스콜피온영어

14. 가정법

2009-02-12T08:34:11Z

Chapter 14. 가정법

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. If the government an import fee, prices will increase.

(A) will impose (B) imposes

2. If the weather , we'll have to camp somewhere else.

(A) would get worse (B) might get worse

3. Were they to cease advertising, prices significantly reduced.

(A) would be (B) will be

4. If I for the job, I would apply for the position you advertised.

(A) was qualified (B) were qualified

5. If we our prices to cover the costs, we won't be competitive.

(A) raised (B) had raised

6. I should be upset if you your promise.

(A) were forget (B) were to forget

7. If the wage parity agreement approved, there might have been a strike.

(A) was not (B) is not

8. If there were greater access to public transportation, it is likely that employees their own automobiles a lot less.

(A) use (B) used

9. If the temperature of the river rise even one degree, many species of fish that now live here would not be able to survive.

(A) were to (B) is

10. If there had been more resources, the other competitions surely .

(A) had eliminated

(B) would have eliminated

(D) would eliminate

11. If the price of your products is lowered by 5%, it is likely that they a good sale in the market.

(A) command (B) would command

12. They their workforce and production if the bank refused to extend their credit.

(A) would have reduced (B) would have to reduce

13. in advance that the monthly meeting had been cancelled, we could not have left early last night.

(A) Had we known (B) If we knew

14. Steve more responsibility if you had recommended that possibility.

(A) would give

(B) would have given

(D) had been given

15. Had it not been for their seat belt, they in the accident.

(A) would be killed

(B) were killed

(D) would have killed

16. Sandra spoke as if she in favor of adopting the proposal.

(A) have been (B) was

17. local tastes and preferences, sales would have increased dramatically.

(A) If the product had adapted to

(B) Had the product been adapt to

(D) Were the product adapted to

18. He spoke English as fluently as if he a American.

(A) had been (B) was

19. I Professor Jones had taught me this equation.

(A) believe (B) think

20. I wish everything so expensive.

(A) is not (B) wouldn't be

21. If its proposal more detailed, Donelan Manufacturing would be our only supplier of steel part.

(A) has been (B) had been

22. I wish you the filing system without first checking with the manager of your department yesterday.

(A) didn't change (B) should not changed

23. If the author had taken KTX in Daegu, he now.

(A) would arrive here

(B) would have arrived here

(D) should arrive here

24. Without oxygen all animals long ago.

(A) would disappear

(B) would have been disappeared

(D) would be disappeared

25. I introduce you to Bill's sister, Kristie?

(A) Which will happen if (B) How if

26 If television a thousand years ago, would nations be significantly more homogeneous than they are now?

(A) invent (B) invented

27. He cannot be in his right mind, he would not make such wild statements.

(A) unless (B) otherwise

28. The company , but they lacked capital.

(A) would have prospered

(B) would prosper

(D) should prosper

29. Ranee could be a very attractive girl, but she to her clothes.

(A) paid no attention

(B) didn't pay attention

(D) had paid no attention

30. An increase in a nation's money supply, increase in economic activity, will tend to result in higher prices.

(A) if will accompany

(B) if it had not been for accompanying

(D) without accompanying

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. If you (A)are connected to the Internet, this area will (B)provided you information (C)about the media you are (D)currently playing.

2. If a crisis (A)would occur, (B)those unfamiliar (C)with the procedures would not know (D)how to handle the situation.

3. If we (A)were to 'time travel', for example, to 14th century France, the enormous differences (C)between ourselves and our fellow humans from that time (D)will shock us.

4. If you (A)will interpret these movies (B)as moral fables, you might (C)conclude that Hollywood storytelling favors (D)the young than the old.

5. If we were (A)to make this list (B)longer, we (C)ended up (D)with an entire society.

6. If any scheduling changes should be made on coupon (A)after reservations have been made and (B)prior to flight, the holder (C)is subject to a 25 percent penalty (D)on the original purchase price.

7. (A)Although I (B)had had enough time, I (C)would've gotten a perfect score (D)on the test.

8. (A)If everybody in the group (B)is to contribute just (C)a few dollars, it would (D)amount to a very large sum.

9. If you (A)turn left (B)instead of right at the station, it'd have (C)only taken (D)a minute's walk.

10. If the owner of a partnership wished (A)to stop (B)doing business, both managers (C)will have to (D)agree on how to dissolve the partnership.

11. If there had been a way (A)for us to help him at that time, (B)I know we (C)had done everything (D)in our power.

12. If (A)our sales staff would study our products, they (B)are (C)able to increase (D)their sales.

13. If the concert (A)had started (B)on time, the audience would (C)have leaving the hall (D)by 10:00 p.m..

14. (A)Had I have been in my (B)brother's position, I would have (C)hung up the phone (D)in the middle of the conversation.

15. (A)Did it not rain last (B)night, the road would (C)not be so (D)muddy now.

16. I wish that the library (A)will have (B)more magazines (C)dealing with (D)what students are interested in.

17. The piano could (A)hardly become (B)so popular, if the music (C)written for it had not occupied a position (D)at the top of European culture.

18. I (A)wished the reporter (B)had done a better job of (C)checking his facts. The story (D)had more than a few inaccuracies.

19. (A)The political candidate talked as if he (B)has already (C)been elected (D)to the presidency.

20. (A)Everything looked (B)strange to John as if he (C)didn't see (D)it before.

21. I wish they (A)do not travel (B)during the bad weather, but they (C)insist that they (D)must return home today.

22. When I taste (A)quantities of (B)high-acid wines, I can feel (C)as though the roots of my teeth (D)are rotting.

23. Although most (A)adopted persons want the right to know (B)who their natural parents are, some (C)who have found them wish that they (D)have not had the experience of meeting.

24. (A)Was it not (B)for health hazards, (C)smoking would be (D)less of a threat to lung problems.

25. (A)Have they told us (B)about new changes (C)in company policy, we would not have dressed (D)the way we did.

26. (A)If they had (B)installed the new equipment then, they (C)would have become (D)more competitive now.

27. If the United States had built (A)more homes for poor people in 1955, the (B)housing problems now in (C)some parts of this country (D)would have not been so serious.

28. If you (A)saw the amount of food he ate (B)for breakfast this morning, you would understand (C)why he (D)has grown so fat.

29. The big anxiety (A)in his mind was, (B)that if Linda (C)doesn't turn (D)up for the appointment?

30. Tom (A)might have come to school (B)in time for Professor Brown's lecture, but he (C)had got up (D)rather late.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-3 refer to the following information.

When you receive your monthly gas bill from Broadgate Gas, you will find that the amount you pay is a total of several charges: Gas Purchased Charge, the Customer Charge, the Distribution Charge, and local taxes. The following information describes these charges.

The Gas Purchased Charge is the actual cost of the natural gas you used in the billing period, plus the cost of transporting it to the Broadgate Gas system. We do not earn a profit on the cost of the gas. If you choose to buy your natural gas from a non-regulated supplies through our Customer Choice Program, this part of your gas bill will indicate the choice.

The Customer Charge is a fixed monthly fee that includes our cost for the maintenance and repair of gas lines and other customer service functions

The Distribution Charge is the cost of moving the natural gas through the Broadgate Gas system to your home. Prices fluctuate, depending on the amount of gas you use.

The local taxes are estimated and collected by Broadgate Gas and then remitted to the appropriate authority.

If you have any questions about your bill, call us at 806-543-6788. You may telephone us between the hours of 8:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. Monday to Friday.

maintenance : 유지관리

fluctuate : 변동하다.

remit : 인도하다.

appropriate : 적절한

authority : 당국, 공공 기관

1. For whom is this information intended?

(A) Local tax officials

(B) Residential gas users

(D) Government energy officials.

2. What do non-regulated suppliers provide?

(A) Information about taxes

(B) Natural gas

(D) Gas-line repair service

3. Which charge does NOT charge from month to month?

(A) The local tax

(B) The Distribution Charge

(D) The Gas Purchased Charge

Questions 4-6 refer to the following passage.

Forces other than damaging winds are also at work inside tornadoes. Sometimes, at the writhing, twisting funnel passes over a house, the walls and ceiling burst apart as if a bomb had gone off inside. This explosion is caused by the low air pressure at the center of a tornado.

The pressure at the center of a tornado is usually 13 pounds per square inch. However, inside the house the air pressure is normal, about 15 pounds per square inch. The difference of 2 pounds per square inch between the inside and outside pressure may not seem like much. But suppose a tornado funnel passes over a small building that measures 20 by 10 by 10 feet. On each square inch of the building, there is 2 pounds of pressure from inside that is not balanced by air pressure outside the building. On the ceiling, that adds up to an unbalanced pressure of 57,600 pounds. The pressure on the four walls adds up to 172,800 pounds.

