The (A)last train (B)to Milan (C)leaves (D)in the afternoon at 4:30.

6. Things are changing so (A)fastly (B)that some machines are obsolete (C)before they are (D)out of guarantee.

7. You're checked (A)on Flight 201 (B)leaving Incheon Airport at 9:15 P.M., and (C)arriving (D)at 7:30 A.M. in LA.

8. (A)Almost the products that (B)our company manufactures (C)are specially designed (D)for children.

9. The mandolin, a musical (A)instrument (B)that has strings, was probably copied (C)from the lute, a (D)many older instrument.

10. She has (A)already spoken to a customer service representative and is very (B)angrily. She insists (C)that she speak to a store manager. Can you please (D)take the phone?

11. There (A)is so (B)much smoke in this room that I (C)can not hardly (D)breathe.

12. It (A)used to be true that if you were (B)enough creative and (C)came up with a good product at a (D)reasonable price, you could sell it anywhere.

13. What's the difference (A)between these (B)two brands of photocopier paper? I don't understand why one is so (C)very more expensive than (D)the other.

14. (A)For our meetings, we will need a room (B)enough large (C)to hold (D)approximately 100 people.

15. (A)Quarterly (B)earnings (C)seldom are reported to the (D)shareholders.

16. Scientists have (A)recently discovered (B)fossils of lizard that lived (C)nearly 190 million years (D)before.

17. I don't notice (A)there (B)are (C)fewer cars in the company parking, (D)too.

18. The Diana's project (A)is tying up our equipment and our workers (B)very more than we expected. We're a week (C)behind schedule and we're (D)turning down other jobs because we don't have the resources.

19. (A)When he returned to Washington, he went (B)back to the job he (C)had had (D)ago.

20. She is (A)so timid (B)that she opens (C)scarcely her mouth (D)in public.

21. In 1984 the world population rose (A)to over 4.7 billion, up (B)almost 85 million from an estimate (C)made the year (D)ago.

22. There (A)are (B)some excellent employment opportunities in the organizations; (C)otherwise, special training is (D)required for the best job s.

23. (A)Much misunderstanding results (B)from poor listening; (C)however everyone should try (D)to learn the art of listening.

24. The contemporary parent is (A)often irritated by radios played (B)by teenagers who (C)refuse to turn (D)down them.

25. (A)Because we have not (B)already received (C)your purchase order, we cannot (D)ship your replacement parts.

26. I have not (A)met yet Davis (B)since he (C)left his hometown two years (D)ago.

27. Scientists (A)do not still understand (B)why human populations are biased (C)toward right-hand use rather than left-hand use.

28. Despite (A)spending ＄400 billion (B)over the past 25 years, America is (C)already fighting one of its most noxious forms of pollution - the ozone haze (D)called smog.

29. This building is (A)as (B)constructed as (C)to withstand a violent (D)oscillation in an earthquake.

30. The (A)subscriptions amounted (B)to (C)few short (D)of a million dollar.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-2 refer to the following trade magazine article.

Selecting the proper chair for your corporate office building takes a considerable amount of research. Specialist examining health and environmental factors say too many people succumb to the following pitfalls when selecting office furniture: (1) choosing chairs after testing them for only a few minutes, and (2) being too influenced by appearance.

David Azuma, a furniture design specialist from Eastern University, believes that a chair's chief requirements include the following: (1) flexible movement, allowing the sitter to partially recline, (2) adequate support from the lower back to at least the shoulder blades, and (3) adjustable seat height.

But what ranks as the number-one concern of facilities managers? "Price does not rank near the top," says Suzanne Parkman, an urban-based furniture supplier. "Buyers want durability and comfort first. Professionals seek one chair that can fit a wide variety of uses and be everything to everybody."

"A healthy 20-year-old could sit on a block of concrete and be fine," laughs Azuma, "but our seating choices change with age, and the first priority should be health."

succumb to ∼ : ∼에 굴복하다.

pitfall : 함정, 유혹

recline : 기대다.

adequate : 충분한

blade : 어깨뼈

adjustable : 조절할 수 있는

urban : 도시의

durability : 내구력, 내구성

priority : 우선권

1. According to the article, what mistake is often made when buying office chairs?

(A) Being overly concerned about the price

(B) Focusing on how the chair looks

(D) Purchasing from a catalog

2. What factor does David Azuma advise purchasers to consider?

(A) How long the chair is expected to last

(B) How often the chair will be used

(D) How many people will use the chair

Questions 3-6 refer to the following passage.

When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sport is much older than humankind for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fishes and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable game. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestles are demonstrating strong, trans-generational and trans-species bond s with the universe of animals - past, present, and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run, wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh (or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaustion. Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently, to remove us temporarily from the anguish of life in earnest.

Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conceptions, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release from the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that the origins of our highest accomplishments - liturgy, literature, and law - can be traced to a play impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, non-fatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of he nondatable, trans-species play impulse.

claim : 주장

ape : 원숭이

frolic : 장난치며 놀다.

tag : 꼬리표, 술래잡기

demonstrate : 증명하다.

trans : 넘어서

generational : 세대의

bond : 결속, 굴레, 동맹

tumble : 뒹굴다.

mock: 조롱하다.

imitate : 흉내내다.

delighted : 아주 기뻐하는

temporarily : 일시적으로

anguish : 고뇌

in earnest : 진심으로

put into : 주입하다.

tedious : 지루한

scarcity : 부족, 결핍

incessant : 끊임없는

inevitable : 피할 수 없는

grand : 웅장한, 위대한

provoke : 자극하다.

liturgy : 예배

impulse : 충동

paradoxically : 역설적으로

purely : 순수하게

fatalistic : 숙명적인

splendid : 멋진

nondatable : 시일을 추정할 수 없는

3. What is the best title for the passage?

(A) Games for Animals

(B) The Origins and Meaning of Play

(D) The Role of Sport In Child Development

4. It seems to the author that young animals play in order to .

(A) gain pleasure

(B) learn specific behavior patterns

(D) exercise their growing muscles

5. One may infer from the passage that play is important to adults because it helps

them .