If windows are open in the building, some of the inside air will rush out through them. This will balance the pressure inside and outside the building. But if the windows are shut tightly, the enormous inside pressure may cause the building to burst.

Unfortunately, heavy rain and hail often occur in thunderstorms that later produce tornadoes. So people frequently shut all windows to protect their property. This may cause far worse damage later. For the same reason, tornado cellars mush have an air vent. Otherwise, the cellar door might be blown out when a tornado passes over it.

writhe : 몸부림치다.

funnel : 깔때기

burst : 파열하다.

go off : (폭탄이) 터지다.

suppose = if

up to ∼ : ∼까지

enormous : 거대한

thunderstorm : 뇌우

cellar : 지하

vent : 구멍

4. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

(A) How tornadoes can be prevented

(B) When tornadoes usually occur

(D) Why tornadoes cause so much damage

5. In line 3, the word "funnel" refer to which of the following?

(A) A bomb

(B) A house

(D) An explosion

6 According to the passage, the pressure on a building during a tornado can be relieved by .

(A) closing the cellar

(B) opening the windows

(D) strengthening the roof and walls

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (B). 2. (D). 3. (A). 4. (B). 5. (C). 6. (B). 7. (D). 8. (C). 9. (A). 10. (C). 11. (D). 12. (B). 13. (A). 14. (D). 15. (C). 16. (D). 17. (B). 18. (A). 19. (D). 20. (C). 21. (B). 22. (D). 23. (A). 24. (C). 25. (D). 26. (D). 27. (B). 28. (A). 29. (C). 30. (D).

[B] 1. (B). 2. (A). 3. (D). 4. (A). 5. (C). 6. (C). 7. (A). 8. (B). 9. (A). 10. (C). 11. (C). 12. (B). 13. (C). 14. (A). 15. (C). 16. (A). 17. (A). 18. (A). 19. (B). 20. (C). 21. (A). 22. (D). 23. (D). 24. (A). 25. (A). 26. (C). 27. (D). 28. (A). 29. (B). 30. (C).

13. 관계사

2009-02-12T08:33:10Z

Chapter 13. 관계사

관계대명사, 관계부사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. Can you recommend a specialist in the field can help me?

(A) who (B) which

2. The strike at the car factory, lasted ten days, is now over.

(A) that (B) which

3. Peter we believe is the employee represents the company policy best.

(A) which - who (B) that - which

4. The new train line, has been running since March, serves each of the town's six stations.

(A) who (B) what

5. My lawyer, left Florida yesterday, will arrive in New York today.

(A) which (B) that

6. The employee the standard performance quota will be rewarded.

(A) that exceeds (B) who exceed

7. A softbound book is a book a light, flexible cardboard.

(A) that cover is made of

(B) which cover is made of

(D) cover of which is made of

8. A higher crime rate exists in cities a large percentage of unemployment.

(A) which they have (B) what have

9. Entering the crowded room, the woman could see not one person she knew.

(A) which (B) whom

10. Chloride also is a key ingredient of hydrochloric acid, helps dissolve food in the stomach.

(A) which (B) that

11. the cooks prepared for dinner was received with enthusiasm.

(A) Who (B) Whose

12. The woman Jack fell in love left him after a few months.

(A) who (B) whom

13. Everyone wishes to attend the annual company picnic must register by 12 noon today in the main lobby.

(A) which (B) who

14. The leader of the expedition marked out seemed to be the best route.

(A) that (B) who

15. There has been a ten-car accident on the interstate, was probably caused by flooding from heavy rains during the night.

(A) that (B) who

16. A logarithm is in algebra as an exponent.

(A) that is known (B) what is known

17. The company has decided to recruit seven new employees during the 1st quarter of next year, all of are expected to be female.

(A) whom (B) what

18. There are several applicants for the job in the reception room.

(A) which are waiting (B) which is waiting

19. Color, line, mass, and space are to a painter to an author.

(A) what words are (B) are what words

20. Who has read Tolstoy's great novels can forget their fascination?

(A) who (B) which

21. There is no man so bad he secretly respects the good.

(A) whom (B) but

22. How embarrassed we are nowadays! The next war will be more cruel can be imagined.

(A) that (B) which

23. There is no great leader is optimistic.

(A) but (B) who

24. The librarian went to look in the cupboard rare books were kept.

(A) which (B) what

25. March is the month applications for research funds must be submitted.

(A) which (B) when

26. The reason I was feeling happy that morning was that the conference was over.

(A) why (B) who

27. Shares of stock are traded on the stock exchange market forces determine the price.

(A) why (B) when

28. wishes to apply for the opening should sign here.

(A) Whoever (B) Whomever

29. Let me speak to is waiting for me.

(A) what (B) whom

30. Both of the floor tile the patterns were designed with great care, and we assure you that

you choose will bring years of satisfaction.

(A) whatever (B) whichever

31. description occurs in ballads is brief and conventional.

(A) Whatever (B) What

32. The American Funding Company charges a late fee to they find does not meet the deadline.

(A) whomever (B) whatever

33. We pledge our best efforts to help them for period is required.

(A) that (B) whoever

34. brings about happiness has utility, according to the doctrine of utilitarianism.

(A) That (B) Whatever

35. you appoint to the program, you are ultimately responsible for its success.

(A) No matter whom (B) No matter who

36. Portable computers enable people to use computer service they wish, whether it is at home, or on a train.

(A) whenever (B) whomever

37. Officers must raise funds, .

(A) how difficult it may be

(B) no matter how it may be difficult

(D) whatever it may be difficult

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. The Dormitory of this university opened (A)on March 2, 2008, (B)for the use of those students (C)what face difficulties (D)with board and lodging.

2. Linda (A)whom I thought was (B)the most qualified for the position told me (C)that she was not (D)interested.

3. Today the number of workers (A)which go (B)on strike for higher wages is (C)almost twice (D)that of twenty years ago.

4. (A)More than 40 percent (B)of all workers have projected retirement income (C)those is (D)less than half their pre-retirement income.

5. One of chief benefits I (A)used to derive (B)from being president of a university (C)was (D)what I had the pleasure of entering thoughtful men.

6. The United States and France will sign a deal (A)who allows the airlines (B)to cooperate more closely on fares, (C)scheduling and (D)shared revenues.

7. A banquet will be held on Saturday (A)to honor President Stephen Emerich, (B)which has been (C)a great asset to Essenco Electronics (D)for over twenty years.

8. Democracy is a word with (A)that we are so familiar (B)that we rarely take (C)the trouble to ask (D)what we mean by it.

9. If one of the participants (A)in a conversation wonders (B)which the other person said, (C)no real communication (D)has taken place.

10. I've had (A)some in-flight emergencies, like cockpit fires, which (B)is much more serious than (C)anything that happens (D)at the office.

11. Several (A)projects which Roebling Laboratories has received funding are schedule (B)to begin next month (C)provided that a sufficient (D)amount of space is available.

12. (A)The announcer of the program is one (B)whom we (C)agree should (D)receive the award.

13. We (A)believe your future career (B)will benefit from the same effort (C)which you've (D)devoted to your academic work.

14. The net price of this computer is ＄5,000, (A)to that must (B)be added VAT (C)at 10%, (D)making a gross price of ＄5,500.

15. Jack was (A)the only one of the boys (B)whom (C)as you know (D)was not eligible.

16. (A)A team of British and French scientists announced in Manchester yesterday (B)that they (C)have discovered a new drug which (D)appearing to reduce the need for sleep.

17. Our company procedures manual, (A)that (B)outlines the benefits, (C)has been changed (D)to reflect the new plan.

18. The driver and (A)the horse (B)which (C)fell into the river (D)were drowned.

19. It's (A)a pleasure (B)to be part of an organization (C)which employees truly believe (D)in their work.

20. Davis is the only salesman (A)who the president has invited (B)to attend the (C)upcoming board meeting (D)with our executives.

21. (A)Any meat (B)what (C)has been preserved (D)by drying is called "jerky"

22. (A)Although I expected something (B)different, I was (C)still surprised by (D)which he said.

23. (A)Seeing (B)what man has already accomplished, (C)it would be rash to place any limits upon (D)that he may accomplish in the future.

24. (A)There is no (B)work (C)whatever (D)what he can criticize.

25. The board of directors (A)intends to make major (B)changes to the budget, but is not certain (C)when will happen (D)given consideration to the current economic situation.

26. (A)There is no act, (B)however trivial, (C)that has (D)its train of consequences.

27. The location (A)in where the next shareholders' meeting was (B)supposed to take place has been changed (C)to the board room (D)located on the 5th floor.