(A) understand their children

(B) interact more with animals and nature

(D) improve their physical strength

6. The word "noble" in the line 18 could best be replaced by which of the following?

(A) snobbish

(B) wealthy

(D) admirable

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (D). 2. (A). 3. (B). 4. (C). 5. (D). 6. (B). 7. (C). 8. (A). 9. (B). 10. (D). 11. (B). 12. (A). 13. (D). 14. (C). 15. (D). 16. (A). 17. (C). 18. (B). 19. (A). 20. (B). 21. (D). 22. (C). 23. (B). 24. (A). 25. (D). 26. (C). 27. (B). 28. (C). 29. (D). 30. (A).

[B] 1. (B). 2. (D). 3. (B). 4. (A). 5. (D). 6. (A). 7. (D). 8. (A). 9. (D). 10. (B). 11. (C). 12. (B). 13. (C). 14. (B). 15. (C). 16. (D). 17. (D). 18. (B). 19. (D). 20. (C). 21. (D). 22. (C). 23. (C). 24. (D). 25. (B). 26. (A). 27. (A). 28. (C). 29. (A). 30. (C).

5. 형용사

2009-02-01T18:49:14Z

Chapter 5. 형용사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. The attractions of the Hale Valley continue to delight visitors and residents.

(A) diversification (B) diversifying

2. In order to make the building to the handicapped, the company is required to build a new elevator.

(A) accessibility (B) to access

3. What percentage of the populace is aware that in company the directors hold only a small fraction of its shares?

(A) a public typical (B) a typical public

4. A tropical tree that grows in , the mangrove is utilized in coastal land building.

(A) salty ocean water

(B) ocean salty water

(D) water of the ocean is salty

5. It is a paradox that the French eat and yet have a relatively low rate of heart disease.

(A) so much food rich

(B) so rich much food

(D) much so rich food

6. We have all the information to justify our claim.

(A) necessity (B) necessitous

7. In several countries abroad, notes and accounts are discounted with banks.

(A) receivable (B) receive

8. The Dadja textile plant will not become until all of the necessary safety equipment has been thoroughly tested.

(A) operate (B) operational

9. stopped buying and selling the skins of tigers.

(A) Many country (B) Much country

10. When purchasing mail-order products, please make all checks to Smith Industries Inc.

(A) payable (B) pay

11. That is for those whose mothers didn't smoke during pregnancy.

(A) the double rate (B) the rate in double

12. She was so beautiful that there were who did not turn to look at her as she passed.

(A) not a few (B) a few

13. I have to organize, but there's no room in this office to put all the folders.

(A) these all documents

(B) all these documents

(D) all these document

14. If people really knew how much harm liquor does to their body, I doubt if

people would drink it.

(A) few (B) no

15. The senator seldom reads the newspaper because he has time.

(A) not little (B) so little

16. an average of 2.5 kilograms waste a day.

(A) Each astronauts produce

(B) Each astronauts produces

(D) Each astronaut produces

17. Due to our annual company picnic, we will not make deliveries on Tuesday, June 12.

(A) any (B) one

18. loaded to its full capacity every day at rush hour.

(A) Every buses are (B) Every bus are

19. Employees have misunderstandings if company policies are laid out in a written manual.

(A) less (B) fewer

20. I received number of calls regarding the advertisement I placed on the bulletin board.

(A) large (B) a

21. These days, , and new businesses start.

(A) some businesses fail

(B) some business fail

(D) some businesses fails

22. Most employers understand that workers given challenging assignments are less

to become bored.

(A) like (B) alike

23. written about a possible U.S. attack on Iran.

(A) A number of military analyst has

(B) A number of military analyst have

(D) A number of military analysts have

24. Many employers receive large number of resumes in response to job advertisements.

(A) an (B) the

25. A large of older-model cars do not have proper smog-control devices.

(A) number (B) many

26. of workers each year suffer skin diseases from contact with materials used in their work .

(A) A hundreds (B) small thousand

27. become bankrupt due to the land reform.

(A) Much a landowner have

(B) Many a landowner has

(D) Many landowner have

28. an object is magnified by a telescope can be determined by someone who knows the focal length of the objective lens and of the eyepiece.

(A) A number of time

(B) A number of times

(D) The number of times

29. purged from public office.

(A) Many a prominent men was

(B) Many a prominent men were

(D) Many a prominent man were

30. illnesses make us feel sleepy so that our body can get on with curing us.

(A) Quite a little (B) Quite a few

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. Mr. Lee, (A)the investor clever, has said that he (B)will acquire a (C)financially (D)troubled food company that is based abroad.

2. Factory workers who are (A)exposed to (B)constantly noise may gradually (C)suffer from a loss of (D)hearing.

3. (A)Although our sales have (B)risen this quarter, our (C)year sales figures are (D)lower than last year.

4. The giraffe is one of the (A)least leaf-eating (B)mammals that (C)cannot swim (D)at all.

5. (A)Advertising ranks as the most (B)important source of income (C)by far for (D)almost magazines.

6. If you wish (A)to succeed in life, acquire as (B)many knowledge (C)as possible (D)while in bed.

7. (A)Yet there was no evidence that these (B)new accounts improved (C)managerially decision making (D)enough to justify their cost.

8. A (A)recently survey found many people (B)would like to purchase food products (C)that are proven to help lower cholesterol, but most do not know (D)which foods can do so.

9. It is (A)a good idea (B)to leave your work station (C)neatly (D)at the end of the day.

10. (A)These problem (B)had to be solved, so he had (C)to work overtime for (D)five consecutive days.

11. Each (A)bus (B)have a number (C)indicating (D)its route.

12. There (A)was a sign of (B)present somebody (C)in the (D)ruined house yesterday.

13. (A)A noisy, (B)aggressive cousin of the crow, the magpie has (C)those bird's thievish (D)habits.

14. Every (A)parents (B)knows (C)how crucial the choice of friends is for (D)every child.

15. The company (A)makes an assessment (B)of the progress of (C)all trainee managers every three (D)month.

16. I heard (A)that Alice spent quite (B)a few time (C)to get everything (D)ready for the new student.

17. (A)After installing the new server, (B)the company had (C)less problems with computer (D)virus attacks.

18. (A)Especially children and (B)the elderly (C)is strongly advised not to (D)engage in outdoor activities.

19. (A)Generally speaking, tax returns must be filed (B)annually, but (C)in few cases they must be submitted every six months.

20. (A)Much people (B)have moved to the state (C)because of (D)its new automotive plant.

21. The Declaration of Independence was (A)mostly the work of Thomas Jefferson, (B)one of America's most distinguished statesmen, (C)who later became the country's (D)three president.

22. (A)Some people don't have (B)some feelings (C)for disabled people or senior citizen.

23. David (A)placed an ad (B)in the newspaper and received (C)dozen of responses (D)the first week.

24. K-mart expects (A)to post its (B)seven consecutive (C)quarterly profit decline in the fiscal (D)third quarter.

25. In the early 1970's, (A)total employment in the United States (B)stood at (C)roughly eighty-three (D)millions.

26. The court ruled (A)that the government (B)cannot limit (C)a number of radio stations (D)a network can own.

27. (A)The manufacturing firm where Mr. Lee works (B)has hired over nine (C)hundreds workers in three difference cities (D)over the past four years.

28. (A)Many a publisher (B)have gone (C)bankrupt (D)with the depression of the publishing business.

29. The union bargained (A)for hours (B)with the management over (C)the number of the (D)wage increase.

30. In fact, (A)if people do not confront a certain (B)number of stress in their lives, they (C)will end up (D)being bored.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-2 refer to the following passage.

Hundreds of thousands of persons each year fall prey to some type of cancer, but new methods of radiation therapy have enabled doctors to save more lives than ever before. Medical researchers have developed several experimental forms of this time-honored cancer treatment that seem effective in fighting the disease.

One promising approach involves exposing cancer cells to radiation by implanting a radioactive source directly into the malignant tissue. This process greatly increases the dosage and thus the effectiveness of the treatment. Another technique utilizes drugs to make cancer cells more susceptible to the effects of radiation and to make normal cells more resistant. Certain drugs are able to neutralize the genetic framework of cancer cells, thus making them more easily affected by radiation. Both techniques have seen some positive results in the treatment of inoperable brain tumors.

These and other methods have helped to raise the recovery rate for cancer victims from 30 percent 40 years ago to around 50 percent today. This is encouraging news for those who fall prey to one of the world's leading killers.

Hundreds of thousands : 수십만

fall prey to ∼ : ∼ 의 먹이가 되다.

radiation : 방사선

therapy : 치료

time-honored : 예로부터, 유서 깊은

radioactive : 방사성이 있는

malignant : 악성의

tissue : 조직, 화장지

dosage : 투약, 적용량

susceptible : 가능한, 영향을 받기 쉬운

neutralize : 중화하다, 무력화하다.

inoperable : 수술할 수 없는

tumor : 종양

1. What is the author's main purpose in the passage?

(A) To provide statistical information on cancer.

(B) To argue for new methods of cancer treatment.

(D) To give the results of recent cancer research.

2. According to the passage, which of the following is true about radiation therapy?

(A) There is only one effective form of this therapy.

(B) It saves millions of lives each year.

(D) It causes the incidence of cancer to rise dramatically.

Questions 3-5 refer to the following passage.

At birth, the infant has only the most elementary emotional life. Newborns show an expression of disgust, for example, in response to strong tastes, and show surprise in reaction to sudden change. They also show interest, which developmental psychologists consider an emotion in its own right. By ten months, infants display the full range of what are considered the basic emotions: joy, anger, sadness, disgust, surprise, and fear. The emergence of the basic emotions during the first year or two of life seems to be programmed by a biological clock for brain development. As the appropriate brain maturation occurs, the various emotions appear in an infant's repertory. For example, studies of brain activity in ten-month-olds show that the right frontal regions are more active during positive emotions, and the left during negative emotions.

infant : 유아

in response to ∼ : ∼에 응하여

disgust : 싫음, 혐오감

psychologist : 심리학자

in one's own right : 본성으로

emergence : 출현

appropriate : 적절한

maturation : 성숙

repertory : 축적

frontal : 전면의, 이마의, 전두골

positive : 명확한, 적극적인

negative : 부정적인, 소극적인

3. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

(A) Measuring Infant Intelligence and Brain Development

(B) Brain Maturation and Emotional Growth in Infants

(D) Positive and Negative Emotions in Infants

4. The phrase "in its own right" at the end of the first paragraph is closest in meaning to which of the following?

(A) Legally

(B) In fact

(D) On the other hand

5. Which of the following statements about ten-month-old infants is best supported by the passage?

(A) Their various emotional responses are difficult to discriminate.

(B) Their emotional range is wider than that of newborn.

(D) Their brain activity is greater when they are happy.

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (D). 2. (C). 3. (B). 4. (A). 5. (C). 6. (C). 7. (A). 8. (B). 9. (D). 10. (A). 11. (C). 12. (D). 13. (B). 14. (C). 15. (B). 16. (D). 17. (A). 18. (C). 19. (B). 20. (B). 21. (A). 22. (D). 23. (D). 24. (C). 25. (A). 26. (C). 27. (B). 28. (D). 29. (C). 30. (B).

[B] 1. (A). 2. (B). 3. (C). 4. (A). 5. (D). 6. (B). 7. (C). 8. (A). 9. (C). 10. (A). 11. (B). 12. (B). 13. (C). 14. (A). 15. (D). 16. (B). 17. (C). 18. (B). 19. (C). 20. (A). 21. (D). 22. (B). 23. (C). 24. (B). 25. (D). 26. (C). 27. (C). 28. (B). 29. (C). 30. (B).

4. 대명사

2009-02-01T18:48:30Z

Chapter 4. 대명사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. Rebeca asked her manager to give a raise.

(A) she (B) himself

2. are you going to reprimand?

(A) Who (B) Whom

3. If you have children, you should make them responsible for doing most of their daily routine all by .

(A) them (B) they

4. Mr. Lee had to convince before he could persuade anyone else.

(A) himself (B) him

5. Do you have any idea was responsible for the damage to the printer.

(A) whom (B) whose

6. All employees are asked to take care of in case of a fire.

(A) them (B) themselves

7. Either will answer your phone when you are gone.

(A) him or me (B) he nor I

8. The person responsible for the program was .

(A) she (B) her

9. The bank dishonored his checks because he did not have money in the bank to pay

(A) they (B) their

10. The greater an object's mass, the more difficult it is .

(A) it speeds up or slow down

(B) to speed it up or slow it down

(D) than speeding up or slowing down

11. do you prefer, skiing or skating?