28. He (A)started his (B)publishing career in 1942 (C)whenever he (D)founded the Johnson Publishing Company in Chicago.

29. One of the key reasons (A)what talented people leave their company is that they believe their managers don't (B)care about their development (C)or never talk (D)with them about their future.

30. The hammer (A)has been used (B)as a tool (C)since the Neolithic period, (D)when was invented.

31. He told me (A)the other day the way (B)how he (C)had done it (D)with the help of Judy and her friends.

32. Manufactures in many (A)industries are starting (B)to more and more of their operations (C)closer to the markets (D)which their products are being sold.

33. Oceanographers try (A)to find out (B)the way how marine organisms live (C)in relation to one another and (D)to their environment.

34. You can make (A)as many copies of the software (B)as you want (C)and give them to (D)whoever you want.

35. (A)No matter who themes of the movies are, young (B)consumers are easily (C)bored by the same and (D)unchanging fashion.

36. (A)Who has the (B)best performance will (C)be awarded the MVP trophy (D)at the end of the season.

37. (A)Contrary to the opinion of the members, the president (B)should appoint (C)whomever he thinks (D)can do the job most adequately.

38. (A)However (B)founding hotels, garment businesses, (C)or import-export operations, entrepreneurs need courage (D)and a belief in their own abilities.

39. Companies today can (A)no longer afford (B)to pay attention only to (C)their domestic market, no matter (D)how it is large.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-2 refer to the following passage.

The job of the middleman is to collect the different products from the various manufacturers, and then to divide them into amounts which the customers require. The middleman gives the products place utility by delivering or transporting them to where they are needed. Two types of middlemen are merchant middleman, who actually take title to the merchandise, and agent middleman, who arrange for the transfer of title between manufacture and wholesaler. An example of a merchant middleman might be a person who owns a warehouse, buys large quantities of goods from manufacturers, and then distributes them to companies who purchase smaller quantities. An example of an agent middleman would be a broker who earns a commission by putting buyer and seller in contact with one another.

divide A into B : A를 B로 나누다.

title : (재산의) 소유권, 권리증

agent middleman : 대리 중간상인

wholesaler : 도매업자

warehouse : 창고

in contact with ∼ : ∼ 와 접촉하여

1. What is the rule of the middleman?

(A) The middleman is a wholesaler

(B) The middleman manufacturers goods as they are needed.

(D) The middleman gets the goods from producers and distributes them to the people and places as needs.

2. What are the merchant middleman and the agent middleman?

(A) The agent middleman works for the merchant middleman.

(B) The agent middleman represents the merchant middleman.

(D) The agent middleman puts the merchant middleman in contact with buyers.

Questions 3-5 refer to the following passage.

Cultural barriers would not be important if the various groupings of people on this planet never came into contact with one another. There would be no need to communicate with people who speak a different language and who conduct their lives according to a different set of assumptions about the many aspects of existence. But it is precisely because the world is not made up of isolated groups of people that cultural barriers are so important. The fact is, as Marshall McLuhan and others have pointed out, that the enormous increase in population and the great advances in mass communication and transportation that have occurred over the past century and a half have brought about a greater intermixing of peoples and cultures than ever before. The continuation of these developments, together with the rapidly increasing economic interdependence among nations, would seem to guarantee even more widespread and increasingly frequent cultural intermixing in the future as the multiplicity of societies evolves towards the "global village" McLuhan speaks of. The prospect before us is that relatively few individuals, and even fewer of the world's cultures, will escape being touched in some way by the intercultural experience.

came into contact with ∼

: ∼와 접촉하다.

assumption : 가정, 가설

aspect : 양상, 국면

enormous : 거대한, 막대한

intermix : 섞다, 혼합하다.

interdependence : 상호의존

guarantee : 장담하다.

widespread : 광범위한, 만연한

increasingly : 점점 더

the multiplicity of : 가지각색의

evolve : 전개하다, 발전시키다.

intercultural : 다른 문화간에

3. The best title for the passage is .

(A) Barriers to Intercultural Communication

(B) Technology and Culture

(D) Problems of Cultural Intermixing

4. According to the writer, an enormous increase in population has occurred for roughly

(A) 300 years

(B) 150 years

(D) 100 years

5. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

(A) Cultural intermixing will cause conflict in many societies.

(B) Cultural intermixing and globalization are inevitable in the future.

(D) Cultural barriers are not important unless people choose to come into contact with other cultures.

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (A). 2. (B). 3. (D). 4. (D). 5. (C). 6. (A). 7. (C). 8. (D). 9. (B). 10. (A). 11. (C). 12. (D. 13. (B). 14. (D). 15. (C). 16. (B). 17. (A). 18. (C). 19. (A). 20. (D). 21. (B). 22. (C). 23. (A). 24. (C). 25. (B). 26. (A). 27. (D). 28. (A). 29. (D). 30. (B). 31. (A). 32. (C). 33. (D). 34. (B). 35. (A). 36. (D). 37. (C).

[B] 1. (C). 2. (A). 3. (A). 4. (C). 5. (D). 6. (A). 7. (B). 8. (A). 9. (B). 10. (B). 11. (A). 12. (B). 13. (C). 14. (A). 15. (B). 16. (D). 17. (A). 18. (B). 19. (C). 20. (A). 21. (B). 22. (D). 23. (D). 24. (D). 25. (C). 26. (C). 27. (A). 28. (C). 29. (A). 30. (D). 31. (B). 32. (D). 33. (B). 34. (D). 35. (A). 36. (A). 37. (C). 38. (A). 39. (D).

12. 접속사

2009-02-12T08:31:17Z

Chapter 12. 접속사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. Mr. Randy completed the project yesterday gave the final report to me this morning.

(A) but (B) nor

2. For a more effective campaign, we need both a new product a new director.

(A) or (B) and

3. The streams of Nevada's Great Basin have no outlet to the sea; they either dry up

empty into one of the basin's lakes, where they evaporate.

(A) but (B) nor

4. The incentive were offered, no one showed interest.

(A) but (B) and

5. Water not only fills you up with something free of calories cleans your body.

(A) nor (B) and

6. Organisms regulate their movements positions in response to environmental stimuli.

(A) have (B) where

7. Many people know of the need to sleep at least 8 hours a night, they continuously fail to do so.

(A) and (B) but

8. I cannot accede to your request now, nor make any promise for the future.

(A) I can (B) can I

9. He was considered arrogant, he was not considered for promotion.

(A) but (B) yet

10. the water has become polluted is a matter of grave concern,

(A) That (B) What

11. I told him we could change the order, but that the extra-firm mattress cost 10% more than the firm mattress.

(A) who (B) whose

12. Please let us know you will attend the law seminar on Jun 10.

(A) that (B) what

13. he arrives, our representatives will present the new plan to the public.

(A) While (B) When

14. milk is readily digested by most people, the calcium, phosphorus, and other nutrients in it are promptly and effectively utilized by the body.

(A) Because (B) Though

15. employees successfully complete the 3-month probationary period of their contract, they will automatically be given an increase in pay.

(A) Upon (B) Later

16. he possesses such business acumen, he was able to regain the control of the company.

(A) Despite (B) If

17. he opened the meeting, the project director amended the agenda.

(A) Before (B) While

18. rumor have circulated regarding Dell Security's imminent demise, business is running on smoothly as usual.

(A) in spite of (B) Despite

19. Refunds can only be made the original receipt is enclosed when they are requested.

(A) if (B) unless

20. No financial advice you get is worth anything you can put that advice into action.

(A) if (B) unless

21. people depend to such a great extent on forests, every effort much be made to preserve trees and wildlife.

(A) So (B) That

22. The government has said it would not yield power to civilians a new constitution is established.

(A) when (B) until

23. Mr. Ramirez has said that he would never quit his job with CNN, rumors have been circulating.

(A) Despite (B) When

24. You will not be able to defend yourself sufficiently you review the regulations.

(A) if (B) unless

25. the negotiations were going on, the workers decided to strike.

(A )But (B) So

26. Treat others you wish them to treat you.

(A) as (B) because

27. They did not reach his monthly quota he worked a lot of overtime.

(A) because (B) despite

28. the inspector got there, the trouble started up again between the couple.

(A) Scarcely (B) As soon as

29. there is such a wide range of drugs, different ones react differently with certain foods, such as cheese and alcohol, and other drugs, such as the contraceptive pill.

(A) So (B) That

30. A meeting for all department managers has been arrange we can discuss the most recent personnel problems.

(A) so that (B) in order to

31. Take care lest you make a mistake of this kind again.

(A) might (B) should

32. The new shoe has been successful that the company is contemplating on doubling its production.

(A) such (B) too

33. Keep the local people here we can thrive despite not having enough tourists coming here.

(A) so (B) that

34. Write your name and address on your bag you lose your bag.

(A) if (B) unless

35. This automobile will last a long time long as maintenance checks are performed regularly.

(A) as (B) so

36. The force exerted by tornadoes is great that they have been known to lift railroad locomotives off their tracks.

(A) as (B) such

37. heroic, he was not very popular among his people. The reason was that he once was sympathetic to communism.

(A) He is ever so (B) Be he ever so

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. Port Stephens is both (A)a peaceful resort town (B)but a vibrant economic center where luxury goods from (C)around the world are (D)available duty-free.

2. (A)Both the male and female walrus (B)has large tusks (C)that made them prime targets for attack (D)by ivory hunters.

3. Employees (A)who work approved overtime on Saturdays, Sundays, or holidays (B)are paid double time for those hours, regardless of (C)how many regular (D)and overtime hours they worked that week.

4. The world's (A)most abundant food source is (B)either rice nor fish, but krill, a small, shrimp-like crustacean (D)which lives in the Antarctic Ocean.

5. (A)These days, libraries lend not (B)even books, but (C)also other items (D)like cassettes and games.

6. You should (A)consider all (B)aspects of your (C)decision, negative (D)so well as positive.

7. A consortium is trying (A)to get the contract (B)not (C)to build the hospital but to supply all the equipment (D)as well.

8. (A)Either the carpenter or the electrician can store (B)their tools (C)in the shed, but (D)there is no room for both sets.

9. She said (A)what acquiring (B)crucial information (C)about employers can be an (D)effective networking tool.

10. One of the (A)key reasons that (B)talented people leave is (C)why they believe their managers don't (D)care about their development or never talk with them about their future.

11. Maybe I should (A)suggest to the manager (B)which courtesy (C)be included as (D)one of the topics at new employee orientation sessions.

12. (A)Before you buy (B)anything, ask yourself (C)which you really need it and (D)always try to recycle.

13. I am sorry (A)to inform you (B)what we (C)have filled the position of optician (D)for which you recently applied.

14. (A)If or not a (B)given task (C)is routine (D)depends on experience and capabilities.

15. Greenpeace believe (A)that we all must learn to live in peace, just not only with other humans, (B)and with all the beautiful animals on earth. We must work now (C)to protect the future of the earth, (D)or it may be too late.

16. (A)That you are in the building, please wear your identification badge (B)at all times (C)so that you are (D)recognizable as a company employee.

17. Mr. Wilson was (A)late for his dentist appointment (B)that there was a major accident (C)on the local (D)freeway.

18. (A)When there is such a wide (B)range of drugs, different ones react (C)differently with certain foods, (D)such as cheese and alcohol, and other drugs, such as the contraceptive pill.

19. (A)Unless you have any questions (B)regarding this memorandum, (C)or if you'd like to discuss security issues, please come (D)and see me in my office.

20. (A)In general, when interest rates are high, investors (B)prefer bonds, and (C)while interest rates are low, (D)the preference is for stocks.

21. Paleontology, (A)which is closely (B)related to the study of evolutions, is a discipline (C)that examines life (D)for it existed in past geological times.

22. (A)If employers may be impressed (B)by your record, you will (C)still have to prove (D)yourself on the job.

23. That (A)type of person (B)usually doesn't listen very well. I suggest (C)that you have a talk with him (D)after there are any problems.

24. (A)In case photosynthesis (B)were to stop, most living things (C)would disappear from the Earth (D)in a few years.

25. Mark asked his business partner to (A)give him (B)a ride to the airport (C)as that he (D)wouldn't have to pay for parking.

26. Let's keep the heating (A)on (B)of case the temperatures drop (C)below zero (D)over night.

27. Shakespeare's (A)vocabulary was (B)since immense (C)that he knew three times (D)as many words as the average person.

28. Computer have (A)made it so (B)much easier to correct individual pages (C)what we can (D)quickly update our employee handbook.

29. Jack was in (A)so a hurry (B)that he (C)ran up the three flights of stairs instead of (D)waiting for the elevator.

30. Basically, we agreed (A)on reducing the (B)per unit price of our products so long (C)that they agree to go (D)on contract with us.

31. Many teachers and students don't regard spelling mistakes (A)as reasons to lower grades on papers and tests, (B)so long as the writing conveys its (C)intended message to (D)its audience.

32. We (A)put up a fence (B)lest the neighbors (C)would (D)overlook us.

33. (A)On the event that we (B)are forced to cancel a (C)scheduled performance, we will refund (D)the cost of the ticket.

34. (A)As the tanker entered the port, four crewmen were (B)isolated that they (C)can not spread the cholera germs (D)which were suspected to carry.

35. In proportion (A)that a man gets away (B)from being the slave of his surroundings, (C)to the extent he has triumphed (D)over the obstacles of nature, he has advanced physically and intellectually.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-3 refer to the following passage.

Business norms and behavior also vary from country. U.S. business executives need to be briefed on these factors before dealing in another country. Here are some examples of different foreign business behavior.

* South Americans like to sit or stand very close to each other when they talk business - in fact, almost nose-to-nose. The American business executive tends to keep backing away as the South American moves closer. Both may thus end up being offended.

* In face-to-face communications, Japanese executives rarely say no to an American business executive. Americans tend to be frustrated and may not know where they stand. American come to the point quickly. Japanese business executives may find this behavior offensive.

* In France, wholesaler don't want to promote a product. They ask their retailers what they want and deliver it. If an American company builds its strategy around the French wholesaler's cooperating in promotions, it is likely to fail.

* When American executive exchanges business cards, each usually gives the other's card a cursory glance and stuffs it in a pocket for later reference. In Japan, however, executives dutifully study each other's card during a greeting, carefully nothing company affiliation and rank. They hand their card to the most important person first.

Thus, each country and region has cultural traditions, preferences, and behaviors that the marketer must study.

norm : 표준, 기준

executive : 영업 관리자.

back away : 뒤로 물러서다.

end up : 끝나다.

offend : (감정을) 상하게 하다.

frustrate : 방해하다.

come to the point : 요점에 이르다.

offensive : 불쾌한, 화나는

wholesaler : 도매업자

retailer : 소매상인

strategy : 전략, 계획

cursory glance : 흘긋 봄

stuff : 넣다.

reference : 참조, 조회

dutifully : 예의 바른

affiliation : 합병, 제휴

preference : 더 좋아함

1. What is the main topic of this passage?

(A) The inconvenience of doing business in foreign countries.

(B) The way Americans do business in foreign countries.

(D) Cultural and behavior differences in business according to nationality.

2. Which of the following is a typical American business behavior?

(A) Americans wholesalers help the retailer market the product.

(B) Americans exchange business cards with great ceremony.

(D) American business behavior varies from country to country.

3. What do Americans think about business cards?

(A) They think it is a very significant element in introduction.

(B) They have a very casual attitude about business cards.

(D) They usually hand their cards to the most important person first.

Questions 4-6 refer to the following paragraph.

The gap between rich and poor countries will also become more and more glaring in the area of medical care. WHO point s out the growing disparity between the North and South in health and life expectancy. The gap will widen with the increasing sophistication of therapeutic methods in the industrialized countries and the inadequate or practically non-existent medical infrastructures in the other half of the world. Perhaps the real scandal of our present situation is that high mortality rates in certain regions may come to be seen as a de facto solution to the problem of rapid population growth. It is necessary to analyse carefully the processes, patterns and time span for world demographic transition, and to study more closely its relationship with the environment.

glaring : 빛나는, 역력한

disparity : 불균형

sophistication : 정교화

therapeutic : 치료상의

inadequate : 불충분한

infrastructure : 기본적 시설

mortality : 사망률

de facto : 사실상의

span : 기간

demographic : 인구 (통계)학의

transition : 변화, 변천

4. The main concern of the paragraph is .

(A) economic gap

(B) life expectancy

(D) medical development

5. "The North and South" in this paragraph refer to respectively.

(A) communist nations and democratic nations

(B) industrialized countries and primitive regions

(D) needy people and wealthy people

6. The other half of the world may be characterized by .

(A) high death rates

(B) medical infrastructures

(D) demographic transition

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (C). 2. (B). 3. (D). 4. (A). 5. (C). 6. (D). 7. (B). 8. (B). 9. (C). 10. (A). 11. (D). 12. (C). 13. (B). 14. (A). 15. (D). 16. (C). 17. (A). 18. (C). 19. (A). 20. (B). 21. (D). 22. (B). 23. (D). 24. (B). 25. (C). 26. (A). 27. (D). 28. (B). 29. (C). 30. (A). 31. (B). 32. (D). 33. (B). 34. (C). 35. (A). 36. (D). 37. (B).