(A) Which (B) What

12. will become of us if the bank fails?

(A) Who (B) Which

13. None of us want you to forget performance.

(A) us (B) our

14. This year's revenue figures from major auto rental agencies are remarkably similar

to of the preceding four hours.

(A) those (B) that

15. who saw the accident should contact the police.

(A) No (B) Every

16. Unlike the budgets of some countries, focuses chiefly on expenditures.

(A) and the United States

(B) that of the United States

(D) which the United States

17. Perhaps the oldest theories of the business cycle are that link their cause to fluctuations of the harvest.

(A) whatever (B) everything

18. Using advertising, a company can point out the differences between its product and

company which produces a similar product.

(A) another (B) other

19. Everyone asked to submit the report.

(A) but you and I was

(B) but you and me were

(D) but me and you was

20. One of the two final candidates failed the physical checkup, so was considered for the position.

(A) another (B) the other

21. Wagner and Strauss were such good friends that they frequently exchanged gifts

with .

(A) each one (B) the other

22. Every one of the union members voted to return to job.

(A) his (B) their

23. I asked Kate lots of questions and she answered correctly.

(A) every (B) everybody

24. A closer examination of the files showed that the two employees had known each

(A) other ones (B) another

25. I have to dismiss one of two, though I hate to think of getting rid of of them.

(A) either (B) neither

26. one of the missing men was ever seen again.

(A) No (B) Not

27. I can meet you on the 7th or 8th. Would of those days be convenient for you?

(A) any (B) another

28. He is a brilliant scholar and is everywhere recognized as .

(A) such (B) so

29. We've had several meetings with the lawyers, but still has been agreed.

(A) anything (B) nothing

30. I did not choose any of the three books because I found satisfactory.

(A) neither of them (B) either of them

31. Although some critics viewed Ernest Hemingway as an overrated writer, thought him a truly gifted novelist.

(A) the other (B) another

32. What is of the measures taken when a customer is delinquent for 90 days?

(A) no one (B) no any

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. Helicopters (A)are being used more and more (B)in emergency situations because of (C)its ability to reach (D)out-of-the-way places.

2. Although (A)she is loved and widespread (B)throughout the world, (C)the Bible is not yet (D)known in some areas of the world.

3. (A)Whoever inspected (B)this radio (C)should have (D)put their identification number on the box.

4. In one type of laminating, (A)alternate layers of wood are placed with (B)them grains (C)running at right angles to (D)each other.

5. (A)Although team-work is (B)highly emphasized, many employees (C)of Sanderson Industries still prefer to do things (D)by alone.

6. (A)All of cars are test-driven (B)before they are (C)shipped out to dealers (D)all across the country.

7. (A)All of our company's products can (B)be distinguished from (C)these of our competitors (D)by labels and logos.

8. Did you know (A)that (B)you was the only (C)poorly organized report (D)in the department?

9. (A)The arrangement of the keyboard for computer input (B)terminals is (C)the same as (D)those of the keys on a typewriter.

10. (A)Somebody (B)looking (C)for employment must be (D)thorough and persistent.

11. If (A)somebody attacks (B)you, you need (C)to be able to (D)defend.

12. (A)Because group size is limited, (B)they interested (C)in joining the discussion will need (D)to register in advance.

13. (A)Almost half of the businesses (B)responding to our telephone survey said they are planning a (C)joint venture with (D)other company in the next year.

14. In a supermarket overhead costs (A)include the cost of the building, the salaries of the employees, and the cost of utilities (B)as electricity (C)used (D)to run the lights and refrigerators.

15. Individuals (A)who are applying for (B)jobs must provide (C)complete information about (D)them.

16. (A)Every knows that hospitals are institutions where the sick are treated, but (B)how many realize that they (C)were once homes for the indigent and the (D)friendless?

17. Many people don't (A)realize (B)many of the water used in our bathrooms and kitchens and (C)consumed by people (D)is groundwater.

18. Of the (A)billions of stars in the galaxy, how (B)much are stable (C)enough to hatch life on their (D)planets?

19. (A)Many major corporations which had (B)begun their businesses by focusing on a single product line have (C)recently ventured into (D)others areas.

20. According to (A)research the reason (B)why some companies succeed while (C)the others fail has (D)been identified.

21. Because (A)our flight was filled to capacity, (B)we were unable to get the seats we (C)had requested and which had been reserved for ours.

22. In (A)all organizations, (B)responsibility must go to (C)he who have the authority (D)to make decisions.

23. Mr. Roland, one of the top finance (A)broker, (B)is offering investment advice to (C)those who are (D)interested in successful portfolio management techniques.

24. (A)Because of the recovery that (B)is expected sometime early next year, many companies have decided to recruit executives (C)from several of their major (D)competitor.

25. The new book (A)contains (B)any of the (C)most gruesome descriptions (D)of unsolved murders ever published.

26. (A)Whom do you think (B)should (C)be selected (D)to chair the committee?

27. As companies become larger, workers (A)are separated from management; (B)consequently, they find (C)this difficult to understand (D)that the job must be done a certain way.

28. After (A)going to my room to get the magazine, I returned and sat down (B)contentedly, sometimes (C)reading and sometimes not doing (D)nothing.

29. William the Conqueror (A)built the Tower of London to protect (B)himself from (C)them he (D)had conquered.

30. In fiction and drama, realism has become (A)so widespread that it scarcely has (B)some identity at all (C)as a (D)distinct movement.

31. All objects (A)are composed of many molecules, and the (B)force of gravity (C)pulls on (D)every of them.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-3 refer to the following magazine article.

Lorraine Kulasingam has worked in the fashion industry as a stylist for ten years, choosing the clothing that models and movie stars wear for on-camera appearances. "I'm the one who decides how the actors look," she says. "I love it. Every day is different." Although Lorraine routinely meets famous movie stars, there is a disadvantage to her job: she often work. 18-hour days, and she has to accommodate everyone's schedule. "It's pretty tiring," she admits. "But I wouldn't change careers for anything."

on-camera appearances : 촬영

routinely : 일상적으로

disadvantage : 불리, 손실

accommodate : 순응하다.

1. What is indicated about Ms. Kulasingam's job?

(A) She has recently changed careers.

(B) She often works very long days.

(D) She recently received a promotion.

2. What does Ms. Kulasingam do in her job?

(A) Hires the models who appear in advertisements

(B) Organizes filming of television programs

(D) Selects clothing for film stars and models

3. What could be considered a benefit of her position?

(A) Meeting famous people

(B) Receiving free accommodation

(D) Being in a management-level position

Questions 4-6 refer to the following passage.

Scientists estimate that about 35,000 other objects, too small to detect with radar but detectable with powerful Earth-based telescope, are also circling the Earth at an altitude of 200 to 700 miles. This debris poses little danger to us on the Earth, but since it is traveling at average relative speeds of six miles per second, it can severely damage expensive equipment in a collision. This threat was dramatized by a cavity one-eighth of an inch in diameter created in a window of a United States space shuttle in 1983. The pit was determined to have been caused by a collision with a speck of paint traveling at a speed of about two to four miles per second. The window had to be replaced.

As more and more nations put satellites into space, the risk of collision can only increase. Measures are already being taken to control the growth of orbital debris. The United States has always required its astronauts to bag their wastes and return them to Earth. The United States Air Force has agreed to conduct low-altitude rather than high-altitude tests of object it puts into space so that debris from tests will reenter the Earth's atmosphere and burn up. Extra shielding will also reduce the risk of damage. For example, 2,000 pounds of additional shielding is being considered for each of six space station crew modules. Further, the European Space Agency, an international consortium, is also looking into preventive measures.

detect : 탐지하다.

debris : 파편

collision : 충돌

threat : 위협

cavity : 구멍

diameter : 직경

speck : 잔 알맹이

orbital : 궤도의

astronaut : 우주비행사

altitude : 고도

atmosphere : 대기

shield : 보호하다.

4. It can be inferred from the passage that debris was harmful to one of the space shuttles because the debris was .

(A) large

(B) moving very fast

(D) burning uncontrollably

5. What effect did orbital debris have on one of the space shuttles?

(A) It removed some of the paint.

(B) It caused a loss of altitude.

(D) It damaged one of the window.

6. The word "them" in line 19 refer to which of the following?

(A) Astronauts

(B) Wastes

(D) Crew modules

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (C). 2. (B). 3. (C). 4. (A). 5. (C). 6. (B). 7. (D). 8. (A). 9. (C). 10. (B). 11. (A). 12. (D). 13. (B). 14. (A). 15. (C). 16. (B). 17. (C). 18. (D). 19. (C). 20. (B). 21. (D). 22. (A). 23. (C). 24. (D). 25. (A). 26. (B). 27. (D). 28. (A). 29. (B). 30. (C). 31. (D). 32. (C).

[B] 1. (C). 2. (A). 3. (D). 4. (B). 5. (D). 6. (A). 7. (C). 8. (B). 9. (D). 10. (A). 11. (D). 12. (B). 13. (D). 14. (B). 15. (D). 16. (A) 17. (C). 18. (B). 19. (D). 20. (C). 21. (D). 22. (C). 23. (A). 24. (D). 25. (B). 26. (A). 27. (C). 28. (D). 29. (C). 30. (B). 31. (D).

3. 명사

2009-02-01T18:47:19Z

Chapter 3. 명사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. was given to those who had acquired their education overseas.

(A) Preferential (B) Preferred

2. Deer the only animals with antlers.

(A) are (B) is

3. A packet of new product was included with every catalog sent out in December.

(A) information (B) informatively

4. A higher average rate accounted for about one-third of the financing costs.

(A) interesting (B) interest

5. Visitors almost always express at the immensity of the canyon.

(A) amazed (B) amazing

6. Peanuts grow in long, bright green rows on bushes.

(A) 18-inch-high (B) 18-inches-high

7. With the growing public awareness of mental health issues, some corporations are making

to reduce employee stress.

(A) attempt (B) attempts

8. jailed dozens of men on charges of trimming their beards since the start of the holy Muslim fasting month of Ramadan.

(A) Police have (B) Police has

9. With its incisor teeth, a rat can gnaw through a concrete block.

(A) two foot thick (B) two-foots-thick

10. On October 31, responsibility for delinquent accounts will be transferred over from the billing section to the new division of .

(A) collect (B) collected

11. only about seven pounds of meat per 100 pounds of food.

(A) Cattle produce (B) Cattles produce

12. To make an accurate , the physician must first obtain the patient's complete medical history.

(A) diagnose (B) diagnosis

13. have recently changed occupations.

(A) Both my brother-in-law

(B) Both my brother-in-laws

(D) Both my brothers-in-laws

14. These too heavy for her to lift.

(A) pieces of baggage are

(B) baggages are

(D) pieces of baggage is

15. Neither Mr. Henry nor Mr. Peter was present at .

(A) party of Saturday

(B) the party of Saturday

(D) Saturday's party

16. more dangerous to sharks than sharks are to people.

(A) People is (B) Peoples are

17. Give your boss notice before quitting.

(A) thirty's day (B) thirty days'

18. "Henry wasn't able to give us information." "That's too bad. We really needed it."

(A) much (B) any of

19. Without you cannot expect to get a seat.

(A) reservation (B) reserve

20. An overwhelming number of in this country are immigrants.

(A) people (B) peoples

21. "Why are you going through Judy's desk drawer?" "I'm looking for of scissors."

(A) a pair (B) a piece

22. Employers should provide suitable protective for their workers.

(A) cloth (B) clothes

23. Please handle that machine , It's very expensive.

(A) careful (B) with care

24. The family never agree about shares of the property.

(A) their (B) her

25. The ideal candidate should have at least three to .

(A) four year's experience

(B) the experience of four years

(D) four years's experience

26. on the alert for the escape convict.

(A) Police are (B) The police is

27. Since he has bought a big house, he will have to buy furniture also.

(A) many (B) a lot of

28. If you put of vinegar in the water before you boil eggs, the shells won't crack so easily.

(A) a cup (B) a piece

29. Although the hurricane swept through this town, was done.

(A) little damage (B) few damage

30. The committee to it's decision to limit the evidence.

(A) adhere (B) adheres

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. (A)Inflation is the (B)major problem (C)affecting the people, the government, and (D)the economics.