[B] 1. (B). 2. (B). 3. (D). 4. (B). 5. (B). 6. (D). 7. (B). 8. (B). 9. (A). 10. (C). 11. (B). 12. (C). 13. (B). 14. (A). 15. (B). 16. (A). 17. (B). 18. (A). 19. (A). 20. (C). 21. (D). 22. (A). 23. (D). 24. (A). 25. (C). 26. (B). 27. (B). 28. (C). 29. (A). 30. (C). 31. (B). 32. (C). 33. (A). 34. (C). 35. (A).

11. 전치사

2009-02-12T08:30:03Z

Chapter 11. 전치사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. All the new employees were asked to attend an initiation at the company's ski resort

Whistler.

(A) from (B) around

2. The zone the radioactive product waste facility has now been designated an officially off-limits area in order to protect employee safety.

(A) of (B) on

3. Christmas Eve of 1492, the flag ship of Columbus' mission of discovery became the first European ship to wreck in American waters.

(A) above (B) in

4. Holiday hours are in effect only the Christmas season, which runs from the 1st of December to the 24th.

(A) during (B) for

5. Hawks serve an important purpose in the scheme of nature preying on destructive rodents, such as mice and rats.

(A) to (B) of

6. At that time, business was booming the city and many newly rich families built magnificent homes in this area.

(A) of (B) in

7. They were separated during the war and haven't seen each other 20 years.

(A) for (B) from

8. opening a year ago, the shopping mall has expanded its staffs to fifty.

(A) After (B) Because

9. The store was kept open ten o'clock five nights a week.

(A) by (B) for

10. the last one hundred years, the advent of the telephone, radio, television, and computer has made rapid long-distance communication possible.

(A) At (B) In

11. Conifers first appeared on the Earth the early Permian period, some 270 million years ago.

(A) when (B) for

12. The corporation, which underwent a major restructuring seven years ago, has been growing steadily five years.

(A) for (B) during

13. Although many products are out of stock due to the Christmas season, all efforts will be made to fill your order 12 days.

(A) in (B) within

14. 1866 to 1883, the bison population in North America was reduced from an estimated 13 million to a few hundred.

(A) From (B) After

15. We have not heard from the applicant the interview two weeks ago.

(A) in (B) by

16. In mountainous regions, much of the snow that falls is compacted ice.

(A) into (B) from

17. efforts to increase the awareness of the bad effects of tobacco, many people are still smoking.

(A) Although (B) Even though

18. Many corporations have found that doing a great deal of business telephone is more profitable than sending officials on frequent business trips.

(A) for (B) with

19. They plan to reduce spending about one million dollars during the next fiscal year.

(A) at (B) by

20. an extreme change in the government's handling of the illegal political funds scandal, the public's image of the government will further deteriorate.

(A) Unless (B) Except

21. The desire to stop parents quarreling is expressed by a large number of children everywhere.

(A) from (B) of

22. The cancellation of that product line was its poor sales record.

(A) because (B) since

23. The tunnel would run the Grendam Sea, and, at 57km in length, would be the third-largest sea-crossing construction in the world.

(A) below (B) above

24. Never before was it possible for one nation to make war on another without sending armies

borders.

(A) among (B) across

25. the alarming report of earth tremors nearby, the workers proceeded to lay the foundation of the building.

(A) Though (B) Despite

26. Most of us know that conductors direct their orchestra a baton, but how many are aware that they also direct with their faces, hands, and shoulders?

(A) for (B) in

27. In spite the problems of traditional school, classrooms hold many advantages over online classes.

(A) with (B) on

28. A year later the newspaper factory was discontinued for a while due a fire.

(A) for (B) to

29. We'll get it as soon as we can. A lot of pipes have burst because of the weather.

(A) to (B) for

30. a recent study, people who change jobs more than twice in one year are more prone to stress-related illnesses.

(A) According (B) Accord to

31. He was acquitted the murder charge.

(A) from (B) off

32. A South American parrot, which can be bought from a poacher only a few dollars, sells in Europe for as much as $4,000.

(A) from (B) for

33. These batteries are strong enough to power your laptop for to eight hours.

(A) with (B) for

34. In of emergency in this building, we should have no means of escape.

(A) cases (B) terms

35. providing lodgings for strangers, the taverns of colonial America were also meeting places and centers of social life.

(A) In addition (B) In addition to

36. The police should exercise stricter control illegal parking in front of the station.

(A) to (B) for

37. The rapid technological advances of the twentieth century have been bought an alarming depletion of our natural resources.

(A) by the expense of (B) at the expense of

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. The infectious disease (A)broke out (B)in Baltimore and soon spread (C)at (D)neighboring cities.

2. The (A)negotiating team (B)will fly to Bangkok (C)at Tuesday for (D)talks with the Thai workers' union.

3. I'll be staying (A)in New York (B)by Friday, (C)so give me a ring (D)on Thursday.

4. According (A)to a report published (B)in Australia, property prices will have an accumulated growth of 37 percent (C)in Melbourne and 38 percent (D)at Sydney, from now until the year 2003.

5. (A)Fruit flies (B)complete their life cycle (C)among two (D)weeks.

6. (A)At the latest, all financial reports that have been (B)undertaken by the accounting department must (C)be completed (D)until December 30.

7. (A)If your shipment is not delivered (B)in 10 days, you can claim (C)a full refund (D)on the merchandise.

8. (A)Although improving economic conditions, (B)the number of Americans (C)living (D)below the poverty level increased slightly in 1993.

9. (A)Although there are (B)some similarities (C)in the platforms of both candidates, the differences (D)among them are considerably wide.

10. The classroom will remain open (A)within 11:00 p.m. (B)for the convenience (C)of course participants and (D)professors.

11. The blue sea is (A)crystal clear, and warm enough (B)to swim (C)in even (D)in midnight.

12. (A)While the (B)nineteenth century, North American (C)architects developed distinctive (D)variations on the European architectural models.

13. (A)After a thorough inspection of the Babylonian (B)tables, he predicted that another eclipse of the sun was (C)due (D)in May 28, 585 B.C.

14. An empiricist (A)arrives (B)at conclusions (C)through way of the inductive method (D)of reasoning.

15. (A)Since (B)nearly fifty years superconductivity defied explanation and was one of (C)the outstanding puzzles (D)of physics.

16. (A)Beside your (B)primary duty (C)to God, you (D)are to love your parents.

17. The first flight (A)from Seoul is (B)at 6:30 in the morning and (C)thereafter every hour at 30 minutes past the hour (D)to 9:30 in the evening.

18. (A)Because New (B)Jersey's (C)proximity to New York, it is an important link (D)in the nation's transportation system.

19. (A)Situated (B)at an elevation of 3,660 meters (C)over sea level, La Paz is (D)the highest capital city in the world.

20. (A)Since over fifty years, Grant Wood's (B)portrait painting American Gothic has (C)occupied a place in the (D)popular culture of the United States.

21. We had nothing (A)to do with David Swan (B)until we found him (C)at the age of twenty on the road from his home (D)for the city of Boston.

22. There will be an urgent meeting (A)in this weekend (B)for all heads (C)of departments (D)in the main conference room.

23. (A)To receive your complimentary weekend guest pass, please (B)complete the (C)enclosed questionnaire and (D)return it the front desk.

24. The rapid technological advances of the (A)twentieth century have (B)been bought (C)for the expense of an alarming depletion (D)of our natural resources.

25. To comply (A)on city regulations, (B)any existing clay drainage pipes will (C)have to be replaced with steel or PVC.

26. Bells are (A)frequently made (B)from bronze, (C)an alloy of approximately (D)three parts copper and one part tin.

27. Prices for meals and hotels (A)in Chile (B)are not only lower than they would be in most European countries, but (C)in least a third lower than those (D)in the United States.

28. When a car fails to start (A)at cold mornings, drivers are (B)often surprised to learn that the problem is (C)with the starter motor instead (D)of the battery.

29. The Internet is a world-wide network of computers linked (A)by telephone lines, bringing about, (B)in theory, an unprecedented exchange (C)of information (D)among buyers and sellers.

30. (A)Excepting for special exhibitions, (B)most museums (C)in the United States have (D)no admission charge.

31. (A)The moment he (B)noticed two bears (C)coming out (D)from the forest, he ran away.

32. Nowadays (A)between the general public, (B)a lot of younger (C)Koreans have (D)become more aware of the employment crisis.

33. (A)In spite the alarming report (B)of earth tremors nearby, the workers proceeded (C)to lay the foundation (D)of the building.

(D)

34. (A)When Edison returned (B)to his hometown, (C)in the age of twenty one, people were beginning to take an interest (D)in his scientific experiments.

35. (A)In spite for (B)their continued efforts, factories and cars are (C)still producing too much dirty smoke or (D)putting too many chemicals into the air.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-4 refer to the following letter.

12 Main Street

New Plymouth, New Zealand

May 25

Sylvia Chen

Interactive Systems International

Promenade Plazz

Singapore

Dear Ms. Chen:

Dorothy Blume of the ECN Group suggested that I write to you for information about opportunities in the field of international communication at your company, Interactive Systems International.

Three Months ago, I graduated from Middletown University, where I majored in Communications with a concentration in media relations. While I was at the university, I worked as the news editor of the Middletown Campus Times, interned for two semesters as a writer and editor at the ECN Group in the proposal division, and created my own small public relations company called Insights Interactive. My extensive experience writing press releases and news articles in combination with my fluency in both Mandarin Chinese and Russian would make me an ideal person to create communications materials for Interactive Systems International.

I will call you in a week to arrange a time when we can talk in person. In the meantime, please review my enclosed resume. I hope to meet with you soon.

Sincerely

Mark Browne

Enclosure

major in ∼ : ∼을 전공하다.

public relations : 홍보(PR)

extensive : 광대한, 넓은

Mandarin Chinese : 표준 중국어

press release : 언론 보도

in combination with ∼ : ∼와 함께

communication material : 보도 자료

in person : 직접 만나서

In the meantime : 그 동안에

1. Why did Mark Browne write this letter?

(A) To inquire about employment

(B) To contact a college friend

(D) To recommend a colleague

2. What did Mark Browne do at the ECN Group?

(A) He translated articles into Russian.

(B) He worked as a television journalist.

(D) He wrote and edited proposals.

3. What is NOT implied in the letter?

(A) Dorothy Blume knew Mark Browne from previous job.

(B) Mark Browne started his own business.

(D) Mark Browne understands more than two Languages.

4. What does Mark Browne say he will do?

(A) Contact the Middletown Campus Times

(B) Call Sylvia Chen

(D) Send an e-mail to Interactive Systems International

Questions 5-6 refer to the following passage.

Historians concur that Europe maintained a central position in the world during the 19th century. It is impossible to understand the obstacles that faced the inhabitants of the planet today without bearing in mind what allowed this to take place. There were three factors that were primarily responsible.

The first was the fact that there was, within the boundaries of Europe, an exceptionally large portion of the world's farmland. As a result, European countries could feed their people without serious adversity and developed a thriving trade.

The second factor was the control of the seas. The European, with their superior arms and ships, could attack any other continent while defending themselves from annihilation at home. Dealings in commodities at sea brought affluence to the European continent while many other areas of the world deteriorated. No one can deny that many problems that beset other continents during the 19th century were not present in Europe because of its control over the oceans.

The third advantage that the Europeans enjoyed was their astounding development in science and technology. With the development of steam power and electricity came a bountiful supply of energy, allowing the diligent workers to produce goods for the merchants more cheaply and quickly, and speeding up transportation and communication.

bear in mind : 명심하다.

take place : 일어나다.

adversity : 역경, 불행

thriving : 번성[번영]하는

annihilation : 전멸

commodity : 상품

deal in : 취급하다.

affluence : 풍부, 부유

deteriorate : 나빠지다, 악화하다.

beset : 포위하다, 에워싸다.

astounding : 몹시 놀라게 하는

bountiful : 풍부한

5. What is the best title of this passage?

(A) The Growth of Europe in the 19th Century

(B) A Historical Perspective of Power Struggle

(D) Gradual Development of European Science

6. Which of the following statements corresponds to the passage?

(A) Science helped European farmers enjoy prosperity in the 19th century.

(B) Historians didn't content that Europe was responsible in the 19th century.

(D) Historian agree that control over seas helped free Europe from many problems.

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (C). 2. (A). 3. (D). 4. (A). 5. (C). 6. (B). 7. (A). 8. (C). 9. (D). 10. (B). 11. (C). 12. (A). 13. (B). 14. (A). 15. (D). 16. (A). 17. (C). 18. (D). 19. (B). 20. (D). 21. (A). 23. (A). 24. (A). 25. (B). 26. (D). 27. (C). 28. (B). 29. (A). 30. (C). 31. (D). 32. (B). 33. (C). 34. (D). 35. (B). 36. (C). 37. (B).

[B] 1. (C). 2. (C). 3. (B). 4. (D). 5. (C). 6. (D). 7. (B). 8. (A). 9. (D). 10. (A). 11. (D). 12. (A). 13. (D). 14. (C). 15. (A). 16. (A). 17. (D). 18. (A). 19. (C). 20. (A). 21. (D). 22. (A). 23. (D). 24. (C). 25. (A). 26. (B). 27. (C). 28. (A). 29. (D). 30. (A). 31. (D). 32. (A). 33. (A). 34. (C). 35. (A).

10. 분사

2009-02-09T13:18:46Z

Chapter 10. 분사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. A new factory 200 people has just opened in the town.

(A) employ (B) employing

2. All security cards from this office must be countersigned.

(A) issued (B) issuing

3. Dick was sitting the newspaper, when I called on him.

(A) read (B) to read

4. They left me in the restaurant alone.

(A) sat (B) sitting

5. Employees in the office after 8 p.m. are requested to inform the security guard at the main desk.

(A) will remain (B) remain

6. The witness looks by the question.

(A) confusing (B) confused

7. New employees must undergo a physical examination, which is by the company before a contract can be signed.

(A) require (B) requirement

8. IBM Software offers the widest range of applications and operating systems

customers to take full advantage of the new era of e-business.

(A) allow (B) allowed

9. Because she changed her travel, Miss Brown wants the cost of her airline tickets

in full.

(A) refund (B) to refund

10. The most common form of candle is a hard cylinder of paraffin with a wick

through its center.

(A) run (B) ran

11. Please note the agenda for Friday's meeting, a copy of which is enclosed to this letter.

(A) revised (B) revise

12. The government has recently passed a low all foreign workers to renew their working permits every years.

(A) require (B) requiring

13. Workers who perform and routine work experience an alienation from the products they produce.

(A) bore (B) to bore

14. The researchers pointed to a two hundred kilogram giant squid up on an Australian beach last month as the evidence.

(A) washing (B) wash

15. Inaugurated a second time on March 4, 1901, focused on domestic rather than foreign policies.

(A) William Mckinley looked forward to new term

(B) William Mckinley's new term looked forward to and

(D) the new term looked forward to William Mckinley and

16. that the meeting might start late, Sandra went to the copy center to run additional agendas.

(A) Realized (B) To realize

17. IBM dominated the mainframe and microcomputer markets, around 50%.

(A) have (B) to have

18. Returning to my apartment, .

(A) my watch was missed

(B) the watch was missed

(D) I found my watch disappeared

19. The production of coal in the country is relatively insignificant, less than one million tons annually.

(A) amount to it (B) in the amount

20. While staying in Florence, Italy, in 1894, that she had a talent for sculpture and began taking lessons.

(A) discovered by philanthropist Winifred Holt

(B) philanthropist Winifred Holt discovered

(D) that the philanthropist Winifred Holt discover ed

21. She said so her eyes twinkling with mischief.

(A) as (B) when

22. Electrical resistance is a common property of all materials, .

(A) differing only in degree

(B) it only differs in degree

(D) only in degree it differs

23. He is taking care of the children alone, his wife sick in the hospital.

(A) because (B) due to

24. the plane, I had to wait till the following day for a connection.

(A) Missing (B) Having missing

25. Trying to break into their fifth house in one week, .

(A) the capture of the robbers was finally accomplished

(B) it finally happened that the robbers were captured

(D) the robbers were finally caught.

26. , a corporation must keep official records of its income.

(A) Once formed (B) Once forming

27. The letter, , were not signed until 5 p.m.

(A) transcribing (B) being transcribing

28. under a microscope, a fresh snow-flake has a delicate six-pointed shape.

(A) Seen (B) Sees

29. , he applied to me for advice.

(A) Not known what to do

(B) Not knowing what to do

(D) Don't knowing what to do

30. Noticing the time, .

(A) the broad meeting adjourned

(B) the broad meeting was adjourned

(D) the chairman had adjourned the meeting

31. speaking, the academic level of university students has declined since 1990.

(A) Frank (B) Generally

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. (A)Declined population in the centers of American cities (B)have resulted in (C)a large number of (D)abandoned building.

2. Jehoiada gave it (A)to the men who (B)carried out the work (C)require for the temple of (D)the Lord.

3. He was (A)very exciting at the prospect of (B)a journey into the remote (C)interior of (D)the island.

4. Advertising attempts (A)to influence the customer's (B)buying habits (C)so that they will purchase the product (D)advertising.