2. (A)Marine biology, the study of oceanic (B)plant and animals and their ecological relationship, has (C)furthered the (D)efficient development of fisheries.

3. There are (A)many kinds of flowers and (B)shrubs in the garden (C)in the (D)shapes of a semi-circle.

4. (A)An increase of 15 (B)percent in overhead costs is expected by the (C)three-members task assigned to evaluate our 12 (D)regional offices.

5. Although (A)Japanese and Chinese are different (B)languages, the Japanese borrowed and (C)adapted many Chinese (D)character.

6. A through (A)investigating into a robbery (B)may not lead (C)to the (D)capture of the thief.

7. Mr. Kai has been (A)with this company for over 20 years, and one of his main duties is to manage all foreign accounts, (B)including document (C)translator (D)into English.

8. There were (A)many people (B)assembled on both (C)side of the street while the (D)motorcade was passing.

9. (A)An imported product cannot be (B)accepted by (C)the consignee without a (D)custom invoice.

10. Punctuation can be (A)thought of (B)as a mean of (C)indicating the pauses and changes of tone (D)that are used in speech.

11. (A)Some small magazines are (B)put out by two or three persons, but the big, general (C)publication are (D)tremendously complicated operations.

12. The data (A)gathered by Lopez (B)does correlate (C)with our (D)expectations.

13. Today's (A)job seekers are (B)confronted with (C)such question as "Are you computer literate?" and "Can you (D)set up a data base?"

14. Although (A)his books are (B)partly soaked by the sudden shower, he can have it (C)dried (D)by Saturday.

15. If you (A)purchase 10 units of this product, you will (B)receive a 5 (C)percentage discount off the total (D)cost.

16. The (A)belief that human (B)being live on after death in the (C)form of spirits is wide spread.

17. Mary Hays MaCauley, (A)known as "Molly Pitcher", the (B)legendary (C)heroines of the battle of Monmouth in the Revolutionary War, was born (D)near Trenton, New Jersey.

18. Thomas Jefferson (A)skillfully organized (B)his (C)supporter in Congress into (D)a strong political group.

19. Blood transfusions from one individual to (A)another (B)serve to supply various (C)material that the recipient (D)lacks.

20. The first person believed (A)to have used a series (B)of photograph (C)to produce (D)an illusion of movement was Coleman Seller.

21. The first step (A)in planning a marketing strategy for a new product (B)is to analyze the breakdown of (C)sale figures for (D)competitive products.

22. These (A)piece of furniture (B)are expensive (C)because (D)they are all gothic style.

23. The police safety (A)task force (B)recommends that bicyclists wear (C)a reflective clothing (D)at all times.

24. Country police (A)who (B)was asked (C)to investigate (D)were able to apprehend the suspects immediately.

25. (A)Negotiable instrument such as personal checks may (B)ordinarily be transferred to another (C)people (D)by endorsement.

26. We (A)have called all (B)numbers of (C)the committee five (D)time.

27. Public elections are (A)sometimes held (B)to settle (C)difference (D)between antagonistic groups in a government body.

28. The new drug is believed to be (A)the first discovery of real (B)important since (C)the search began for (D)a cure for AIDS.

29. (A)The Japanese produce cars (B)efficiently by using the most modern (C)methods and (D)machineries.

30. Another (A)factor which helps in judging the financial strength of a company is the total value of (B)its shares and the (C)number of money (D)a company borrows from banks.

31. I thought everyone (A)would dress up for (B)the reception, but (C)most people wore their regular work (D)cloths.

32. Food, (A)clothes, and shelter are (B)considered the (C)minimal (D)necessaries for the country's poor.

33. Because they are (A)generally taken simply to obtain a (B)recognizable and relatively (C)clear image, most nonprofessional photographs demand (D)few equipment.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-3 refer to the following passage.

Employment patterns in America are changing. It is estimated that 20 million people have opted out of the 9-t0-5 routine in favor of other worktime options. Roughly 12 million people, for example, now hold reduced work schedules by choice. Even many of those who want to work full-time have broken the traditional pattern.

Both flextime and compressed work weeks are popular alternatives in restructuring work time. Flextime permits flexible starting and quitting times but still requires a standard number of work hours in a week. Employers of large number of workers often must use this strategy to stagger arrivals and departures. A compressed work week is full-time work scheduled in fewer than five days a week. This option is clearly to the advantage of anyone who must commute long distances.

Reduced work schedules offer even more options but job sharing and permanent part-time work are the most common. The former involves two(or possibly more) people voluntarily sharing the responsibilities of one full-time position with salary and benefits prorated. Permanent part-time work offers job security and some of the benefits available to full-time workers. Those who are able to live on the lower income of a part-time job enjoy more free time and flexibility. Such a work pattern is helpful not only for parents of young children and students working around class schedules, but also for spouses who may want more time for companionship or travel with a non-working, perhaps retired mate.

opt out of : 탈퇴하다, 손을 떼다.

routine : 정해진 일과, 틀에 박힌 일

in favor of ∼ : ∼을 선호하여

flextime : 근무 시간 자유 선택제

alternative : 양자택일

restructure : 재구성하다.

flexible : 융통성 있는

a number of : 많은

strategy : 전력, 방법

stagger : 서로 교체적으로 하다.

voluntarily : 임의로

prorate : 할당하다.

1. Why are 12 million people now working less than full-time.

(A) They were forced by their companies.

(B) Their circumstances force them to.

(D) The use of robots and computers forced such changes.

2. What advantage to the company in adopting flextime is mentioned?

(A) Not everybody arrives and leaves at the week.

(B) The work is spread evenly over the week.

(D) Not as many workers are needed.

3. In a compressed work week, what is reduced?

(A) The hours spent at work in a week.

(B) The days spent at work in a week.

(D) The hours spent at work each day.

Questions 4-8 refer to the following passage.