5. If a change (A)is made to a (B)linked object, all the documents (C)contained the same link are automatically (D)updated the next time you open them.

6. The paintwork on the body of the cars became (A)discolor (B)because of a chemical imbalance in the paint (C)used in (D)spraying the vehicles.

7. The (A)boiled point of a liquid is the temperature (B)at which it starts (C)to change into steam or vapor (D)by heating.

8. The (A)frustrated workers, (B)organizing to form an association, found themselves (C)confronting with (D)disinterested co-workers.

9. Many senior citizens, including (A)retire persons (B)with many years of work experience, have (C)trouble (D)matching their skills to the current job market.

10. (A)Buried in the smoke of many rifles, his anger was (B)directed not so much against the men (C)rushing toward him as against the general (D)choked heat of the day.

11. Our survey was (A)based on discussions (B)moderating by a psychologist (C)who took a number of (D)groups, some who used and some who did not use your products.

12. (A)Understanding cultural habits of another nation is a (B)complex, (C)bewildered task, but the rewards of knowing some of them are (D)enormous.

13. (A)Read the report, I am sure you (B)will agree that our sales (C)prospects are better than (D)anticipated.

14. (A)To anticipate a recession, the marketing director wanted (B)to develop new products and make new marketing plans for (C)existing products before (D)leaving the market completely.

15. She refused (A)to walk (B)to lunch (C)in the rain, (D)having not an umbrella,

16. (A)Spending nearly (B)all our money, we couldn't (C)afford (D)to stay in a hotel.

17. (A)Read the report carefully, the manager decided (B)that it (C)should be rewritten (D)as there were too many errors.

18. I don't know (A)exactly (B)how you feel, (C)being not (D)there then.

19. (A)Been in (B)their cages, the wild animals (C)may be very dangerous (D)to anyone.

20. (A)Hiring not permanently, interns can have networking sources (B)with those (C)who can lead them (D)to other jobs.

21. Having (A)hit (B)more home-runs than (C)any other player in the history of baseball, (D)Hank Aaron's record is famous.

22. (A)Catching outdoors, lie (B)down or stay (C)on low ground (D)if possible

23. The dispatcher, (A)finishing (B)filling out the forms, meant (C)to sign them, but forgot (D)to do so and was ordered to retrieve them.

24. (A)It was (B)a misty morning, (C)for little wind (D)blowing.

25. (A)After signing, the invoice was (B)handed over to the agent (C)with a sigh (D)of relief.

26. He failed (A)to recognize her (B)at first, (C)having not seen her (D)for fifteen years or so.

27. (A)While golfing, a rabbit ran (B)across the course (C)and knocked the ball (D)into the hole.

28. (A)Boring by their routine, the supervisor decided his (B)depressed employees need (C)stimulating incentives and instigated their (D)proposed benefit program.

29. It went on like this (A)with me (B)stood there, (C)holding the scallops in my hand and (D)wondering.

30. (A)While our parking near the bank of a (B)fast-flowing river, a boat that was going against the current (C)capsized and dumped the (D)occupants into the water.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-3 refer to the following advertisement.

Have you ever wondered what your pet was thinking? Do you want to enhance your understanding of your dog or cat? Professor Shasta Ewing, a leading animal behaviorist, will be conducting an informative workshop entitled "Understanding Your Pet." This session will explore animal cognition and behavior commonly demonstrated by our pets. Professor Ewing has studied with the esteemed Drs. Nitz and Francis, authors of My Pet and Me. A demonstration of animal training will be given by Professor Edward West. All registered participants will receive a certificate of attendance. Audiocassettes will also be available for purchase.

Location Fee Time

Halpem Hotel ＄25 11 a.m.-2:30 p.m.

enhance : 높이다, 강화하다.

session : 개회 기간, 강습회

cognition : 인식

demonstrate : 증명[설명]하다.

esteem : 존경[존중]하다.

demonstration : 증명, 중거

participant : 참가자

certificate : 증명서

1. Who is going to lead this workshop?

(A) Professor Ewing

(B) Professor West

(D) Dr. Francis

2. What is the topic of the workshop?

(A) Photographing wildlife

(B) How to select a pet

(D) Animal behavior

3. What is provided with registration?

(A) A recording of a previous workshop

(B) An attendance certificate

(D) A pet-training manual

Questions 4-7 refer to the following passage.

Petroleum product, such as gasoline, kerosine, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from one source - crude oil found below the earth's surface, as well as under large bodies of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earth's interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.

Crude oil wells flow at varying rate, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels. Petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance: thin, thick, transparent or opaque, but regardless, their chemical composition is made up of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbon. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.

The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosine, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various types of gasoline.

petroleum : 석유

kerosine, -sene : 등유

residual : 잔여의, 남은

lubricating oils : 윤활유

crude : 천연 그대로의

secure : 지키다, 확보하다.

transparent : 투명한

opaque : 불투명한

composition : 구성

carbon : 탄소

hydrogen : 수소

compound : 혼합물, 합성물

hydrocarbon : 탄화수소

classify : 분류하다.

impurity : 혼합물. 불순물

trace : 흔적

disregard : 무시하다.

molecule : 분자

refine : 정련하다.

condense : 응축하다.

vapor : 증기

so-called : 이른바, 소위

distillate : 정수(精水)

distill : 증류하다.

octane rating : 옥탄가

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

(A) Crude oil is found below land and water.

(B) Crude oil is always found a few hundred feet below the surface.

(D) A various petroleum products is obtained from crude oil.

5. Which of the following is true?

(A) The various petroleum products are produced by filtration.

(B) Heating and condensation produce the various products.

(D) Mechanical means such as the centrifuge are used to produce the various products.

6. How is crude oil brought to the surface?

(A) expansion of the hydrocarbons

(B) vacuum created in the drilling pipe

(D) pressure and pumping

7. Which of the following is NOT listed as a light oil?

(A) lubricating oil

(B) distillate oil

(D) kerosine

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (B). 2. (A). 3. (D). 4. (B). 5. (C). 6. (B). 7. (D). 8. (C). 9. (D). 10. (C). 11. (A). 12. (B). 13. (C). 14. (C). 15. (A). 16. (C). 17. (D). 18. (C). 19. (A). 20. (B). 21. (D). 22. (A). 23. (C). 24. (B). 25. (D). 26. (A). 27. (D). 28. (A). 29. (B). 30. (C). 31. (B).

[B] 1. (A). 2. (C). 3. (A). 4. (D). 5. (C). 6. (A). 7. (A). 8. (C). 9. (A). 10. (D). 11. (B). 12. (C). 13. (A). 14. (A). 15. (D). 16. (A). 17. (A). 18. (C). 19. (A). 20. (A). 21. (D). 22. (A). 23. (A). 24. (C). 25. (A). 26. (C). 27. (A). 28. (A). 29. (B). 30. (A).

9. 동명사

2009-02-09T13:17:52Z

Chapter 9. 동명사

- 확인문제 -

D. REVIEW TEST

[A] 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. Bill is sick, all night in the rain caused him to catch a cold.

(A) He working (B) Him to work

2. for a big company will be good for you.

(A) Spend a year working

(B) Spending a year working

(D) Spending a year to work

3. Adidas has announced that it is going to discontinue the Tracy McGrady shoe as sales have been poorer than expected.

(A) making (B) to make

4. Korean corporations hope to break free by brainpower from the U.S. and developing their own research labs.

(A) recruit (B) recruited

5. "Christine is moving to Los Angeles." "I think will make everyone sad."

(A) she leaves (B) she leaving

6. The man had often wondered if he would enjoy in another country.

(A) living (B) to live

7. Hawks serve an important purpose in the scheme of nature on destructive rodents, such as mice and rats.

(A) to prey (B) preying

8. too long for lunch caused a slowdown on the production line.

(A) Them talking (B) Their talking

9. My sister finished her shoes with some spangles.

(A) decorated (B) to decorate

10. I will never forget the beautiful girl at the cafe.

(A) seeing (B) to see

11. Cleaning takes a couple of minutes. Cleaning is finished when the power light on the printer's control panel stops .

(A) flash (B) to flash

12. A complete biography of a person's life is not written by merely in chronological order.

(A) the pertinent facts are to be listed

(B) listing the pertinent facts

(D) when the pertinent facts are listed

13. Westpit Products will consider a new soft drink as soon as the research is completed.

(A) to manufacture (B) manufactured

14. After my run, I walk for another quarter of a mile to cool down.

(A) having completed (B) have completed

15. "That antique desk is exactly what I need." "Would you consider it?"

(A) buy (B) to buy

16. Some type of instrument has been known to painters since the Stone Age.

(A) for applying paint

(B) applying paint

(D) applied paint

17. The first time he remembers it was May 5, 2007.

(A) to hear (B) hearing

18. Don't understate your qualifications, but avoid "I" or "me."

(A) use (B) used

19. The woman kept off the lights when she go out.

(A) forget to turn (B) forget turning

20. for director must have surprised you.

(A) Your being nominated

(B) Your nominating

(D) You're being nominated

21. In order to avoid making mistakes, have your colleague the statistics.

(A) checking (B) to check

22. Remember the names and addresses on the packages clearly with a permanent pen.

(A) written (B) to writing

23. The couple had to postpone a car when their landlord raised their tent unexpected.

(A) purchased (B) purchasing

24. I am going to meet with President Hu Jintao, and I look forward him to the White House.

(A) welcome (B) welcoming

25. Petty officials cannot help on airs in the provinces.

(A) putting (B) put

26. receiving the correct parts, we will return the water pumps that were sent to us by mistake.

(A) While (B) At

27. We look forward to out more about the company during the next shareholders' meeting.

(A) find (B) finding

28. Many people are opposed rain forests without thought for the environment.

(A) to developing (B) developing

29. There is up with America in mass production.

(A) kept (B) not kept

30. We should establish the laboratory with a view research.

(A) facilitate (B) facilitating

[B] 밑줄 친 말들 중에서 올바르지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1. (A)The most effective method (B)of promote your website is (C)to get other web sites to link to (D)yours.

2. (A)When and (B)by whom the islands of the West Indies were first (C)settled is a matter of (D)debating among archaeologists.

3. Buyers and sellers may be (A)scattered over the whole world and instead of actually (B)meet together (C)in a market-place they may deal (D)with one another by internet, telephone or letter.

4. The company has (A)accumulated (B)plenty of techniques for (C)management (D)its employees.

5. Deluxetype Incorporated (A)has encountered many difficulties in (B)adapt its word-processing software for (C)use with all of the (D)written languages of the world.

6. The dictionary (A)functions (B)primarily (C)as a tool (D)for the definition the meanings of words.

7. Making personal phone (A)calls and (B)to write personal letters (C)are not permitted (D)during office hours.

8. Because they were (A)unaware of his (B)interest in the building, they did not understand why he (C)felt so bad about (D)it's being condemned.

9. Please return my computer (A)when you (B)have finished (C)to use it (D)for your report.

10. We stopped (A)to buy (B)from that company because (C)so many of their products (D)were defective.

11. The merchants (A)accused (B)to cheat a group of tourists (C)say (D)they are not guilty.

12. Every (A)employee, (B)regardless of age, should consider (C)to invest (D)for retirement.

13. The suspect confessed (A)to take part in the crime, but has refused (B)to name (C)any of the others (D)involved.

14. By (A)learning and accepting (B)capitalist ways quickly, he says North Koreans can avoid (C)to become (D)disillusioned and depressed.

15. I would like (A)to discuss the problem of maintenance before (B)decide (C)which model (D)to install in my factory.

16. I remembered (A)to lock the door (B)before I (C)left, but I forgot (D)to shut the windows.

17. The nurses (A)have tried (B)convincing us (C)that the ambulance will arrive (D)shortly.

18. He (A)had not forgotten (B)returning the client's call, but he avoided (C)doing so, because he knew he would begin (D)to argue with and shout at the client.

19. (A)Upon returning to New York., he (B)offers his sincere (C)apologies and (D)will contact you

20. (A)In a free market situation (B)producers can purchase their raw materials and sell their (C)finished products without (D)restricting by government regulations.

21. We (A)can not help (B)to shed tears (C)while we watch (D)the film.

22. He remembered (A)to think that (B)all of his problems (C)were the (D)cat's fault.

23. I wish they (A)would itemize our bill (B)rather than (C)presenting us with (D)a lump-sum charge.

24. Why do you (A)always forget (B)locking the door (C)when you (D)leave?

25. In (A)addition to the finger grip, it is important (B)to remember (C)keeping your front arm straight and drop your front shoulder (D)until you follow through.

26. I wish the politicians (A)would work for the public (B)rather than wasting our money, creating problems for us, and (C)to build empires (D)for themselves.

27. There is no (A)break the (B)nine-second (C)barrier in the (D)100-meter dash.

28. We have a curious (A)habit of thinking that nature (B)must always (C)look like the pictures (D)we are accustomed.

29. We (A)look forward to (B)do business (C)with you (D)as soon as possible.

30. His silence was (A)understood (B)to mean (C)that he was opposed to (D)develop the region.

D. READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-3 refer to the following passage.

Today the growing number of working women requires a radical change in traditional marketing concepts. A study measuring husband/wife influence on buying decisions found, for example, that wives have a 38% say in deciding to buy a new automobile and a 33% influence on the choice of make and model. In buying s camera the wife's role is even greater. She has an equal say with her husband in deciding whether to buy a camera and a greater say than her spouse(52% to 49%) in picking out what kind to get. The role of the wife in making these sorts of purchases may be explained by pointing out that she also uses what they buy. What should make advertisers rethink their usual targeting of their ad campaigns is the study's finding on men's wristwatches. It seems that the wife has a 47% say in both whether her husband should get a new watch and what kind he should get.

1. What would be a reasonable conclusion to draw from the study reported here?

(A) A completely different type of advertising is needed.

(B) Working women require different ads than those who do not work.

(D) Ads should be directed to women as much as to men.

2. What is the author's main idea?

(A) The role of women has changed.

(B) Traditional marketing ideas should change.

(D) Selling is more difficult than it used to be.

3. Of the example cited, in which does the wife have the smallest part in the decision.

(A) Whether to buy a car.

(B) Which car to buy.

(D) Which camera to buy.

Questions 4-7 refer to the following passage.

The science of meteorology is concerned with the study of the structure, state, and behavior of the atmosphere. The subject may be approached from several directions, but the scene cannot be fully appreciated from any one vantage point Different views must be integrated to give perspective to the whole picture.

One may consider the condition of the atmosphere at a given moment and attempt to predict changes from that condition over a period of a few hours to a few days. This approach is covered by the branch of the science called synoptic meteorology.

Synoptic meteorology is the scientific basis of the technique of weather forecasting by means of the preparation and analysis of weather maps and aerological diagrams.

The practical importance of the numerous applications of weather forecasting cannot be overestimated. In serving the needs of shipping, aviation, agriculture, industry, and many other interests and fields of human activity with accurate weather warnings and professional forecast advice, great benefits are reaped in the form of the saving of human life and property and in economic advantages of various kinds. One important purpose of the science of meteorology is constantly to strive, through advanced study and research, to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere with the aim of improving the accuracy of weather forecasts.

The tools needed to advance our knowledge in this way are the disciplines of mathematics and physics applied to solve meteorological problems. The use of these tools forms that branch of the science called dynamic meteorology.

meteorology : 기상학

atmosphere : 대기

appreciate : 높이 평가하다.

integrate : 통합하다.

perspective : 원근법, 투시

synoptic : 개요의

aerological : (고층) 기상학

diagram : 도표

aviation : 항공

accurate : 정확한

accuracy : 정확성

reap : 수확하다.

disciplines : 학문의 분야

4. Which of the following is the best title for the massage?

(A) The Limitations of Meteorological at Forecasting

(B) New Advances in Synoptic Meteorology

(D) The Basics of Dynamic Meteorology

5. The prediction of synoptic meteorology are directly based on the .

(A) application of the physical science

(B) preparation and study of weather maps

(D) observations of commercial airline pilots

6. Which of the following is NOT referred to by the author as a field whose needs are sewed by weather forecasting?

(A) Transportation

(B) Manufacturing

(D) Sports

7. The author implies that increased accuracy in weather forecasting will lead to .

(A) more funds allocated to meteorological research

(B) greater protection of human life

(D) less-specialized forms of synoptic meteorology

- 해답 -

[A] 1. (D). 2. (B). 3. (A). 4. (D). 5. (C). 6. (A). 7. (C). 8. (B). 9. (D. 10. (A). 11. (D). 12. (B). 13. (C). 14. (A). 15. (C). 16. (A). 17. (B). 18. (D). 19. (C). 20. (A). 21. (D). 22. (C). 23. (B). 24. (D). 25. (A). 26. (D). 27. (B). 28. (A). 29. (D). 30. (C).

[B] 1. (B). 2. (D). 3. (B). 4. (C). 5. (B). 6. (D). 7. (B). 8. (D). 9. (C). 10. (A). 11. (B). 12. (C). 13. (A). 14. (C). 15. (B). 16. (A). 17. (B). 18. (B). 19. (A). 20. (D). 21. (B). 22. (A). 23. (C). 24. (B). 25. (C). 26. (C). 27. (A). 28. (D). 29. (B). 30. (D).