During the nineteenth century, the mechanization of farming and the fencing of range land had opened the agricultural heart of North America to intensive development. As the natural geographic center of this region, Chicago became the crossroads of a vast transportation network. The great waterway systems of the Mississippi valley and the Great Lakes were linked in Chicago in 1847, when the Illinois-Michigan Canal was opened to traffic. Within the next year, rail lines began to operate trains to and from the city. The rise of agricultural activity demanded facilities for the storage and milling of grain, the slaughtering of cattle, and the processing and shipment of meat. The manufacture of farm machinery branched out into the basic metal-fabricating and woodworking industries. This soon attracted banks and other financial institutions. For years after the end of the Civil War Chicago was already established as the focal point of the largest system of inland waterways in the world and the hub of a rail network that extended to the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific coasts. The productive potential of the city was unparalleled, and the pace of its industrial expansion reached explosive proportions.

mechanization : 기계화

agricultural : 농업의

intensive : 집중적인

geographic : 지리학(상)의

crossroad : 교차로

valley : 계곡, 유역

the Great Lakes : 오대호

storage : 저장

milling : 제분

slaughter : 도살(하다)

process : 가공하다.

shipment : 선적, 수송

branch out : 확장하다.

fabricate : 제작하다.

the Civil War : 남북전쟁

the Gulf (of Mexico) : 멕시코만

hub : 중심

potential : 잠재력

unparallel : 견줄 나위 없는

expansion : 발전, 확장

proportion : 크기

4. What is the main topic of the passage?

(A) The effects of the Civil War on the development of Chicago.

(B) The effects of intensive farming in North America.

(D) The impact of agriculture on industrial development

5. In the nineteenth century, the farming areas around Chicago developed rapidly

because .

(A) new irrigation water ways were built

(B) men who had been soldiers provided a plentiful work force

(D) the slaughtering of cattle turned much rangeland into farmland

6. Why did Chicago initially begin to grow?

(A) It was located in the middle of a productive area.

(B) Its industries attracted jobless people.

(D) Its wealthy inhabitants invested their money there.

7. When did Chicago's first railroad service begin?

(A) 1846

(B) 1847

(D) 1849

8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a major factor in Chicago's growth?

(A) New railroad lines

(B) Innovative farm equipment

(D) Rising demand for the manufacture of explosives

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (C). 2. (A). 3. (C). 4. (B). 5. (C). 6. (A). 7. (B). 8. (D). 9. (C). 10. (D). 11. (A). 12. (B). 13. (C). 14. (A). 15. (D). 16. (C). 17. (B). 18. (A). 19. (C). 20. (A). 21. (A). 22. (D). 23. (B). 24. (A). 25. (C). 26. (D). 27. (B). 28. (D). 29. (A). 30. (B).

[B] 1. (D). 2. (B). 3. (D). 4. (C). 5. (D). 6. (A). 7. (C). 8. (C). 9. (D). 10. (B). 11. (C). 12. (B). 13. (C). 14. (A). 15. (C). 16 (B). 17 (C). 18 (C). 19 (C). 20. (B). 21. (C). 22. (A). 23. (C). 24. (B). 25. (C). 26. (D). 27. (C). 28. (B). 29. (D). 30. (C). 31. (D). 32. (A). 33. (D).

2. 조동사

2009-02-01T18:46:39Z

Chapter 2. 조동사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. Service will be restored soon, and we in just a few minutes.

(A) are able shall to move

(B) shall can move

(D) can shall move

2. A company teach you what you need to know to succeed, but It cannot teach attitude.

(A) may be able to (B) may can

3. The sign on the lawn say clearly that people not walk on the grass.

(A) will (B) might

4. We deplore the corrupt conditions of this society.

(A) cannot too (B) cannot but

5. Historians are speculating that the city a settlement of the ancient Inca people and may be as much as four thousand years old.

(A) may be (B) must be

6. All public announcements to the Office of the Corporate Secretary for review before being distributed to the media.

(A) must be submitted (B) must submit

7. Tax payers fines, but they will have to pay interest on sums due previously.

(A) have not to will pay

(B) have not will to pay

(D) will not have to pay

8. you please let me have the details as soon as possible?

(A) Would (B) Do

9. The President to focus attention on bettering trade with Asia.

(A) can (B) should

10. You to have told me beforehand.

(A) might (B) should

11. Ancient civilization such as the Phoenicians and Mesopotamians goods rather than use money.

(A) used to trade (B) used to trade

12. She desired that the letters after her death.

(A) would be burnt (B) are burnt

13. When I lived in America, I often have a few drinks in a bar before going back home after work.

(A) should (B) would

14. She desired that the letters after her death.

(A) should burn (B) are burnt

15. Before the merger the two companies with each other but now they are the same company.

(A) were to used to compete

(B) used to competing

(D) used to

16. The service center requests that the washroom key to the front desk immediately after use.

(A) be returned (B) is returned

17. It is impossible that he deceive me.

(A) would (B) should

18. I rather be poor than get money by dishonest means.

(A) would (B) should

19. We kept quiet lest we wake him.

(A) would (B) dare

20. When fragile items are sent through the mail, it is imperative that they .

(A) should not shake (B) are shaken

21. I rather be poor than get money by dishonest means.

(A) would (B) should

22. Twenty percent of our employees received bonuses this year, whereas only seven percent

last year.

(A) do (B) does

23. The tyrant was surprised that anybody such an offer.

(A) makes (B) make

24. They some bad food in the all-night diner because they were very ill soon after they arrived home.

(A) must have eaten (B) must eat

25. The broken bridge has caused a lot of accidents. It repaired a long time ago.

(A) must be (B) must have been

26. We hurried to the station lest we miss the train.

(A) didn't (B) would

27. You as well expect the river to flow backward as expect to move me.

(A) will (B) so

28. Since the ditch is full of water, last night.

(A) it must have rained

(B) it must be raining

(D) there might have been rain

29. If she hasn't seen the latest play, go to see it together.

(A) we'd like (B) how about our

30. An increase in a nation's money supply, without an accompanying increase in economic activity, result in higher prices.

(A) tends (B) tends to

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. Unless we (A)reach break-even point (B)within six months, we (C)will must ask for anther (D)bank loan.

2. (A)It is very pleasant (B)to be able spend (C)summer weekends (D)in the mountains.

3. If there is social or political change in (A)a region where a (B)standard language is spoken, (C)local varieties of the language (D)must develop.

4. (A)An increase in the price of petroleum (B)maybe induce consumers to install additional (C)energy-saving devices in (D)their homes.

5. (A)Copyrighted material is (B)generally the property of the author and (C)cannot to (D)be duplicated by others for profit.

6. The plan (A)must review (B)by the full committee (C)before action can (D)be taken.

7. (A)What (B)will I give him (C)in return (D)for his present?

8. (A)No matter (B)how angry you were, you (C)shall not have (D)argued with him.

9. She (A)would have thought peanut butter (B)would take the place (C)of meat (D)in their diet.

10. (A)The number of packages we (B)have handle will triple during this period. We (C)have had to hire (D)a number of part-time employees to help with the workload.

11. Mrs. Jones (A)must walk five miles (B)yesterday (C)because her car (D)broke down.

12. I loved (A)the morning and (B)should go down the dirt road with my tin (C)pail toward the stream where there were (D)gooseberries.

13. They (A)petitioned (B)that the king (C)would set the prisoner (D)free.

14. Vegetation (A)with a low salt tolerance (B)shall be (C)located (D)farther away from these areas.

15. (A)It is most important (B)that he (C)speaks to his manager before (D)leaving for his vacation.

16. You (A)have better (B)not associate (C)with (D)dishonest people.

17. They (A)have made very rigid rules (B)for their stores and insist (C)that everything (D)do properly.

18. We (A)should to think (B)about possible (C)dangers (D)before we act.

19. The torrential rains (A)have had (B)more serious consequences than (C)anyone (D)would of predicted.

20. I think we (A)ought institute (B)some sort (C)of incentive program (D)for the sales staff.

21. When we was (A)in college, we (B)should often sit up all night (C)discussing philosophy and (D)politics.

22. He (A)demanded (B)that the house (C)is (D)searched.

23. (A)Many people who (B)will like to lose weight (C)have joined (D)health clubs and nutrition centers.

24. (A)Will you like (B)to go shopping (C)with me (D)at the department store tomorrow?

25. In order to (A)market a product (B)well you need (C)be aware of (D)public demand.

26. He said (A)softly that he would rather (B)starve than (C)stealing to get (D)what he needed.

27. He need not (A)to worry (B)that we (C)won't have the opportunity (D)to talk.

28. (A)In extensive reading you (B)must get used (C)to look for ideas without (D)analyzing individual words and phrases.

29. The workers I've talked to (A)should rather have their monthly income (B)go up, (C)instead of waiting for (D)a lump-sum at the end of the year.

30. Many small investors would rather save (A)their money (B)than (C)to risk (D)it in the stock market.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-2 refer to the following article.

In today's increasingly globalized business world, law firms often find that their corporate clients need legal counsel in locations from Miami to Seattle, or even from Shanghai to Buenos Aires. How can a small firm compete on such a vast playing field? Many are finding an answer by joining together to form networks.

These networks, semi-formal relationships among similar-sized firms in different cities, states, or countries, enable firms to pool resources and have ready access to legal information in other jurisdictions. The alliances also offer an alternative to growth by merger or acquisition. Mergers between law firms are particularly difficult because the merging firms often represents companies whose interests conflict.

When a longtime client asked San Francisco attorney Rachel Straub about Texas labor laws, she referred the question to a Houston firm in her network which handled it the same day. "I probably could have answered his question if I'd taken the time to do the research," Ms. Straub said. "But it was better for the client to speak to a lawyer who knew the relevant issues already. And I anticipate plenty of referrals from that Houston firm in the future."

globalize : 세계화하다.

law firm : 로펌, 법률회사

corporate client : 법인 고객

have access to ∼ : ∼에 접근할 수 있다.

jurisdiction : 관할

alliance : 연합, 동맹 관계

alternative : 양자택일, 대안

merger : 합병

acquisition : 인수

conflict : 싸우다, 충돌하다.

represent : 대리하다.

attorney : 대리인, 변호사

anticipate : 예상[기대]하다.

referral : 위탁[추천]된 사람

1. What is the main idea of this article?

(A) Many small law firms are going out of business.

(B) Alliances give small law firms better access to information.

(D) Clients need to be very careful when hiring lawyers.

2. Why did Rachel Straub not answer her client's question herself?

(A) She had no way of researching Texas labor laws.

(B) She was working on a conflicting case.

(D) The client had not told her the facts of the case.

Questions 3-4 refer to the following passage.

If you already feel inside you the urge of self-expression, then the first thing that you have to do is to study the means of expressing yourself. You will have to study very carefully the English language and especially its grammar. Although most people do not understand the art of good writing, they unconsciously assimilate more easily ideas which are expressed in correct English. It should be pointed out also that good English is not necessary flowery English, and the simple phrase - Which looks so easy to write - is often the most difficult to contact. I can not stress too strongly the desirability of writing your sentences word by word and not phrase by phrase. Many writers fail to get their ideas across to the public solely because they use expressions whose meaning has been killed by repetition.

urge : 충동

unconsciously : 무의식적으로

assimilate : 동화하다, 이해하다.

flowery : 꽃 같은, 화려한

I can not stress too strongly

아무리 강조해도 지나치지 않다.

desirability : 바람직함

get across : 건너가다.

repetition : 반복

3. Choose the best title for the passage above.

(A) Dependence of English upon Grammar

(B) Self-expression, an Essential to Writing

(D) The Art of writing

4. Writing phrase by phrase is .

(A) important

(B) undesirable

(D) economical

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (C). 2. (A). 3. (D). 4. (B). 5. (C). 6. (A). 7. (D). 8. (A). 9. (C). 10. (D). 11. (B). 12. (C). 13. (B). 14. (C). 15. (D). 16. (A). 17. (B). 18. (A). 19. (D). 20. (C). 21. (A). 22. (D). 23. (B). 24. (A). 25. (D). 26. (C). 27. (D). 28. (A). 29. (D). 30. (D).

[B] 1. (C). 2. (B). 3. (D). 4. (B). 5. (C). 6. (A). 7. (B). 8. (C). 9. (A). 10. (B). 11. (A). 12. (B). 13. (C). 14. (B). 15. (C). 16. (A). 17. (D). 18. (A). 19. (D). 20. (A). 21. (B). 22. (C). 23. (B). 24. (A). 25. (C). 26. (C). 27. (A). 28. (C). 29. (A). 30. (C).